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Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity in the wild mallard duckling caused by organophosphorus insecticides cyanofenphos and leptophos

Author(s)
Soliman, S.A., N.S. Ahmed, K.S. El-Gendy, A.S. El-Bakary and A.H. El-Sebae
Pages
401-411
Year
Issue
5
Volume
B21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CYANOFENPHOS decreased @ 2.0, 4.0 mg/kg/d bw versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 week Laboratory
CYANOFENPHOS increased @ 2.0, or 4.0 mg cyanofen/kg/d, 10 mg leptophos/kg/d. incidence of histological lesions in axons and myelin sheaths Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 week Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine on several immune functions in mallards.

Author(s)
Fairbrother, A. and J. Fowles
Pages
836-844
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE decreased incidence of delayed hypersensitivity reactions to antigen versus controls Male Adult Controls = 24
Treated = 8 		Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased blood monocyte counts after 78 days exposure versus controls Male Adult Controls = 24
Treated = 8 		Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 3.5 mg/L (selenite) or 2.2 mg/L (selenomethionine) serum ALT enzyme activity versus controls n high selenite and selenomethionine groups. Male Adult Controls = 24
Treated = 8 		laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE increased (12-fold) selenium concentrations in pectoral muscle Male Adult Controls = 24
Treated = 8 		Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Heat exposure and the toxicity of one number four lead shot in mallards, Anas platyrhynchos

Author(s)
Srebocan, Emil and Barnett A. Rattner
Pages
165-169
Year
Volume
40
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental) decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit versus controls Male Juvenile 8 Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 months Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased (60%) blood ALAD activity versus controls Male Juvenile 8 Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 months Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) increased blood protoporphyrin levels versus controls Male Juvenile 8 Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 months Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of lead shot to wild black ducks and mallards fed natural foods.

Author(s)
Chasko, G.G., T.R. Hoehn and P. Howell-Heller
Pages
417-428
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased @ 5 shot (33%) and repeated 5 shot (40%) percent mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Not Reported 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased bw versus controls Both Male and Female Not Reported 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) increased @ all doses Pb concentrations in wing bone and liver Both Male and Female Not Reported 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and elimination in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., G.W. Pendleton, A.J. Krynitsky and L.G. Gold
Pages
374-379
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE liver: C = 7.4(1-e^-0.382t)
muscle: C = 8.0(1-e^-0.037t) 		selenium accumulation equations Both Male and Female Adult 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE liver: C = 7.4e^-0.037t
muscle: C = 5.6e^-0.023t
liver at peak body burden: C = 22.6e^-0.246t + 2.5 e^-0.008t
muscle at peak body burden: C = 6.4e^-0.029t
Loss phase for blood at peak body burden: C = 12.0e^-0.071t 		selenium depuration equations Both Male and Female Adult 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE liver: 18.7 d
muscle: 30.1 d 		half life of selenium in tissues Both Male and Female Adult 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic effects of crude oil in mallard ducks and chicks

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J.
Pages
183-190
Year
Volume
46
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decreased @ 5 uL/egg embryonic weight (females) and crown rump length (both sexes) Both Male and Female Hatchling 65 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 days Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decreased to 65% @ 1 uL/egg); 9% @ 5 uL/egg embryo survival to 18 days Both Male and Female Embryo 65 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 days Laboratory
Citation:

Interactive effects of selenium, methionine, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings.

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J., C.J. Sanderson, L.J. LeCaptain, E. Cromartie and G.W. Pendleton
Pages
163-171
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 15 ppm, 60 ppm (adequate protein, no methionine added) incidence of histopathological changes in livers versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-day old Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 60 ppm (regardless of methionine suppl. or protein levels) body, liver and spleen weights, and tarsus length versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-day old Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 15 (GSH-peroxidase only), 60 ppm Se, adequate protein plasma GSH-peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase activities versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-day old Laboratory
Citation:

Behavior of mallard ducklings from adults exposed to selenium

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H. and L.G. Gold
Pages
863-865
Year
Volume
6
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect distance run in 2 seconds from a fright stimulus vs controls Not Reported Chick 32, 14, 14, 14, 11 in the 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 ppm groups Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 days Laboratory
Citation:

Marked DDE impairment of mallard reproduction in controlled studies

Author(s)
Heath, R.G., J.W. Spann and J.F. Kreitzer
Pages
47-48
Year
Volume
224
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) decreased % normal hatchlings versus controls Not Reported Embryo 492-518, 232-384, and 128-276 for the 0, 10, and 40 ppm DDE groups Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) decreased number of 14-day old ducklings per hen versus controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 274-327, 69-167, and 26-113 for the 0, 10, and 40 ppm DDE groups Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) increased % cracked eggs versus controls Female Hatchling 666-696, 620-664, and 317-602 for the 0, 10, and 40 ppm DDE groups Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) decreased eggshell thickness versus controls Female Adult 20-28, 21-25, and 10-23 for the 0, 10, and 40 ppm DDE groups Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of age on sensitivity: Acute oral toxicity of 14 pesticides to mallard ducks of several ages

Author(s)
Hudson, R.H., R.K. Tucker and M.A. Haegele
Pages
556-561
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CHLORPYRIFOS 145 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hours Laboratory
CHLORPYRIFOS 29.4 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 days Laboratory
CHLORPYRIFOS 50.4 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 30 days Laboratory
CHLORPYRIFOS 83.3 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
ENDOSULFAN 27.8 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hours Laboratory
ENDOSULFAN 6.47 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 days Laboratory
ENDOSULFAN 7.89 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 30 days Laboratory
ENDOSULFAN 34.4 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
ALDICARB 1.92 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hours Laboratory
ALDICARB 3.60 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 days Laboratory
ALDICARB 6.73 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 30 days Laboratory
ALDICARB 4.44 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
PARATHION 1.65 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hours Laboratory
PARATHION 1.44 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 days Laboratory
PARATHION 1.65 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 30 days Laboratory
PARATHION 2.34 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
Citation:

p,p' - DDE - induced changes in the organic and inorganic structure of eggshells of the mallard, Anas platyrhynchos

Author(s)
Greenburg, R.R., Risebrough, R.W. and D.W. Anderson
Pages
279-286
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) decreased with all treatments numbers of mammillary cores and basal caps on eggshell membranes versus controls Female Adult 6-8 eggs/group from 10 hens Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxic, neurochemical and behavioral effects of dieldrin exposure in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Sharma, R.P., D.S. Winn and J.B. Low
Pages
43-53
Year
Issue
1
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN decreased @ 10 ppm (serotonin only) and 30 ppm Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-6 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
DIELDRIN increased with all doses brain, liver, and adipose dieldrin concentrations Both Male and Female Juvenile 4-6 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
DIELDRIN no effect bw versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 9-25 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
DIELDRIN increased @ 10 ppm (liver only), 30 ppm (brain only) brain and liver weight to body weight ratios versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 9-25 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
DIELDRIN increased@ 4, 10, 30 ppm hepatic microsomal enzyme activity versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 5-15 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
DIELDRIN increased @ 30 ppm liver protein concentration versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 5-15 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
DIELDRIN increased @ 10, 30 ppm liver DNA content versus controls Male Both Adults and Juveniles 5-15 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
DIELDRIN decreased @ all doses % drake encounter scores Male Both Adults and Juveniles 30 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of DDT on eggshell quality and calcium adenosine triphosphatase

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
699-704
Year
Volume
3
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell thickness versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell weight versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell quality (R-value) versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) no effect calcium concentration in eggshell versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) no effect total Ca/eggshell Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) no effect Ca - ATPase activity in eggshell glands versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Synergistic effects of Aroclor 1254 on the semen characteristics of American kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., P.H. Tucker, G.A. Fox and P.C. Lague
Pages
633-640
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, MIREX 20.3% decrease @ 8 ppm mirex + 33 ppm Aroclor sperm concentration Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, MIREX 73.3% increase @ 8ppm mirex + 33 ppm Aroclor semen volume Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 no effect sperm motility Male Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Accumulation and effects in birds

Author(s)
Peakall, D.B.
Pages
31-47
Publisher
CRC Press, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell modifications in captive American kestrels resulting from Aroclor 1248 in the diet

Author(s)
Lowe, Peter T. and Rey C. Stendell
Pages
519-522
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1248 18.5 ug/g (5.1SD), PCBs; 0.10 ug/g (0.03 SD), dieldrin;1.02 ug/g (0.39 SD), DDE @ 3.0 ug/g mean carcass concentrations, wet wt Both Male and Female Adult 8 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1248 5.60 ug/g (1.15 SD), PCBs; 0.15 ug/g (0.05 SD), dieldrin; 0.15 ug/g (0.07 SD), DDE @ 3.0 ug/g mean egg concentrations, wet wt Female Adult 8 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1248 5% decrease @ 3.0 ug/g mean eggshell thickness Female Adult 8 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in the American kestrel

Author(s)
Lincer, Jeffrey L., and David B. Peakall
Pages
783-784
Year
Volume
228
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS increased @ 5 ppm amount of liver cytoplasmic RNA Both Male and Female Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) effects on hepatic mixed function oxidases and porphyria in birds - II. American kestrel

Author(s)
Elliot, J.E., S.W. Kennedy, D. Jeffrey and L. Shutt
Pages
141-145
Year
Issue
1/2
Volume
99
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PCB 105 (2,3,3',4,4'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased with PCB 126 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and aldrin epoxidase activities in liver Female Adult 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Secondary poisoning hazard of fenthion to American kestrels

Author(s)
Hunt, K. A., D.M. Bird, P. Mineau and L. Shutt
Pages
84-90
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
FENTHION 96% range of plasma cholinesterase inhibition (relative to control) in birds that died Male Adult 14 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Methyl parathion and fenvalerate toxicity in American kestrels: acute physiological responses and effects of cold

Author(s)
Rattner, Barnett A. and J. Christian Franson
Pages
787-792
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLPARATHION decrease at 1, 2, 3 mg/kg bw brain acetylcholinesterase activity 10 hr post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Uptake and loss of white phosphorus in American kestrels

Author(s)
Nam, Sae-Im, B.D. Roebuck and Marianne E. Walsh
Pages
837-841
Year
Issue
4
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) increased accumulation in skin Not Reported Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolism and storage of p,p' dicofol

Author(s)
Schwarzbach, S.E., D. Michael Fry, B.E. Rosson and David M. Bird
Pages
206-210
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL 8.11 (fat), 0.28 (liver) ug/g @ 0.3 mg/kg bw/d sum of geometric mean tissue concentrations (wet wt) of dicofol and metabolites (dichlorobenzophenone, mono-dechlorinated dicofol, dichlorobenzhydrol, DDE) Female Adult 2-4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Survival, growth, and histopathological effects of paraquat ingestion in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., J. Christian Franson, Oliver H. Pattee and Christine M. Bunck
Pages
495-500
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARAQUAT no effect percent increase over controls in lung to body weight ratio Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARAQUAT 51% @ 60 mg/kg percent increase over controls in kidney to body weight ratio Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARAQUAT 14% @ 25 mg/kg, 18% @ 60 mg/kg percent increase over controls in liver to body weight ratio Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARAQUAT decreased @ 25, 60 mg/kg skeletal growth (humerus, femur, radius-ulna, tibia-fibula) Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARAQUAT 11% @ 25 mg/kg, 25% @ 60 mg/kg percent increase over controls in brain to body weight ratio Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Bird poisonings with cyclodienes in suburbia: Links to historic use on turf

Author(s)
Okoniewski, Joseph C. and Elizabeth Novesky
Pages
630-639
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of wild birds dying diagnosed with organochlorine poisoning Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5 kestrels Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Short-term effects of oil ingestion on American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Pattee, Oliver H. and J. Chrisian Franson
Pages
235-241
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS no effect various hematological measurements (packed cell volume, erythrocyte counts, plasma uric acid, plasma alanine aminotransferase) Both Male and Female Juvenile 16/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decreased @ 3.0% hemoglobin Both Male and Female Juvenile 16/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increased @ 3.0% food consumption Both Male and Female Juvenile 16/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decreased @ 3.0% body weight Both Male and Female Juvenile 16/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Possible mechanisms for sensitivity to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in eastern screech-owls and American kestrels

Author(s)
Vyas, N.B., L.A. Thiele, S.C. Garland
Pages
151-157
Year
Volume
120
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CARBOFURAN increased at 63.4, 126.8, 253.6 ppm mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
FENTHION increased @ all doses mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CARBOFURAN decreased to 35% of controls brain cholinesterase activity in birds that died Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
FENTHION decreased to 10% of control levels brain cholinesterase activity of birds that died Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Selenium accumulation in captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) fed selenomethionine and naturally incorporated selenium

Author(s)
Yamamoto, Julie T., Gary M. Santolo, and Barry W. Wilson
Pages
2494-2497
Year
Issue
12
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS 7.5 ppm Se, dry wt maximum observed Se concentration in blood Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE Y=1.132 + 0.801X (R^2 = 0.932) relationship between Se concentrations in diet and blood Both Male and Female Adult 9-10 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect incidence of mortality or signs of toxicity Both Male and Female Adult 9-10 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Reproductive and morphological effects of o,p-dicofol on two generations of captive American kestrels

Author(s)
MacLellan, K.N.M., D.M. Bird, D.M. Fry, and J.L. Cowles
Pages
364-372
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL decreased 5.45% (@ 5 mg/kg), 10.98% (@ 20 mg/kg) eggshell thickness compared to controls Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris)

Citation:

The toxicity of p,p'-DDT to the clapper rail

Author(s)
Van Velzen, Aldeen and J.F. Kreitzer
Pages
305-309
Year
Issue
2
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) 1612 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) 1896 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Female Juvenile 4 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 13.3 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that survived Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 19.0 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that survived Female Juvenile 4 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 42.9 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that died Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 44.6 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that died Female Juvenile 4 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Organochlorines and mercury in the eggs of British peregrines Falco peregrinus

Author(s)
Newton, I., J.A. Bogan, and M.B. Haas
Pages
353-376
Year
Volume
131
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
DDE (4,4'-) eggshell thickness index = 1.799 - 0.243(log DDE) linear regression of eggshell thickness index vs. log DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult 295 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets eggs were addled and/or deserted UNITED KINGDOM

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Effects of carbaryl grasshopper control on nesting killdeer in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M, Patricia L. Kennedy and Lowell C. McEwen
Pages
881-890
Year
Issue
5
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CARBARYL increased at 0.56 kg/ha (2, 8-9 d. post-spray) whole carcass concentration of carbaryl Not Reported Not Reported 8-9 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL no effect whole carcass lipid content Not Reported Not Reported 6-13 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL no effect brain acetylcholinesterase activity Not Reported Not Reported 6-13 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine residues in nesting killdeer, Charadrius vociferus, and their eggs in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M., Lowell C. McEwen and Patricia L. Kennedy
Pages
328-331
Year
Issue
3
Volume
108
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) no correlation with DDE residues in eggs eggshell thickness Female Adult 12 eggs McHenry and Billings Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
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