Birds
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) | positive relationship | relation between liver to body weight ratio and dose | Male | Adult | 4-5 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) | positive correlation | relation between dose and frequency and severity of hepatic and kidney lesions | Not Reported | Adult | 4-5 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254 | no effect | reproductive success or nest attentiveness versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 22 pairs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| AROCLOR 1254 | no effect | body and liver weights of parents and offspring versus controls | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 22 pairs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | no effect | histological changes to nervous system, bones, feathers, feather follicles, claws and scaled skin versus controls | Male | Adult | 21/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 mo | Laboratory | |
| SELENOMETHIONINE | increased in birds that died, and in some 40 ppm survivors | histological changes to skin (loss of fat), muscle, liver, pancreas, kidney, lymph nodes, spleen, seminiferous tubules | Male | Adult | 21/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | reduced @ 7 ppm Se | body weight versus controls | Female | Adult | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | no effect due to added Se | liver weight, hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | increased @ all doses | protoporphyrin levels in blood versus controls | Male | Adult | 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 5 mo | Laboratory | |
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | 4.6(0.66) ppm @ 103 ug/g Pb; 9.3(0.82) ppm @ 207 ug/g Pb; 12(1.3) ppm @ 414 ug/g Pb; 28(4.6) ppm @ 828 ug/g Pb | mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of lead in liver | Male | Adult | 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 5 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | higher in P8 than in T19 and TF, and in T19 than in TF | maximum likelihood estimate of 2-week Pb exposure rate | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 50 birds/treatment | Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; Willows, CA (39deg29'N, 122deg20'W) | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Sacramento |
| LEAD (elemental) | higher in P8 than in T19 and TF, and in T19 than in TF | mortality rate (over 4 years) | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 50 birds/treatment | Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; Willows, CA (39deg29'N, 122deg20'W) | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Sacramento |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 10 ppm Hg | incidence of leg weakness versus controls | Male | Adult | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se | hatchability versus controls | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | 17.9(1.06) ppm @ 10 ppm Hg; 14.1(0.74) ppm @ 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se | mean (SE) wet wt Hg concentrations in brain | Male | Adult | 12/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | no effect with Fe or Bi | histopathology of kidney, liver, testis, heart, lung versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory | |
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | 213(27.1) ppm, kidney; 91(4.55) ppm, liver; 9.8(3.22) ppm, ovary; 3.49(0.61) ppm, testis | mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of Pb in Pb-dosed birds | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | increased | blood protoporphyrin levels versus controls | Male | Juvenile | 8 | Laboratory | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 months | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | decreased | eggshell thickness versus controls | Female | Adult | 20-28, 21-25, and 10-23 for the 0, 10, and 40 ppm DDE groups | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARATHION | 2.34 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory | |
| ENDRIN | 22.3 (9.88-50.3), 3.37 (2.36-4.80), 2.90 (2.17-3.88), 5.33 (3.67-7.73) | LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos | Laboratory | |
| CHLORPYRIFOS | 145 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 36 hours | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | no effect | thyroid hormone concentrations versus controls | Male | Adult | 8 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 32 weeks | Laboratory | |
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | no effect | liver Cu concentration versus controls | Male | Adult | 8 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 32 weeks | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE | decrease @ 50 ppm | body weight, compared to control | Not Reported | Juvenile | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3-4 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | 130(10.1) ppm in kidneys, 0.19(0.06) ppm in liver | mean(SE) wet wt concentration of bismuth in organs | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 males, 5 females per group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | 178 - 684 | steady state bioconcentration factor for skin, calculated on a wet weight basis; range for 7 doses | Not Reported | Juvenile | 8-16/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d at initiation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | body weight at end of study | Female | Adult | 5-10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | increase @ 10-20 ug/g | estradiol metabolism and cytochrome P450 concentration | Female | Adult | 4/dose/sampling time | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 90 d at initiation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LINDANE | 8.5 lbs AI/acre (slope = 1.34) for exposure of 3d embryo; 7.3 lbs AI/acre (slope = 2.72) for exposure of 8d embryo | LC50 | Not Reported | Embryo | 30/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 or 8d of development | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FENTHION | 16.9% @ 5mg/L | brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4-5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 weeks old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHLORPYRIFOS | decreased @ all doses | body weight compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLPARATHION | 2/12 when treatment initiated during early incub.; 2/11 when treatment initiated during late incub. | incidence of adult mortality during incubation compared with controls | Female | Adult | 12 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MALATHION | decreased @ 125 (aqueous), 14.0 (oil) lb/acre | embryo weight by day 18 of incubation compared with controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Day 3 or 8 of incubation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPN | decreased @ 90, 270 ppm | food consumption and body weight compared with controls | Female | Juvenile | 6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 20 wks | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) | see citation | figure of eggshell thickness over 30 d period (significant differences noted at various times) | Female | Adult | 20/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VANADYL SULFATE | increased @ 100 ppm (maximum = 106 +/- 19 ppb, wet wt) | vanadium concentration in blood (sampled at 3 wk intervals) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | decreased | body weight and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity versus controls | Male | Adult | 20/treatment group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | increased @ 1 #four shot | mortality rate by 15 d post-dose versus controls | Male | Adult | 4/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYANIDE | decreased @ 0.5,1,2 mg/kg bw | respiratory control ratios in heart, liver and brain versus controls | Female | Adult | at least 5 determinations/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FUEL OILS | decreased @ 0.5, 5 ul/egg on incubation day 3 or 8 | embryo survival to day 18 of incubation and % of survivors that were normal versus controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 or 8 days of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254 | decreased @ 1000 mg/kg bw | post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness | Female | Adult | 5/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE, COPPER COMPOUNDS, LEAD CHLORIDE | 56.7(7.7) @ 100 ppm Cd; 37.7 (3.7) @ 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Pb (ug/g, dry wt) | mean (SE) Cu concentrations (ug/g, dry wt) in kidney | Male | Juvenile | 6-8 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 128 d (at initiation) | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARSENATE, SODIUM | no effect | incidence of histopathological lesions, and liver, brain, and spleen weights | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 30 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NICKEL SULFATE | no effects | body wt, liver wt:brain wt, kidney wt:brain wt, duodenal wt compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased to 0.010 (@ 20 ppm), 0.040 (@ 200 ppm) ppm, wet wt | Cd concentrations in eggs versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 15 eggs (20 ppm), 3 eggs (200 ppm) | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE | 1.4 +/- 0.18 (@ 1 ppm, no DDE), 8.7 +/- 0.87 (@ 5 ppm, no DDE) ppm Hg, wet wt | mean Hg concentration in third egg laid in clutch (mean +/- SE) | Female | Adult | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE | 25-27 (@ 30 ppm as Se-L-met or Se-DL-met), 13 (@ 30 ppm as yeast) ppm, wet wt | mean Se concentrations in liver | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 day | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 5, 10, 25 ppm (as selenite), 10 ppm (as selenomethionine) | plasma glutathione peroxidase activity in hatchlings compared to controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 5-11 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 16, 32 ppm | liver reduced gluthathione, oxidized glutathione, malondialdehyde concentrations versus controls | Male | Adult | 10 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE | no effect | hatchability and duckling survival versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 14 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | no effect | total body weight, compared to control | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4-6/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 44% increase @ 40 mg/kg | calcium content (umol/g dry weight) of eggshell gland mucosa, compared to controls | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID | decrease @ 400 and 1600 ppm | brain ATP (nmol/g) and protein (mg/g) concentrations | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | increase @ 4.0 ml/kg | susceptibility to Pasturella multocida estimated as % mortality 2-wks post-exposure to Pasturella multocida which was given on day 28 | Male | Adult | 10-32/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALUMINUM SULFATE | decrease @ 0.5% | body weight, average daily weight gain and tibiotarsus length, compared to controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 8/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS | no effect | mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 males, 20 females per group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | increased @ 5 shot (33%) and repeated 5 shot (40%) | percent mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 5-6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) | decreased with all treatments | numbers of mammillary cores and basal caps on eggshell membranes versus controls | Female | Adult | 6-8 eggs/group from 10 hens | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) | review | concentrations of chemicals in eggs and diet associated with mortality and eggshell thinning (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | review | concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 13.1% and 13.6% decreases in tundrius and anatum ssp. | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 21 and 34 eggs for tundrius and anatum ssp. | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 7.5% decrease | eggshell thickness compared to "pre-pesticide" reference eggs | Female | Adult | 3-6 eggs/year | Amchitka Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERCURY (elemental) | 2.79 (3.10) ppm, dry wt | mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers | Not Reported | Juvenile | 3 nests | Southern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 8.31(2.59) ppm, dry wt | mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers | Not Reported | Juvenile | 3 nests | Northern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | review | eggshell thickness compared to that of pre-1945 eggs | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | GLOBAL |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 21.7% decrease (tundra population); 16.8% decrease (taiga population); 7.5% decrease (Aleutian population) | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 23 eggs (tundra pop.); 14 eggs (taiga pop.); 11 eggs (Aleutian pop.) | Colville River (tundra); Yukon River (taiga); Amchitka Island (Aleutian) | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | decrease at all doses (45-59%) | red blood cell delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | 30% decrease at 625 mg/kg bw 25% decrease at 125 mg/kg bw |
plasma creatine phosphokinase | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | no effect | packed cell volume, hemoglogin concentration, erythrocyte counts | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8-14/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-2 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLPARATHION | increased at 2, 3 mg/kg bw | plasma glucose concentrations | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | decrease at 10 ppm | mean eggshell thickness | Female | Adult | 8-10 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 0.71 (0.05 SE) ppm at 0 ppm, 32.4 (2.78 SE) ppm at 10 ppm |
mean residues in eggs | Female | Embryo | 9-10 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FENTHION | 77.9-92% | range of brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition (relative to control) in birds that died | Male | Adult | 14 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| FENTHION | 96% | range of plasma cholinesterase inhibition (relative to control) in birds that died | Male | Adult | 14 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLUORIDE, SODIUM | decreased at 2240 ppm | bonebreaking strength | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 9-10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS | increased @ 5 ppm | amount of liver cytoplasmic RNA | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARAQUAT | 11% @ 25 mg/kg, 25% @ 60 mg/kg | percent increase over controls in brain to body weight ratio | Not Reported | Juvenile | 11/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| PARAQUAT | 14% @ 25 mg/kg, 18% @ 60 mg/kg | percent increase over controls in liver to body weight ratio | Not Reported | Juvenile | 11/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DICOFOL | non-detectable (@ 5 mg/kg), 560 ng/g (@ 20 mg/kg) | mean concentration of metabolite dichlorobenzophenone in eggs | Female | Adult | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DICOFOL | increased @ 5 and 20 mg/kg | incidence of abnormal embyronic gonads | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCB 77 (3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL) | reduced @ 100, 1000 ng/g | percent hatching success, percent pipped versus controls | Not Reported | Hatchling | 24-26/treatment group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | hatchling | Laboratory | |
| PCB 77 (3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL) | reduced @ 1000 ng/g | humerus length versus controls | Not Reported | Hatchling | 24-26/treatment group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | hatchling | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | no effect | incidence of embryo deformities versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 15 pairs/treatment group; 10 control pairs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| SELENOMETHIONINE | no effect | chick mass and size at hatch, and chick survival to fledging versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult, Juvenile | 15 pairs/treatment group; 10 control pairs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIMETHYLMERCURY | no effect | eggshell thickness | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACEPHATE, DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | prey capturing behavior | Not Reported | Adult | 5-6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCB 105 (2,3,3',4,4'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL) | increased with PCB 153 | aminopyrine N-demethylase and aldrin epoxidase activities in liver | Female | Adult | 5-6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | review | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION), DIMETHOATE, ENDOSULFAN, METHYLPARATHION, PARATHION, PERMETHRIN, THIRAM, ZIRAM | no effect | numbers of eggs laid or number of fledglings produced | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 29 conventional nests | York Springs, Adams Co. | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | light lesions present | histological exam of acid-fast intranuclear inclusions of cells of kidney proximal convoluted tubules | Not Reported | Not Reported | 2 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | 639.43 and 345.95 ug/g, dry wt | lead concentration in kidneys of treated birds | Not Reported | Not Reported | 2 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254 | decreased at 40 ppm | courtship behavior score (intensity) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | breeding | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CARBOFURAN | 4 | carcass count in a treated rice field | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Lavaca Bay area | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALDRIN, DIELDRIN | 6.1 ppm (brain), 10.7 ppm (body remainder) dieldrin, wet wt | post-mortem concentrations | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1 bird | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STRYCHNINE | increased | occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground | Not Reported | Adult | 1 bird | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FONOFOS, TERBUFOS | no effect | reproductive parameters (reproductive success, clutch size, number of unhatched eggs, number of young fledged/nest) of nests located on edges of sprayed fields | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 60 treatment, 32 control nests | southwestern Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) | increased at 10, 100 ug/kg | hepatic microsomal cytP450 content | Not Reported | Hatchling | 6-10 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) | no effect | weight of brain, heart, liver and spleen versus controls | Not Reported | Hatchling | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | review | incidence of reproductive effects | Both Adults and Juveniles, Embryo | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
