Birds
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | no effect | body wt, hematocrit, hemoglobin, food consumption versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | 2.116 (@ 2 ppm), 19.510 (@ 20 ppm), 96.600 9@ 200 ppm) ppm, wet wt | mean Cd concentrations in liver after 90 d of treatment | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE | decreased @ 3 ppm | hatching success and 1 wk survival of hatchlings compared to controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10 females, 3 males/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 30 ppm (as Se-met or yeast) | food consumption compared to controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 day | Laboratory | |
| SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 30 ppm (as Se-met or yeast) | body weights compared to controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 day | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 10,25 ppm (as selenite), 10 ppm (as selenomethionine) | number of embryos showing malformations or embryotoxicity compared to controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 5-11 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 8, 16 ppm | incidence of malformed embyros compared to controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 5-11 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 32 ppm | body weight, liver DNA:RNA ratio, hematocrit compared to controls | Male | Adult | 10 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 yr | Laboratory | |
| SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 16, 32 ppm | hemoglobin concentration compared to controls | Male | Adult | 10 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PROPOXUR | 7.38 (5.97-9.14), 12.7 (10.2-15.9), 14.6 (12.4-17.4), 9.58 (7.61-12.1) | LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos | Laboratory | |
| PARATHION | 1.65 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 30 days | Laboratory | |
| DICROTOPHOS | 6.17 (3.33-11.4), 7.03 (5.30-9.31), 6.73 (5.53-8.19), 4.14 (3.33-5.16) | LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos | Laboratory | |
| PARATHION | 2.34 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE | increased in 2nd generation | food consumption versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 14 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE | decreased in 3rd generation | eggshell thickness versus controls | Female | Adult | 14 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PENTACHLOROPHENOL | no effect @ 423.2 ug/g | total body weight, compared to control; reported as the NOAEL for the study | Not Reported | Juvenile | 6/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 4 d | Laboratory | |
| PENTACHLOROPHENOL | 22.2 +/- 5.5 ug/g lipid, 30.7 +/- 10.3 ug/g liver, 11.0 +/- 0 ug/g muscle, 4.0 +/- 1.4 ug/g brain at 961 ug/g diet | mean +/- SD tissue concentrations at the reported LOAEL (development) | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4-6 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 4 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 18% decrease @ 40 mg/kg | eggshell index (shell weight/length x breadth), compared to control | Female | Adult | 18 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 38 ug/g wet weight egg (yolk + white), 1.20 ug/g wet weight egg shell gland mucosa @ 40 mg/kg | mean DDE concentrations | Female | Adult | 7-9 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID | increase @ 100, 400, 1600 ppm | plasma triglyceride concentration (21-42% increase, compared to controls) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory | |
| BORIC ACID | increase @ 1600 ppm | plasma calcium concentration (6-10% greater than controls) and brain acetylcholinestrase activity (umol/min/g) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COREXIT 9527 | no effect | body weight, compared to controls | Male | Adult | 6/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| FUEL OILS | increase @ 2.5, 4.0 ml/kg | susceptibility to Pasturella multocida estimated as % mortality 2-wks post-exposure to Pasturella multocida which was given on day 28 | Male | Adult | 9-32/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs) | increase @ 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg egg | embryonic mortality, compared to controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 22/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 5 d of incubation | Laboratory | |
| BENZO[k]FLUORANTHENE | increase @ 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg egg | embryo mortality, compared to controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 20/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 5 d of incubation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) | increased above 4.3 mg/kg bw | liver to body weight ratio versus controls | Not Reported | Adult | 4-5 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) | positive relationship | relation between liver to body weight ratio and dose | Male | Adult | 4-5 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254 | increased @ 250, 500 mg/kg bw | lymphocyte proliferation to PHA versus controls | Male | Adult | 6-12/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-2 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMAMECTIN BENZOATE | 20 ppm diet | no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), based on reduced feed consumption and weight gain | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 10 days | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | reduced @ 900 ppm B | egg weight, hatching success, egg fertility versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | reduced @ 7 ppm Se | body weight versus controls | Female | Adult | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | increased @ 828 ug/g | occurrence of lead poisoning signs versus controls | Male | Adult | 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 5 mo | Laboratory | |
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | 4.1(1.03) ppm in blood, 13(1.2) ppm in liver @ 954 ug/g, complete diet; 4.0(0.58) ppm in blood, 38(6.5) ppm in liver @ 869 ug/g, corn diet | mean (SE) wet wt Pb concentrations in blood and liver | Male | Adult | 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 7 mo | Laboratory | |
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | increased @ all doses | protoporphyrin levels in blood versus controls | Male | Adult | 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 5 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | no effect | body weight versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 10 ppm Hg | incidence of leg weakness versus controls | Male | Adult | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | 3.4(0.22) ppm @ 10 ppm Se; 5.2(0.44) ppm @ 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se | mean (SE) wet wt Se concentrations in brain | Male | Adult | 12/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | 17.9(1.06) ppm @ 10 ppm Hg; 14.1(0.74) ppm @ 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se | mean (SE) wet wt Hg concentrations in brain | Male | Adult | 12/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | no effect with Fe or Bi | egg weight, eggshell thickness, fertility, hatchability versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory | |
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | no effect with Fe or Bi | histopathology of kidney, liver, testis, heart, lung versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | decreased (60%) | blood ALAD activity versus controls | Male | Juvenile | 8 | Laboratory | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 months | Laboratory |
| LEAD (elemental) | increased | blood protoporphyrin levels versus controls | Male | Juvenile | 8 | Laboratory | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 months | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | increased | % cracked eggs versus controls | Female | Hatchling | 666-696, 620-664, and 317-602 for the 0, 10, and 40 ppm DDE groups | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DDE (4,4'-) | decreased | eggshell thickness versus controls | Female | Adult | 20-28, 21-25, and 10-23 for the 0, 10, and 40 ppm DDE groups | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDT (4,4'-) | no effect | Ca - ATPase activity in eggshell glands versus controls | Female | Adult | 5 hens; 19 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | no effect | plasma glucose, NEFA, urea, or uric acid versus controls | Male | Adult | 8 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 32 weeks | Laboratory | |
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased @ 10, 50 ug/g diet | liver cadmium concentration versus controls | Male | Adult | 8 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 32 weeks | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDT (4,4'-) | DDT <0.1, DDE 0.2 - 1.2 ug/g dry wt @ 0 ppm; DDT 0.6 - 2.4, DDE 1.2 - 10.1 @ 2 ppm; DDT 2.2 - 29.2, DDE 15.7 - 153.5 @ 20 ppm; DDT 14.9 - 102.0, DDE 45.0 - 187.0 @ 200 ppm | DDT and DDE concentrations in egg dry matter ranging from 0-14 d to 330 - 343 d sampling periods at 4 dietary doses | Female | Adult | 18/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | no differences | mean hematocrit values compared among lead, iron and bismuth dosed birds | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 males, 5 females per group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | 706 - 1,995 | steady state bioconcentration factor for lipid, calculated on a wet weight basis; range for 7 doses | Not Reported | Juvenile | 8-16/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d at initiation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | egg production during study period | Female | Adult | 5-10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | 6% decrease @ 10 ppm | eggshell thickness | Female | Adult | 18/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4,5-) | 106 lbs AI/acre (slope = 3.7) for exposure of 3d embryo; 116 lbs AI/acre (slope = 3.8) for exposure of 8d embryo | LC50 | Not Reported | Embryo | 30/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 or 8d of development | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FENTHION | 100% @ 5 mg/L | percent mortality | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4-5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 weeks old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHLORPYRIFOS | decreased @ all doses | food consumption compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLPARATHION | decreased if treatment initiated during egg laying | proportion of hens laying and number of eggs laid per hen compared to controls | Female | Adult | 12 pairs /group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIAZINON | decreased @ 15 (aqueous), 2.0 (oil) lb/acre | embryo weight by day 18 of incubation compared with controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Day 3 or 8 of incubation | Laboratory |
| Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| see citation tables | incidence of reduced growth and abnormal survivors for 42 compounds | Not Reported | Embryo | 30 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | incubation day 3-8 | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE | decrease | mean blood pressure, compared to baseline prior to exposure | Both Male and Female | Adult | 12 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VANADYL SULFATE | no effect | body weight and food consumption compared among groups | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | increase @ 5% | incidence of degeneration of kidney tubules | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 0-8 wks post-hatch | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | no effect | body weight versus controls | Male | Adult | 4/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYANIDE | no effect | rhodanese and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activities in liver and heart versus controls | Female | Adult | 5/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE | decreased @ all doses | embryo length or weight by incubation day 18 versus controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 or 8 days of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | increased with Pb/corn + Ca, Pb/corn only | blood protoporphyrin concentrations versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | treatment = 10/group control = 5 |
Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE, LEAD CHLORIDE | 67.8 (12.4) @ 10 ppm Cd; 371.8 (22.3) @ 100 ppm Cd; 3.4 (0.6) @ 100 ppm Pb; 201.0 (26.9) @ 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Pb (ug/g, dry wt) | mean (SE) Cd concentrations in kidney | Male | Juvenile | 6-8 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 128 d (at initiation) | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARSENATE, SODIUM | decreased @ 30, 100, 300 ppm | growth rate versus controls | Female | Juvenile | 30 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STEEL COMPOUNDS, TRIBUTYLTIN | increased with steel shot, wk 8 | overall response score (inflammation, muscle damage changes) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 20/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 wks | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE | decreased @ 3 ppm | duckling survival | Not Reported | Juvenile | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254 | no effect | reproductive success or nest attentiveness versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 22 pairs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | no effect | histological changes to nervous system, bones, feathers, feather follicles, claws and scaled skin versus controls | Male | Adult | 21/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | higher in P8 than in T19 and TF, and in T19 than in TF | maximum likelihood estimate of 2-week Pb exposure rate | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 50 birds/treatment | Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; Willows, CA (39deg29'N, 122deg20'W) | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Sacramento |
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1248, AROCLOR 1254, AROCLOR 1260, DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS | no effect | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 9 eggs | urban nest sites | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 1.89 (1.27-2.43) -6.96 (3.28-13.37) ppm, wet wt | annual mean (range) concentrations in eggs | Female | Adult | 3-6 eggs/year | Amchitka Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 7.5% decrease | eggshell thickness compared to "pre-pesticide" reference eggs | Female | Adult | 3-6 eggs/year | Amchitka Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERCURY (elemental) | 6.90-29.50 ppm, dry wt (females) 12.10 ppm, dry wt (males) |
concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 females, 1 male | Northern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 2.79 (3.10) ppm, dry wt | mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers | Not Reported | Juvenile | 3 nests | Southern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) | review | concentrations of chemicals in eggs and diet associated with mortality and eggshell thinning (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 13.1% and 13.6% decreases in tundrius and anatum ssp. | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 21 and 34 eggs for tundrius and anatum ssp. | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | 48% decrease at 625 mg/kg bw 27% decrease at 125 mg/kg bw 12% decrease at 25 mg/kg bw |
red blood cell hemoglobin content | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | 7.84 ppm femur at 120 ppm; 16.60 ppm femur at 212 ppm; 18.44 ppm femur at 448 ppm | mean lead concentration in femur | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8-14/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-2 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLPARATHION | decrease at 1, 2, 3 mg/kg bw | brain acetylcholinesterase activity 10 hr post-dose | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 1.37 (0.10 SE) mg/kg | mean DDE concentration in blood (wet wt) | Not Reported | Adult | 6 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FENTHION | 100% | Male | Adult | 14 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLUORIDE, SODIUM | increased at 1120, 2240 ppm | % bone ash | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 9-10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1262, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS | increased @ 0.5, 5 ppm | in vitro microsomal breakdown of oestradiol | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARAQUAT | 86% of control @ 25 mg/kg, 74% of control @ 60 mg/kg | body weight by 10 days of dosing | Not Reported | Juvenile | 11/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DICOFOL | decreased 5.45% (@ 5 mg/kg), 10.98% (@ 20 mg/kg) | eggshell thickness compared to controls | Female | Adult | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) | increased @ 2.3, 23, 233 ng/g | incidence of malformations or edema, and EROD activity versus controls | Not Reported | Hatchling | 24-26/treatment group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | hatchling | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | reduced @ 12 ppm Se | ratio of # fertile eggs to total # eggs laid versus 6 ppm Se group | Both Male and Female | Adult | 15 pairs/treatment group; 10 control pairs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION), DIMETHOATE, ENDOSULFAN, METHYLPARATHION, PARATHION, PERMETHRIN, THIRAM, ZIRAM | decreased in conventional orchards | hatching success | Not Reported | Nestling | 29 conventional nests | York Springs, Adams Co. | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | decreased | blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity | Not Reported | Not Reported | 5 birds | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254 | increased at 10, 40 ppm | length of courtship period | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | breeding | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALDRIN, DIELDRIN | <0.1 ppm aldrin, 3.8 ppm dieldrin, 0.3 ppm DDT and metabolites, wet wt | post-mortem whole body concentrations | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1 bird | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STRYCHNINE | increased | occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground | Not Reported | Adult | 1 bird | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | review | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIMETHOATE | 3.4 | weight loss (3.4 g over experiment period; controls gained 0.43 g) | g | Not Reported | Not Reported | 7 treated; 7 control | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | Laboratory |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) | observed at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg | edema | Not Reported | Hatchling | 6-10 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) | increased at 4.0 ug/kg egg | incidence of embryo mortality versus controls | Not Reported | Hatchling | 58-60/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | review | incidence of embryonic deformities, depressed growth | Embryo, Juvenile | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
