Birds

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Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Acute toxicity of certain insecticides to the bobwhite quail and mourning dove

Author(s)
Dahlen, James H.,and Arnold O. Haugen
Pages
477-481
Year
Issue
4
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ALDRIN 15-17 mg/kg median lethal dosage Not Reported Not Reported 21 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Radiocesium in mourning doves: Effects of a contaminated reservoir drawdown and risk to human consumers

Author(s)
Kennamer, Robert A., I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr., Clark D. McCreedy and Joanna Burger
Pages
497-508
Year
Issue
2
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CESIUM COMPOUNDS 0.24 (0.027 SE) Bq/g, wet weight (whole body)
0.30 (0.036 SE) Bq/g, wet weight (muscle) 		whole body and muscle concentrations of 137Cesium Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 27 doves Par Pond reservoir system, Savannah River Site Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of DDT spray on eggs and nestlings of birds

Author(s)
Mitchell, R.T.
Pages
192-194
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDT (4,4'-) no effect Not Reported Embryo 2 eggs Patuxent Research Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Long-term effects of 4-aminopyridine exposure to birds and fish

Author(s)
Schafer, E.W., Jr. and L.L. Marking
Pages
807-811
Year
Issue
4
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AMINOPYRIDINE (4-) 150 ppm dose at which 50% mortality was observed Not Reported Adult 7/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Histologic and ultrastructural lesions of mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) poisoned by lead shot

Author(s)
Kendall, Ronald J., Patrick F. Scanlon and Hugo P. Veit
Pages
952-956
Year
Issue
6
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) 1,297.57 ug/g, dry wt lead concentration in kidneys Not Reported Not Reported 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington state orchards

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J., Charles J. Henny, T. Earl Kaiser and Robert A. Grove
Pages
159-174
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ENDRIN brain=greater than or equal to 0.8 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported 1-3 animals Wenatchee Toxicity Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Is the operational use of strychnine to control ground squirrels detrimental to burrowing owls?

Author(s)
James, Paul C., Glen A. Fox and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
120-123
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
STRYCHNINE no effect number of young produced per nest attempt Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE decrease adult body weight Both Male and Female Adult 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE no effect chick mass index Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Heptachlor seed treatment contaminates hawks, owls, and eagles of Columbia Basin, Oregon

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and T. Earl Kaiser
Pages
41-48
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
HEPTACHLOR no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult 6 nests Columbia Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEPTACHLOR no effect mean clutch size Female Adult 6 nests Columbia Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets

Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris)

Citation:

The toxicity of p,p'-DDT to the clapper rail

Author(s)
Van Velzen, Aldeen and J.F. Kreitzer
Pages
305-309
Year
Issue
2
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) 1612 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) 1896 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Female Juvenile 4 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 13.3 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that survived Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 19.0 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that survived Female Juvenile 4 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 42.9 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that died Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 44.6 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that died Female Juvenile 4 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Some effects of aldrin-treated rice on gulf coast wildlife

Author(s)
Flickinger, Edward L. and Kirke A. King
Pages
706-727
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ALDRIN, DIELDRIN 6.1 ppm (brain), 10.7 ppm (body remainder) dieldrin, wet wt post-mortem concentrations Not Reported Not Reported 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Synergistic effects of Aroclor 1254 on the semen characteristics of American kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., P.H. Tucker, G.A. Fox and P.C. Lague
Pages
633-640
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
MIREX no effect sperm motility Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide-related mortalities of raptors and other birds in New York, 1982-1986.

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B. and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
429-438
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, MIREX, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to pesticide exposure based on history, ante-mortem signs, and gross pathology Not Reported Not Reported 8 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1946 museum speciments Female Adult 3 eggs south-central Montana Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biodeterioration of chlorophacinone in voles, hawks and an owl

Author(s)
Askham, L.R. and R.M. Poche
Pages
145-150
Year
Issue
1
Volume
56
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CHLOROPHACINONE 99 ug total carcass residues 28 d after removal from treatment Not Reported Adult 1 owl Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROPHACINONE no effect occurence of external bleeding or internal abnormalities after removal from treated diet Not Reported Adult 1 owl Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Case histories of bald eagles and other raptors killed by organophosporous insecticides topically applied to livestock

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Elizabeth J. Kolbe, Elwood F. Hill and Lawrence J. Blus
Pages
292-295
Year
Issue
2
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
FAMPHUR 85% decrease post-mortem brain cholinesterase activity compared to control Not Reported Not Reported 1 owl Malheur County Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Monitoring great horned owls for pesticide exposure in southcentral Iowa

Author(s)
Buck, Jeremy A., Larry W. Brewer, Michael J. Hooper, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
321-331
Year
Issue
2
Volume
60
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
TERBUFOS no effect occurence of pesticide metabolites in fecal-urate samples Not Reported Not Reported 29 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets
TERBUFOS decreased (>2 standard deviations of control mean) in 3 samples plasma cholinesterase activity after pesticide applications Not Reported Not Reported 6 samples Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Secondary poisoning of owls by anticoagulant rodenticides

Author(s)
Mendenhall, V.M. and L.F. Pank
Pages
311-315
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIPHACINONE 4.1-5.5 mg doses resulting in symptoms and death in 2/3 birds within 14 days Not Reported Adult 3 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIPHACINONE increased time to coagulation in blood sampled 3 days after treatment ended Not Reported Adult 3 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of strychnine on the behavior of great horned owls and red-tailed hawks

Author(s)
Cheney, Carl D., Stephen B. Vander Wall and Ruthe J. Poehlmann
Pages
103-110
Year
Issue
3
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
STRYCHNINE increased occurence of errors (compared with pre-test values) in a reversal learning test Not Reported Adult 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
STRYCHNINE increased occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground Not Reported Adult 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
STRYCHNINE increased occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground Not Reported Adult 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Productivity and survival of great horned owls exposed to dieldrin

Author(s)
Frank, Rosemary A. and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
331-339
Year
Volume
101
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN negative correlation relationship between residue in plasma and survival Not Reported Juvenile 6 birds (contaminated sites), 10 birds (uncontaminated sites) Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect productivity in contaminated versus uncontaminated sites Both Male and Female Adult 3-4 nests on contaminated sites; 5-9 nests on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect daily survival rates on uncontaminated versus contaminated sites Not Reported Adult 9 birds on contaminated sites; 11 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect daily and interval survival estimates on uncontaminated versus contaminated sites Not Reported Juvenile 14 birds on contaminated sites; 41 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of pesticides on owls in North America

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
198-206
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
ALDRIN, BRODIFACOUM, CARBOFURAN, CHLORDANE, DIELDRIN, ENDRIN, FAMPHUR, FENTHION, PHORATE, STRYCHNINE review summaries of mortality due to organochlorine, anticholinesterase, anticoagulant, strychnine pesticides Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington state orchards

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J., Charles J. Henny, T. Earl Kaiser and Robert A. Grove
Pages
159-174
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ENDRIN breast muscle=0.02 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported 1 animal Wenatchee Toxicity Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia), Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Effects of pesticides on owls in North America

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
198-206
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Location Type
CARBARYL, CARBOFURAN, DDE (4,4'-) review Toxicity Factor Datasets

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Effects of carbaryl grasshopper control on nesting killdeer in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M, Patricia L. Kennedy and Lowell C. McEwen
Pages
881-890
Year
Issue
5
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CARBARYL increased at 0.56 kg/ha (2, 8-9 d. post-spray) whole carcass concentration of carbaryl Not Reported Not Reported 8-9 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL no effect whole carcass lipid content Not Reported Not Reported 6-13 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL no effect brain acetylcholinesterase activity Not Reported Not Reported 6-13 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine residues in nesting killdeer, Charadrius vociferus, and their eggs in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M., Lowell C. McEwen and Patricia L. Kennedy
Pages
328-331
Year
Issue
3
Volume
108
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) no correlation with DDE residues in eggs eggshell thickness Female Adult 12 eggs McHenry and Billings Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Organochlorine pollutants and population status of least terns in South Carolina

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
62-71
Year
Issue
1
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 7% decrease eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 20 eggs Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Environmental contaminants in Canadian peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus: a toxicological assessment

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., David G. Noble, John E. Elliot, James D. Somers, and Gary Erickson
Pages
244-254
Year
Issue
2
Volume
104
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) review concentrations of chemicals in eggs and diet associated with mortality and eggshell thinning (various raptor species) Not Reported Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIELDRIN review concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIELDRIN review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced productivity (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) Not Reported Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE review concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
OXYCHLORDANE review concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
HEXACHLOROBENZENE review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
MERCURY COMPOUNDS review concentrations in brain and liver associated with mortality (various avian species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
MERCURY COMPOUNDS review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various avian species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Shell thinning in eggs of Ungava peregrines

Author(s)
Berger, Daniel D., Daniel W. Anderson, James D. Weaver, and Robert W. Risebrough
Pages
265-267
Year
Volume
84
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 12.7 +/- 8.7 ppm (wet wt), 253 +/- 160 ppm (lipid wt) mean (+/-SE) DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult 10 eggs Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDE (4,4'-) 21% decrease eggshell thickness compared to pre-1940 museum specimens Female Adult 21 eggs from 12 clutches Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

DDE residues and eggshell characteristics of reestablished peregrines in the eastern United States

Author(s)
Gilroy, Martin J., and John H. Barclay
Pages
403-411
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 12.1% percent eggshell thinning (as indicated by Ratcliffe Index) compared to pre-1947 eggs Not Reported Embryo 39 eggs Mid-Atlantic coastal and urban breeding sites Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorines and eggshell thinning in peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus eggs from the eastern United States

Author(s)
Burns, S.A., W.M. Jarman, T.J. Cade, L.F. Kiff and B.J. Walton
Pages
709-716
Publisher
Pica Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 11% decrease eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 112 eggs eastern U.S. coast Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thickness and contaminant analysis of reintroduced, urban nesting peregrine falcons in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Septon, Greg A., and Jim B. Marks
Pages
25-30
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AROCLOR 1248, AROCLOR 1254, AROCLOR 1260, DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 9 eggs urban nest sites Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorines in Alaskan peregrine falcon eggs and their current impact on productivity

Author(s)
Ambrose, Robert E., Charles J. Henny, Robin E. Hunter, and John A. Crawford
Pages
385-393
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 13.1% and 13.6% decreases in tundrius and anatum ssp. eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 21 and 34 eggs for tundrius and anatum ssp. Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thinning and DDE residue levels among peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus: A global perspective.

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., and Lloyd F. Kiff
Pages
200-204
Year
Issue
2
Volume
121
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) review eggshell thickness compared to that of pre-1945 eggs Female Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets GLOBAL
Citation:

The relative importance of DDE and dieldrin in the decline of peregrine falcon populations.

Author(s)
Nisbet, Ian C.T.
Pages
351-375
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DIELDRIN review mortality in conjunction with pesticide use and residues in birds Not Reported Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA, UNITED KINGDOM, USA
Citation:

Organochlorine residues in Alaskan peregrines

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., Tom J. Cade, Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
255-260
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 7.4-8.3% percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-1946 reference eggs Female Adult 3-7 eggs/year Amchitka Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 16.8-24.9% percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-1946 reference eggs Female Adult 3-11 eggs/year Colville, Yukon, Tanana Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Pollutants and eggshell thinning in peregrines and their prey in the Baja California region

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D., and M. Alan Jenkins
Pages
413-421
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 2.4-25.0 (DDE); 0.5-10.6 (PCBs); 0.2-4.2 (Hg) residues in eggs (ppm, wet wt) Female Adult 5 eggs (from 5 nests) Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS +2 to 16% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 5 eggs (from 5 nests) Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Long term trends and sources of organochlorine contamination in Canadian tundra peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus tundrius

Author(s)
Johnstone, Robin M., Gordon S. Court, Adrian C. Fesser, D. Mark Bradley, Lynn W. Oliphant, and James D. MacNeil
Pages
109-120
Year
Issue
2
Volume
93
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 8.31 (1.67-45.63; PCBs); 4.45 (0.76-28.05; DDE); 0.36 (0.05-1.80; dieldrin) geometric mean (range) residues in eggs, ppm, wet wt Female Adult 20 eggs Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 15% percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-DDT reference eggs Female Adult 20 eggs Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.12 (0-2.59; PCBs); 0.06 (0-2.70; DDE); ND (0-0.06; dieldrin) geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of nestlings Not Reported Juvenile 79 nestlings Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS males: 0.15 (0-3.27; PCBs); 0.31 (0.05-1.95; DDE); 0.03 (0-0.30; dieldrin)
females: 0.87 (0-6.82; PCBs); 0.63 (0-4.23; DDE); 0.04 (0-0.37; dieldrin) 		geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of adult birds Both Male and Female Adult 26 males, 34 females Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS liver: 1.58-59.45, PCBs; 0.99-18.84, DDE; 0.06-0.79, dieldrin
breast: 0.35-57.30, PCBs; 0.30-16.95, DDE; 0-0.19, dieldrin 		range of residues in liver and breast muscle (ppm, wet wt) of 22-31 day old nestlings found dead Not Reported Juvenile 7 birds Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Chlorinated hydrocarbons in peregrines and their prey species from northern Canada

Author(s)
Enderson, James H. and Daniel D. Berger
Pages
149-153
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE no effect number of viable eggs or young versus "normal" nest success Not Reported Juvenile 15 nests Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 0.9-7.2 (DDT); 10.4-41.8 (DDE); 0.9-3.4 (DDD); 0.3-2.0 (dieldrin); 0.2-1.2 (heptachlor epoxide) range of concentrations in eggs (ppm, wet wt) Female Adult 7 eggs Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 37.3 (DDT), 284 (DDE), 39.5 (DDD), 3.3 (dieldrin), 4.4 (heptachlor epoxide) mean residue concentrations in fat (ppm, wet wt) Female Adult 9 birds Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets nesting CANADA
Citation:

A toxicological assessment of peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus tundrius, breeding in the Keewatin District of the Northwest Territories, Canada

Author(s)
Court, G.S., C.C. Gates, D.A. Boag, J.D. MacNeil, D.M. Bradley, A.C. Fesser, J.R. Patterson, G.B. Stenhouse, and L.W. Oliphant
Pages
255-272
Year
Issue
2
Volume
104
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 15.8% mean eggshell thinning compared to "pre-pesticide" reference eggs Female Adult 78 eggs Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS log DDE in eggs = 0.9723 + 0.8506(log DDE in plasma); r = 0.66 log-log relationship between DDE in plasma of female birds and DDE in eggs Female Adult 10 females Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDE in a resident Aleutian Island peregrine population

Author(s)
White, Clayton M., William B. Emison, and Francis S.L. Williamson
Pages
306-311
Year
Volume
75
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 1.89 (1.27-2.43) -6.96 (3.28-13.37) ppm, wet wt annual mean (range) concentrations in eggs Female Adult 3-6 eggs/year Amchitka Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 7.5% decrease eggshell thickness compared to "pre-pesticide" reference eggs Female Adult 3-6 eggs/year Amchitka Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDE residues and eggshell changes in Alaskan falcons and hawks

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Jeffrey L. Lincer, and Clayton M. White
Pages
955-957
Year
Volume
172
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 21.7% decrease (tundra population); 16.8% decrease (taiga population); 7.5% decrease (Aleutian population) eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 23 eggs (tundra pop.); 14 eggs (taiga pop.); 11 eggs (Aleutian pop.) Colville River (tundra); Yukon River (taiga); Amchitka Island (Aleutian) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 48.0 (DDE), 3.35 (DDD), 1.02 (DDT), 1.45 (dieldrin) mean concentrations of pesticides in eggs (ppm, dry weight) Female Adult 2 eggs Yukon River Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 622.0 (DDE), 25.4 (DDD), 25.3 (DDT), 6.20 (dieldrin) mean concentrations of pesticides in fat (ppm, dry weight) Both Male and Female Adult 4 birds Yukon River Toxicity Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Pesticide residues in Arizona peregrine falcon eggs and prey

Author(s)
Ellis, D.H., L.R. Deweese, T.G. Grubb, L.F. Kiff, D.G. Smith, W. M. Jarman, and D.B. Peakall
Pages
57-64
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 6.4-33 ppm, dry wt range of concentrations in whole addled eggs Female Adult 5 eggs from 3 clutches Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 14.2% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 26 breeding attempts Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thinning and organochlorine residues in Rocky Mountain peregrines, Falco peregrinus, and their prey

Author(s)
Enderson, James H., Gerald R. Craig, William A. Burnham, and Daniel D. Berger
Pages
255-264
Year
Issue
3
Volume
96
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE negative correlation correlation of heptachlor epoxide concentration in eggs and eggshell thickness Female Adult 38 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 21:0.09 ratio of average concentration of DDE in eggs to average concentration of DDE in prey items Female Adult 12 prey species, pooled samples of 7-10 individuals Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorines and mercury in the eggs of British peregrines Falco peregrinus

Author(s)
Newton, I., J.A. Bogan, and M.B. Haas
Pages
353-376
Year
Volume
131
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
DDE (4,4'-) eggshell thickness index = 1.799 - 0.243(log DDE) linear regression of eggshell thickness index vs. log DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult 295 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets eggs were addled and/or deserted UNITED KINGDOM
MERCURY (elemental) brood size = 0.848 - 0.635(log DDE) - 0.271(log Hg) linear regression of brood size vs mercury and DDE concentrations in eggs Female Adult 60 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets UNITED KINGDOM
DDE (4,4'-) productivity = 1.412 - 0.724(log DDE) linear regression of productivity (mean number of young raised per pair) vs. log DDE concentration in eggs Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs Toxicity Factor Datasets UNITED KINGDOM
DDE (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 15 ppm DDE, 0.7 ppm heptachlor epoxide concentrations in eggs associated with population recovery Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 550 eggs from 469 clutches Toxicity Factor Datasets UNITED KINGDOM
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticides, chlorinated dioxins and furans, and PCBs in peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus eggs from the Kola Peninsula, Russia

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Sergei A. Ganusevich, F. Prescott Ward, and Ted R. Schwartz
Pages
739-749
Publisher
Pica Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 11.4% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-DDT reference eggs Female Adult 8 nests Kola Peninsula Toxicity Factor Datasets RUSSIA
Citation:

Mercury levels in feathers of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus compared with total mercury content in some of its prey species in Sweden

Author(s)
Lindberg, Peter, and Tjelvar Odsjo
Pages
297-318
Year
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
MERCURY (elemental) 2.80 - 10.60 ppm, dry wt (females)
3.70 - 8.95 ppm, dry wt (males) 		range of concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers Both Male and Female Adult 3 sample periods; 1-9 birds/sample period Southern Sweden Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
MERCURY (elemental) 6.90-29.50 ppm, dry wt (females)
12.10 ppm, dry wt (males) 		concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers Both Male and Female Adult 20 females, 1 male Northern Sweden Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
MERCURY (elemental) 2.79 (3.10) ppm, dry wt mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers Not Reported Juvenile 3 nests Southern Sweden Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
MERCURY (elemental) 8.31(2.59) ppm, dry wt mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers Not Reported Juvenile 3 nests Northern Sweden Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide contamination in three species of raptor and their prey in south Australia

Author(s)
Falkenberg, Ian D., Terry E. Dennis, and Brian D. Williams
Pages
163-173
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 16% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 13 eggs South Australia Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
Citation:

DDT and dieldrin: effects on resident peregrine falcon populations in south-eastern Australia

Author(s)
Olsen, Penny, Bill Emison, Nick Mooney, and Nigel Brothers
Pages
89-100
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) eggshell thickness index = 1.888 - 0.281(log DDE) linear regression of eggshell thickness index and DDE content of eggs Female Adult 137 eggs Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
DDE (4,4'-) productivity = 1.79 - 0.04(DDE) linear regression of productivity (number of young fledged per site) and DDE concentrations in eggs Both Male and Female Adult 9 eggs Tasmania Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
Citation:

Pesticide residues and shell thinning in eggs of peregrines in Norway

Author(s)
Nygard, Torgeir
Pages
161-166
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) review data correlating eggshell thinning and DDE concentrations in eggs Female Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets GLOBAL
Citation:

Eggshell thinning and organochlorine residues in eggs and prey of peregrine falcons from Victoria, Australia

Author(s)
Pruett-Jones, Stephen G., Clayton M. White, and William B. Emison
Pages
281-287
Year
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) no relation linear regression of eggshell thickness and DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult 35 eggs Victoria Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
Citation:

Analysis of peregrine falcon eggs in Ecuador

Author(s)
Jenny, J. Peter, William A. Burnham, Tjitte DeVries, Nancy Hilgert, and Fernando Ortiz
Pages
502
Year
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 2 eggs, 1 nest Toxicity Factor Datasets ECUADOR
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