California

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Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 6.0-6.2 mean number of nestlings raised per nesting pair per season (representing multiple broods per season) Both Male and Female Adult 43 pairs Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Time of Migration or Dispersal September period of departure for fall migration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Hormonal and physiological control of clutch size, egg size and egg shape in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana): constraints on the evolution of lizard life histories

Author(s)
Sinervo, Barry and Paul Licht
Pages
252-264
Year
Volume
257
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 6.3 average clutch size eggs/female Female Adult 35 Los Banos Creek, Billy Wright Road Exposure Factor Datasets Merced
Body Weight - Mean 0.42 average egg weight g Not Reported Embryo 12 Corral Hollow Road Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

The effect of habitat, time of hatching, and body size on the dispersal of hatchling Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Doughty, Paul and Barry Sinervo
Pages
485-490
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 88 #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Del Puerto Canyon Exposure Factor Datasets Stanislaus

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Multiple egg clutches in Hyla regilla, H. cinerea and H. gratiosa

Author(s)
Perrill, Stephen A. and Richard E. Daniel
Pages
513-516
Year
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 267.7 eggs/clutch Female Adult 40 San Diego Exposure Factor Datasets 128.7 SD

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Aboveground activity of Merriam's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) in relation to sex and reproduction

Author(s)
Behrends, Philip, Martin Daly, Margo I. Wilson
Pages
210-226
Year
Issue
3-4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean g Male Adult 10 Boyd Deep Canyon Reserve (elev., 300m) Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Comparative ecology of sympatric Dipodomys agilis and Dipodomys merriami in southern California

Author(s)
McClenaghan, Leroy R.
Pages
175-185
Year
Issue
14
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 8.3 mean length of life at study site mo Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Jacumba (elev., 988 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 32.6 g Female Adult 154 Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 4.1 SD

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Reproduction of the brush rabbit in California

Author(s)
Mossman, Archie S.
Pages
177-184
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 27 d Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa 3
Body Weight - Mean weight just prior to birth g Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate 2 g/d Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Brown pelicans in central and northern California

Author(s)
Briggs, Kenneth T., Wm. Breck Tyler, David B. Lewis, Paul R. Kelly and Donald A. Croll
Pages
353-373
Year
Issue
4
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 0.23 mean density at sea off central and northern coast birds/km^2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 years central and northern coast Exposure Factor Datasets 0.23 SE

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Home range, population structure, and spatial organization of California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Boellstorff, Diane E. and Donald H. Owings
Pages
551-561
Year
Issue
2
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Home Range 309.3 m2 Male Adult 21 Camp Ohlone [lat., 37^o29'N; long., 121^o45'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda breeding
Home Range 270 m2 Male Adult 12 Camp Ohlone [lat., 37^o29'N; long., 121^o45'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda postbreeding
Citation:

Natural history of the ground squirrels of California

Author(s)
Grinnel, J. and J.S. Dixon
Pages
597-708
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 1 litter/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size based on embryo counts young/litter Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A population study of the Beechey ground squirrel in central California

Author(s)
Evans, F. C. and R. Holdenried
Pages
231-260
Year
Issue
2
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Longevity 3+ oldest individuals recaptured yrs Male Adult 2 Calaveras Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Santa Clara
Citation:

The California Ground Squirrel

Author(s)
Linsdale, Jean M.
Pages
475
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Longevity 5 longest record of lifespan yrs Male Adult Not Reported Hastings Natural History Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Ecology of the California ground squirrel on grazing lands

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
559-596
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly mean weights over 4 yrs g Female Adult 5 - 58/mo San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Foraging chracteristics of female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursius) and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
Antonelis, George A., Brent S. Stewart and Wayne F. Perryman
Pages
150-158
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (65%); Pacific Whiting (52%); market squid (13%) % occurrence of most frequent prey in scats % Female Adult 23 animals Adams Cove, San Miguel Island [lat., 34^o01'55"N; long., 120^o26'25" W] Exposure Factor Datasets post-partum
Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus); I. Early postnatal growth

Author(s)
Boness, D. J., O. T. Oftedal,and K. A. Ono
Pages
173-179
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 8.2 mean weight, post el Nino 1984 kg Not Reported Neonate 16 neonates San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 3 days or less 0.229 SE
Body Weight - Mean 8.6 mean weight; 2 years post el Nino (1985) kg Not Reported Neonate 16 neonates San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 3 days or less 0.227 SE
Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) II: Milk intake

Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 9.09 kg Male Pup 7 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 5 d 0.112 SE
Citation:

Seasonal and annual variability in the diet of California Sea Lions Zalophus californianus at San Nicholas Island, California, 1981-86

Author(s)
Lowry, Mark S., Brent S. Stewart, Carolyn B. Heath, Pamela K. Yochem and John M. Francis
Pages
331-336
Year
Issue
2
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (50.6%); Pacific whiting (29.3%); jack mackerel (27.9%); rockfish (25.9%); Pacific mackerel (11.3%); unid. fishes (6.6%); market squid (21.9%); octopus (6.4%); squid, Onychoteuthis (4.7%); squid, Abraliopsis (2.2%); pelagic red crab (10.8%) % frequency of occurrence of major (>2%) prey in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 1232 scats San Nicholas Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes)

Citation:

Foraging behavior and foods of the light-footed clapper rail

Author(s)
Zembal, Richard and Jack M. Fancher
Pages
959-962
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition crabs, California horn snails, isopods, crayfish, decapods, beetles prey items in regurgitated pellets, in order of frequency of occurence Not Reported Adult 18 pellets upper Newport Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Dietary Composition amphipods, garden snails, crane flies, house mice, California voles unquantified dietary items identified in regurgitated pellets Not Reported Adult Not Reported upper Newport Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Livestock management and productivity of willow flycatchers in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Valentine, Bradley E., Thomas A. Roberts, Stephen P. Boland and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
105-114
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size range of clutch sizes eggs Female Adult 6 nests Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Hatching Success range of hatching success eggs/nest Not Reported Hatchling 6 nests Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July 15-August 13 dates on which first and last young fledged Both Male and Female Adult 11 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Microhabitat heterogeneity and population ecology of an herbivorous rodent, Microtus califonicus

Author(s)
Cockburn, A., and W. Z. Lidicker, Jr.
Pages
167-177
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean range of mean values for 4 grids over 3 yrs g Male Adult 1 - 20 Russell Reservation, Berkeley Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Body Weight - Mean range of mean values for 4 grids over 3 yrs g Male Adult 1 - 23 Russell Reservation, Berkeley Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa non-breeding
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Growth Rate change in body weight; instantaneous rate based on Brody 1945 %/d Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Richmond field station; Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Body Weight - Mean >40 g Male Adult Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Growth Rate change in body weight; instantaneous rate based on Brody 1945 %/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Richmond field station; Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets subadult Contra Costa
Citation:

Intraspecific litter size variation in Microtus californicus II. variation between populations

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
1174-1182
Year
Issue
6
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 20.4 median weight at sexual maturity g Female Adult 69 Orinda, Layfayette, Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Adaptations in movement patterns of two species of salt-marsh rodents

Author(s)
Fisler, George F.
Pages
96-103
Year
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported San Pablo salt marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Reproduction in a coastal California population of the field mouse, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Greenwald, Gilbert S.
Pages
421-466
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Longevity 1 maximum length of life in wild yr Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay, San Rafael Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Citation:

Measures of the movements and popultion densities of small rodents

Author(s)
Brant, Daniel H.
Pages
105-184
Year
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density see citation figure of seasonal changes in density #/acre Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Tilden Regional Park, Berkeley (elev. 600-1200 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

California Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis)

Citation:

Reproduction in the striped racer, Masticophis lateralis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
361-363
Year
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 7.21 based on oviducal egg count eggs/female Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, San Diego

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Apr time of arrival at breeding grounds Both Male and Female Adult 2 colonies Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Population status and trends of the California least tern

Author(s)
Fancher, Jack M.
Pages
59-66
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.69 statewide average annual fledging rate, 13 years fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 832-1708 nesting pairs/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Demography of a California least tern colony including effects of the 1982-83 El Nino

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W., David W. Bradley and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
976-983
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 0.88 overall survival rate for adults that have returned to breed once Not Reported Adult 82-165 breeding pairs/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)

Citation:

Natural history of the ground squirrels of California

Author(s)
Grinnel, J. and J.S. Dixon
Pages
597-708
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 154.5 g Female Adult 3 Exposure Factor Datasets

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Sept. - Mar. or Apr. Not Reported Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Temporal and spatial demographic patterns in Dipodomys stephensi from Riverside County, California

Author(s)
McClenaghan, Leroy R. Jr. and Ernest Taylor
Pages
636-645
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality range of minimum rate of survival of individuals in the trappable population per mo, measured over 19 mo at 3 sites Both Male and Female Juvenile 23-49 Lake Mathews [lat., 33^o50'N; long., 117^o27'30"W]; Motte Rimrock Reserve [lat., 33^o47'30"N; long., 117^o15'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o52'N; long., 117^o7'15"W] Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

An age-structured demographic model for endangered Stephens' kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Price, Mary V. and Patrick A. Kelly
Pages
810-821
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of monthly population densities at two sites #/ha Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Motte Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density birds/acre Not Reported Not Reported 23-67 birds counted Los Banos, Merced Exposure Factor Datasets Merced

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting April 18 to July 6 period between beginning of egg laying and observation of first fledgling for one year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 58.2 percent of clutches in which at least one egg hatched (over six years) % Not Reported Hatchling 189 nests Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal mid Jul to early Sep period of departure from the breeding area by migrants Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Food habits of coyotes, Canis latrans, in eastern Tehama county, California

Author(s)
Barrett, Reginald H.
Pages
184-192
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition rodents (27.7%); rabbits (2.9%); carnivores (1.1%); ungulates (28.5%); birds (2.4%); reptiles (1.2%); fish (0.3%); invertebrates (1.9%); vegetable matter (34.0%) annual average % relative frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 1042 scats Red Bluff Exposure Factor Datasets Tehama
Citation:

Food habits of the coyote in California

Author(s)
Ferrel, Carol M., Howard R. Leach and Daniel F. Tillotson
Pages
301-341
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition rodent (19.2%); deer (5.0%); other stock (12.4%); rabbit (41.5%); misc. (12.4%); sheep (6.6%); bird (2.1%); vegetation (0.8%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 94 eastern region Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote morphometric characteristics and mass dynamics in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L.
Pages
360-365
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 2.2 kg Female Pup 19 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.1 SE

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

Behavior of the bush-tit in the breeding season

Author(s)
Addicott, Alice B.
Pages
49-63
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis 14 age at which young left the nest d Not Reported Not Reported 1 brood Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition earthworm (1); sowbugs (14); amphipod (1); centipede (1); millipede (4); spiders (6); springtail (1); thysanuran (1); camel crickets (15); lepidopterous larva (1); dipteran (1); beetles (5); ant (1) number of each food item in stomachs # Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 27 Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 20.9 g Both Male and Female Adult 55 Anytown (elev., 400 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo 1.6 SE
Citation:

Density cycles in an island population of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drost, Charles A. and Gary M. Fellers
Pages
351-364
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 436 maximum density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Suaeda habitat,Santa Barbara Island [lat.,33^o29' N, long., 119^o02' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 63 SD

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Distribution and reproductive success of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus anatum) in California during 1975 and 1976

Author(s)
Thelander, Carl G.
Pages
13
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range for two sites over two yrs eggs/nest Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla), California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

Effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic development in Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla and Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Anzalone, Christopher R., Lee B. Kats and Malcolm S. Gordon
Pages
646-653
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition see citation figure of mean duration from fertilization to hatching in field enclosures Both Male and Female Embryo 8 replicates of 150 (frogs) or 16-12 (newts) embryos Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Molt May - September Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

A study and implications of habitat separation by sex of wintering American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Meyer, Ruthe Lashe and Thomas G. Balgooyen
Pages
107-123
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition invertebrates (157.5), reptiles (0), birds (272.4), mammals (221.8) amount of prey taken by prey weight g Male Adult 5 Hollister Basin (elev. 48-210 m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito, Santa Clara
Citation:

Predatory efficiency of American kestrels wintering in northwestern California

Author(s)
Collopy, Michael W.
Pages
25-31
Year
Issue
2
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition invertebrates (85.4%), vertebrates (14.6%) relative numbers of dietary items captured Not Reported Not Reported 24 birds Arcata Bottoms; pasture Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt
Citation:

A study of factors affecting nesting raptor populations in urban ares, Sacramento County, California - 1974

Author(s)
Vincenty, Joseph A., III
Pages
1-21
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report No. 74-5
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.2 fledging rate per successful nest fledglings per nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 17 American River; oak woodlands, grasslands, residential Exposure Factor Datasets Sacramento

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.24 mean dry stomach content mass g Female Adult 60 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.03 SE
Time of Mating/ Laying January, August-October annual reproductive peaks Female Adult 1085 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Mallard recruitment in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M. and Robert L. Jarvis
Pages
565-570
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 52 Survival rates, not mortality. % Female Juvenile Not Reported Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 7.8 SE
Citation:

Impacts of changing irrigation practices on waterfowl habitat use in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Barnum, D.A. and N.H. Euliss, Jr.
Pages
10-21
Year
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 0.07 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported evaporation ponds Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Citation:

A nesting study of ducks and coots on Tule Lake and Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuges

Author(s)
Miller, A.W. and B.D. Collins
Pages
17-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 91.4% Mean hatch success of successful nests Female Adult 178 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

The eastern bullfrog in California

Author(s)
Storer, Tracy I.
Pages
219-224
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity yr Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bullfrog food and growth at the San Joaquin Experimental Range, California

Author(s)
Cohen, Nathan W. and Walter E. Howard
Pages
223-225
Year
Volume
1958
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning time to complete from egg through metamorphosis mo Not Reported Not Reported 300 San Joaquin Experimental Range, O'Neals Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Reproduction in mountain and lowland populations of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
176-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
1974
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition Aug. Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported San Gabriel Mountains, Crystal Lake (elev., 1584 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 19 % Both Male and Female Adult 18 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology at two sites in Santa Clara county, California

Author(s)
Trulio, L.A.
Pages
63-64
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 78 percent of pairs hatching at least one chick % Both Male and Female Adult 9 pairs Shoreline Park Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Circannual rhythms of body weight in pallid bats

Author(s)
Beasley, Laura J., Kimberly M. Pelz and Irving Zucker
Pages
R955-R958
Year
Issue
6
Volume
246
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 32.6 g Male Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets Napa 0.9 SE
Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal mid-Oct. time of dispersal of summer roost colonies Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

San Joaquin kit fox: its distribution and abundance

Author(s)
Laughrin, Lyndal
Pages
20
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 1 estimated average density based on censuses and literature values fox/2.8 mi2 Both Male and Female Adult 108 dens Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density adult density #/260 ha Both Male and Female Adult 361 foxes Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Distribution and habitat requirements of the San Joaquin kit fox in the northern extreme of their range

Author(s)
Orloff, Susan, Frank Hall and Linda Spiegel
Pages
60-70
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Jerusalem crickets (1%), unident. reptiles (1%), unident. birds (1%), rabbits (5%), California ground squirrel (62%), pocket mice (5%), western harvest mice (10%), Peromyscus sp. (11%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 scats Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Changes in desert tortoise populations at four study sites in California

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., Lori L. Nicholson, Steve Juarez and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
60-80
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 2.2 annual mortality rate for subadults and adults from 1975 and 1982 %/yr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Colorado desert, Chemehuevi Wash and Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Desert tortoise (Mojave population) recovery plan

Author(s)
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Pages
73
Publisher
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Activity metabolism in the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Bennett, Albert F. and Todd T. Gleeson
Pages
65-76
Year
Issue
1
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of standard metabolic rate measured as resting oxygen consumption at various temperatures (20-40C) cc O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 31 Exposure Factor Datasets Orange, Riverside
Citation:

Seasonal changes in oxygen consumption and body composition of Scleporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Heusner, A.A. and E.W. Jameson, Jr.
Pages
363-372
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Metabolic Rate OC = 0.23(BW)^0.67 equation for relating resting oxygen consumption (OC; ml O2/hr) to body mass (BW; g) @ 25C ml O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 154 animals Sierra Nevada (elev., 150 and 1500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal, sexual and altitudinal variations in stomach content and ingested fat in Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr., A.A. Heusner and Donna Lem
Pages
255-261
Year
Issue
3
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 9.64 mean snout-vent length = 66.35mm g Male Not Reported 295 animals valley grassland (elev., 150m), central Sierra Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets 3.95SD

Northwestern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis)

Citation:

Home range in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis)

Author(s)
Davis, John and R. Glenn Ford
Pages
933-940
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition
Home Range 120.96 home range reported as minimum area probability (0.95 level); minimum area which will contain a given proportion (95%) of the total observations of the average individual m2 Male 23 animals Hastings Natural History Reservation, Carmel Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Monterey breeding

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Clemmys marmorata (western pond turtle) size

Author(s)
McKeown, Sean and Dan C. Holland
Pages
59
Year
Issue
2
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 854 maximum reported body weight g Male Adult 450 largest turtle found near Huron Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Notes on the range and life history of the Pacific fresh-water turtle, Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Storer, Tracy I.
Pages
429-441
Year
Issue
5
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean lb, oz Both Male and Female Adult 9 Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas formerly Bufo boreas)

Citation:

Interactions of temperature and steroids on larval growth, development and metamorphosis in a toad (Bufo boreas)

Author(s)
Hayes, Tyrone, Ruth Chan and Paul Licht
Pages
206-215
Year
Volume
266
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis May - June Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

The effects of dissolved O2 and CO2 on metabolism and gas-exchange partitioning in aquatic salamanders

Author(s)
Wakeman, John M. and Gordon R. Ultsch
Pages
348-359
Year
Issue
4
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean g Not Reported Adult Not Reported Berkeley Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Relationship of space use to population density in an herbivorus lizard

Author(s)
Alberts, Allison C.
Pages
469-479
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range minimum area versus probability estimate for 3 sites; estimate of area encompassing 95% of total space utilization m2 Male Adult Not Reported Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Life history of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Krekorian, C. O'Neil
Pages
415-424
Year
Issue
4
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in diet, field metabolic rate, and water flux in the herbivorous lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mautz, William J. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
640-658
Year
Issue
6
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Food Ingestion Rate estimated feeding rate to support energy expenditure measured in field mg dry food/g/d Not Reported Adult 7-11/time period Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Seasonal variation in weight-length relationships and fat body size in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Minnich, John E.
Pages
359-362
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1971
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean log weight = 0.017 SVL - 0.11 relationship between body weight (g) and snout-vent length (SVL, mm) g Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Palm Desert Exposure Factor Datasets

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Effect of drought on blunt-nosed leopard lizards (Gamelia sila)

Author(s)
Germano, David J., Daniel F. Williams and Walter Tordoff III
Pages
11-19
Year
Issue
1
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying May - June time of laying Female Adult Not Reported Elkhorn Plain (elev., 685-765m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity mo Male Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Citation:

Home range dynamics of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard

Author(s)
Horchar, Victor M.
Pages
61
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 437 average home range estimated using minimum convex polygon method (snout-vent length, 70+mm) m2 Female Adult 37 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 168 (95CI)

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

Ecology of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California

Author(s)
Fellers, Gary M. and Charles A. Drost
Pages
28-78
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Age at Sexual Maturity 2.9 yr Female Adult Not Reported Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2 SE
Citation:

Reproduction in the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R. and Robert L. Bezy
Pages
350-360
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Sept. Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported San Clemente, San Nicolas and Santa Barbara Islands Exposure Factor Datasets

Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. croceum)

Citation:

A comparison of the food habits of Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillaturm, Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum and Ambystoma tigrinum californiense

Author(s)
Anderson, James D.
Pages
273-284
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Cast skin (10.4%); Annelida (6.5%); Mollusca (7.8%); Chilopoda (3.9%); Isopoda (46.8%); Araneida (1.3%); Collembola (2.6%); Lepidoptera (2.6%); Diptera (2.6%); Orthoptera (6.5%); Coleoptera (14.2%); Unidentified (1.3%) % of total number of items in stomach contents % Not Reported Adult 38 Ellicott Pond Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. audubonii)

Citation:

Natural history observations on the Audubon cottontail

Author(s)
Ingles, Lloyd G.
Pages
227-250
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range up to 15 acres Male Adult 11 Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets
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