Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)

Stebbins, Robert C.

Year

Fri, 01/01/1954 - 12:00

Article Title

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Volume

Pages

47-124

Start Page Number

Final Page

124

Review

Datapoints

Displaying 1 - 16 of 16 datapoints.

Species: Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Description	Endpoint Value	Sample Size	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Specific Location	Range	California Counties	Type
Body Weight - Mean		6	9	g	Adult	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park	5 - 7	Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range	average distance moved between recaptures	17.3	13	ft	Adult	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park	2.5 - 63.7	Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation			Not Reported	mo	Adult	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park	4 - 5	Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range	average distance moved between recaptures	32.8	17	ft	Adult	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park	5.2 - 106.6	Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying	time of laying	late spring - early summer	Not Reported		Adult	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park		Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density	estimated maximum density		25	#/acre	Adult	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park	170 - 200	Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying	time of breeding	Oct. - Mar.	Not Reported		Adult	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park		Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density	estimated maximum density		Not Reported	#/acre	Both Adults and Juveniles	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park	600 - 700	Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition		fall - early winter	Not Reported		Embryo	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park		Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year		1	Not Reported	clutch/yr	Adult	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park		Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition	number of each food item in stomachs	sowbug (1); centipede (1); millipede (6); spiders (7); wood ticks (2); scavenger mite (1); solpugid (1); springtails (5); worker termites (15); hemipteran (1); fly (1); beetles (11); ants (2)	8	#	Both Adults and Juveniles	Madelia Canyon		Los Angeles	Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size	# large ovarian eggs/female	11	26	#/clutch	Adult	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park	8 - 17	Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate	figure of growth rates based on changes in snout-vent length	see citation	Not Reported		Juvenile	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park		Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity	range of oldest individuals recorded		3	yrs	Adult	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park	6 - 8	Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity			Not Reported	yrs	Adult	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park	3 - 4	Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition	number of each food item in stomachs	earthworm (1); sowbugs (14); amphipod (1); centipede (1); millipede (4); spiders (6); springtail (1); thysanuran (1); camel crickets (15); lepidopterous larva (1); dipteran (1); beetles (5); ant (1)	27	#	Both Adults and Juveniles	Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park		Contra Costa	Exposure Factor Datasets

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