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Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Malarial parasitism and home range and social status of male western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Schall, Jos. J. and Philip R. Houle
Pages
74-76
Year
Issue
1
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Home Range m2 Male Adult 24 Hopland Field Station (160 km N of San Francisco) Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Growth and size of the Western Fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Author(s)
Davis, John
Pages
721-731
Year
Volume
1967
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean BW = 2.72 - 0.21(SVL) + 0.0049(SVL)^2 equation relating body weight (BW; g) to snout-vent length (SVL; mm) g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 58 Hastings Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey non-breeding
Citation:

Activity metabolism in the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Bennett, Albert F. and Todd T. Gleeson
Pages
65-76
Year
Issue
1
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 13.1 g Not Reported Adult 65 Exposure Factor Datasets Orange, Riverside
Citation:

Seasonal, sexual and altitudinal variations in stomach content and ingested fat in Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr., A.A. Heusner and Donna Lem
Pages
255-261
Year
Issue
3
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate 245 estimated average stomach content fresh weight in a 15 g lizard mg Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported central Sierra Nevada (elev., 150m and 1500m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Breeding success of double-crested cormorants in the San Francisco Bay Area, California

Author(s)
Stenzel, Lynne E., Harry R. Carter, R. Philip Henderson, Steven D. Emslie, Mark J. Rauzon, Gary W. Page, and Patrick Y. O'Brien
Pages
216-224
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 76% proportion of nests in which at least one egg hatched Both Male and Female Hatchling 1056 nests San Francisco Bay estuary Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Notes on the range and life history of the Pacific fresh-water turtle, Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Storer, Tracy I.
Pages
429-441
Year
Issue
5
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying June - Aug. time of egg deposition Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Feeding ecology of the turtle, Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Bury, R. Bruce
Pages
515-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Algae (4.00); Other vegetation (0.50); Crustacea (5.55); Odonata nymphs (5.00); Ephemeroptera nymphs (2.91); Trichoptera larvae (7.40); Hemiptera nymphs (0.10); Hemiptera adults (0.10); Orthoptera adults (0.20); Coleoptera larvae (0.75); Coleoptera adults (0.10); Diptera larvae (9.15); Osteichthyes (10.90); Amphibia (7.80); Other (0.50) volume (cc) of food items in stomach contents determined by water displacement cc Male Adult 20 Hayfork Creek (elev., 750m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition Error Lab
Age at Sexual Maturity 17 years Both Male and Female Adult 23 Blue Lake,
75 long., 95 lat. 		Exposure Factor Datasets 2 years Alpine 0 Laboratory
Dietary Composition food Both Male and Female Adult 23 Blue Lake,
75 long., 95 lat. 		Exposure Factor Datasets 2 years Alpine breeding
Citation:

Density cycles in an island population of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drost, Charles A. and Gary M. Fellers
Pages
351-364
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 462 maximum density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Coreopsis habitat, Santa Barbara Island [lat., 33^o29'N; long., 119^o02'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 56 SD

Desert Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana ssp. stejnegeri)

Citation:

Movements and seasonal activity cycles of the lizard Uta stansburiana stejnegeri

Author(s)
Spoecker, Peter D.
Pages
484-494
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition July - Sept. Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported El Paso Mountains [lat., 35^o30'; long., 117^o40'] Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Life history of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Krekorian, C. O'Neil
Pages
415-424
Year
Issue
4
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 46 average annual survivorship estimated over 3 yrs % Not Reported 11-30 marked/yr Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets 19-22 mo Riverside
Survival/ Mortality 60 average annual survivorship estimated for 4 yrs % Both Male and Female Adult 5-38 marked/yr Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets > 31 mo Riverside
Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in diet, field metabolic rate, and water flux in the herbivorous lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mautz, William J. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
640-658
Year
Issue
6
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Metabolic Rate range of average field metabolic rates (measured using doubly-labeled water) over 3 time periods ml CO2/g/hr Not Reported Hatchling 7-9/time period Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Metabolic Rate 0.357 average field metabolic rate (measured using doubly-labeled water) ml CO2/g/hr Not Reported Juvenile 8 Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 0.024 SE
Citation:

Seasonal variation in weight-length relationships and fat body size in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Minnich, John E.
Pages
359-362
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1971
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean log weight = 0.011 SVL + 0.05 relationship between body weight (g) and snout-vent length (SVL, mm) g Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Palm Desert Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean log weight = 0.017 SVL - 0.22 relationship between body weight (g) and snout-vent length (SVL, mm) g Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Palm Desert Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relationship of space use to population density in an herbivorus lizard

Author(s)
Alberts, Allison C.
Pages
469-479
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range over 3 yrs at 3 sites #/ha Both Male and Female Adult 96 marked lizards Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Latitudinal variation in activity season mortality rates of the lizard Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Wilson, Byron S.
Pages
393-414
Year
Issue
4
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality range of early activity season (spring to summer) mortality rates measured over 2 yrs deaths/100 lizards/d Not Reported Adult 27-51/yr San Joaquin Valley (elev., 460m), [lat., 37^o38'N; long., 121^o29' W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin
Citation:

Hormonal and physiological control of clutch size, egg size and egg shape in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana): constraints on the evolution of lizard life histories

Author(s)
Sinervo, Barry and Paul Licht
Pages
252-264
Year
Volume
257
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4.3 average clutch size eggs/female Female Adult 27 Del Puerto Canyon Road Exposure Factor Datasets Stanislaus

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size range of average clutch size from 2 sites over 2 yrs eggs/clutch Female Adult 3-22 Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings
Age at Sexual Maturity 9 (occassionally 21) based on presence of oviductal eggs and breeding color mo Female Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Citation:

Effect of drought on blunt-nosed leopard lizards (Gamelia sila)

Author(s)
Germano, David J., Daniel F. Williams and Walter Tordoff III
Pages
11-19
Year
Issue
1
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of seasonal changes in body weight g Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Elkhorn Plain (elev., 685-765m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Citation:

Home range dynamics of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard

Author(s)
Horchar, Victor M.
Pages
61
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 270 average home range estimated using minimum convex polygon method (snout-vent length, 51-79mm) m2 Male Juvenile 20 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 58 (95CI)
Home Range 90 average home range estimated using minimum convex polygon method (snout-vent length, 0-50mm) m2 Male Hatchling 9 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 58 (95CI)

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

Ecology of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California

Author(s)
Fellers, Gary M. and Charles A. Drost
Pages
28-78
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean BW = -0.26 + 0.000028(SVL)^3 lizard body weight (BW; g) as an exponential function of snout-vent length (SVL,mm) g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 792 Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets non-pregnant
Age at Sexual Maturity 2.5 yr Male Adult Not Reported Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2 SE
Citation:

Reproduction in the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R. and Robert L. Bezy
Pages
350-360
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity yr Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Clemente, San Nicolas and Santa Barbara Islands Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14 wks Not Reported Embryo Not Reported San Clemente, San Nicolas and Santa Barbara Islands Exposure Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 64.5 proportion of attempted nests that fledged at least one young % Both Male and Female Adult 220 nests Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Multiple egg clutches in Hyla regilla, H. cinerea and H. gratiosa

Author(s)
Perrill, Stephen A. and Richard E. Daniel
Pages
513-516
Year
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year estimated by number of times a female was found in amplexus with palpable eggs clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported San Diego Exposure Factor Datasets

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Consumption of primary production by a population of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) in the Mojave desert

Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
357-376
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition seeds (75%); leaves (20%); flowers (3%); stems (1%); arthropods (1%) % by weight of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 172 Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 1 yr Male Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Reproduction of the brush rabbit in California

Author(s)
Mossman, Archie S.
Pages
177-184
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - May time of mating Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.6 #/acre Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Distribution and relative abundance of snakes along a transect in California

Author(s)
Sullivan, Brian K.
Pages
247-248
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of abundance along a transect crossing 3 habitat types #/km Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Corral Hollow Road (elev. 91 - 488 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, San Joaquin

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Brown pelicans in central and northern California

Author(s)
Briggs, Kenneth T., Wm. Breck Tyler, David B. Lewis, Paul R. Kelly and Donald A. Croll
Pages
353-373
Year
Issue
4
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal early to mid-summer time of northward movement from southern breeding areas Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 years northern and central coast Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Home range, population structure, and spatial organization of California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Boellstorff, Diane E. and Donald H. Owings
Pages
551-561
Year
Issue
2
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range range of means for 2 yrs m2 Male Adult 11/yr Camp Ohlone [lat., 37^o29'N; long., 121^o45'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

Natural history of the ground squirrels of California

Author(s)
Grinnel, J. and J.S. Dixon
Pages
597-708
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 20 #/acre Not Reported Not Reported 3 counts Walnut Creek Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

A population study of the Beechey ground squirrel in central California

Author(s)
Evans, F. C. and R. Holdenried
Pages
231-260
Year
Issue
2
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean g Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Santa Clara
Citation:

The California Ground Squirrel

Author(s)
Linsdale, Jean M.
Pages
475
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 7.5 estimated from embryo or embryo scar counts young/litter Female Adult 40 Hastings Natural History Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Foraging chracteristics of female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursius) and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
Antonelis, George A., Brent S. Stewart and Wayne F. Perryman
Pages
150-158
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Foraging Distance 54.2 km Female Adult 9 Adams Cove, San Miguel Island [lat., 34^o01'55"N; long., 120^o26'25" W] Exposure Factor Datasets post-partum 32.4 SD
Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus); I. Early postnatal growth

Author(s)
Boness, D. J., O. T. Oftedal,and K. A. Ono
Pages
173-179
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 8.1 mean weight; El Nino 1983 kg Not Reported Neonate 31 neonates San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 3 days or less 0.163 SE
Citation:

California sea lion mortality: Natural or artifact

Author(s)
Brownell, R. L. and B.J. LeBoeuf
Pages
287-305
Publisher
Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1 pup/litter Female Adult Not Reported San Miguel Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius)

Citation:

Status review of the riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-22
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year review reported 3-4 litters per season (data source not specified) Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Notes on the food of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Moffitt, James
Pages
270-273
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Modiolus demissus (56.5%), Lycosidae (15%), Macoma balthica (7.6%), Hemigrapsis oregonensis (3.2%), Hyanassa obsoleta (2%), Spartina leiantha (14.55%) Volumetric percentage of food items in stomach contents Not Reported Not Reported 18 stomachs San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Spatial structuring and dispersal in a high density population of the California vole Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Heske, Edward J.
Pages
137-148
Year
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Home Range 68 estimated by minimum area polygon m2 Female Adult Not Reported Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.3 mean; dry season pups/litter Female Adult 6 Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 1.1 (95%CI)
Body Weight - Mean <25 g Both Male and Female Juvenile Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Intraspecific litter size variation in Microtus californicus II. variation between populations

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
1174-1182
Year
Issue
6
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 24.4 median weight at sexual maturity g Female Adult 30 Sea Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Sonoma
Citation:

Reproduction in a coastal California population of the field mouse, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Greenwald, Gilbert S.
Pages
421-466
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 2 wks Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported San Francisco Bay, San Rafael Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Citation:

Demographic changes in fluctuating populations of Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Krebs, Charles J.
Pages
239-273
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly means at 3 locations g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 9-169/mo and site Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets

San Francisco Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. tetrataenia)

Citation:

Mating aggregations of garter snakes

Author(s)
Fox, Wade
Pages
176
Year
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Oct. - Nov. Both Male and Female Adult 2 mating masses San Francisco Peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets San Mateo

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 3 wk Female Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo
Citation:

Daily and seasonal patterns of activity and energetics in a heteromyid rodent commuinity

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J.
Pages
1201-1219
Year
Issue
6
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights measured multiple times in individuals g Both Male and Female Not Reported 6 individuals Owens Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Distribution and abundance of snowy plovers wintering in the interior of California and adjacent states

Author(s)
Shuford, David W., Gary W. Page and Catherine M. Hickey
Pages
82-98
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal early to late March timing of first influx of spring migrants to interior breeding areas Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Status and breeding biology of the snowy plover charadrius alexandrius in California

Author(s)
Page, Gary W. and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
38-39
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.0 number of young fledged per successful brood fledglings/brood Not Reported Fledgling 35 nests Point Reyes Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 92.7 percent of 16 day old chicks that fledged % Not Reported Juvenile 124 birds Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Second wave nesting of the California least tern: age composition and reproductive success

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W. and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
596-605
Year
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 age of birds nesting for the first time yr Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Demography of a California least tern colony including effects of the 1982-83 El Nino

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W., David W. Bradley and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
976-983
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Longevity 13 age of oldest banded breeding birds yr Not Reported Adult 40-105 birds/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition June 30 time by which first eggs hatched Both Male and Female Adult 11 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

Flock size, composition, and behavior in a population of bushtits (Psaltriparus minimus)

Author(s)
Ervin, Stephen
Pages
97-191
Year
Issue
2
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Foraging Distance See figure figure showing mapping of approximate ranges of two flocks during one season Both Male and Female Not Reported 2 flocks University of California campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara nonbreeding
Citation:

Behavior of the bush-tit in the breeding season

Author(s)
Addicott, Alice B.
Pages
49-63
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean range of individual body weights g Not Reported Hatchling 2 birds Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Patterns of growth and movements in a population of Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis (caudata: plethodontidae) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Staub, N.L., C.W. Brown and D.B. Wake
Pages
593-599
Year
Issue
4
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.092 change in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) mm/d Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras USA 0.0071

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Foraging Distance up to several hundred yards maximum observed distance travelled by birds from the nest Both Male and Female Adult 32 pairs (1 yr) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Food habits of coyotes, Canis latrans, in eastern Tehama county, California

Author(s)
Barrett, Reginald H.
Pages
184-192
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 0.5 #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Red Bluff Exposure Factor Datasets Tehama
Citation:

Food habits of the coyote in California

Author(s)
Ferrel, Carol M., Howard R. Leach and Daniel F. Tillotson
Pages
301-341
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition rodent (24.5%); deer (11.4%); other stock (12.1%); rabbit (22.9%); misc. (10.5%); sheep (9.7%); bird (3.4%); vegetation (5.5%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 813 inland Sierra region Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote morphometric characteristics and mass dynamics in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L.
Pages
360-365
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 10.1 kg Female Adult 5 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2 yr Kern 1.1 SE

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Comparison of food habits of Ensatina eschscholtzii and Aneides lugubris

Author(s)
Zweifel, Richard G.
Pages
285-287
Year
Volume
1949
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition sow bugs (42%); centipedes (42%); spiders (60%); springtails (47%); beetles (36%); caterpillars (5%); ants (13%) % of stomach containing food item % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 45 Dixie Canyon Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Comparative studies on the distribution and foods of plethodontid salamanders in the redwood region of northern California

Author(s)
Bury, R.B. and M. Martin
Pages
331-335
Year
Issue
4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Collembola (68%); Coleoptera adults (49%); Coleoptera larvae (11%); Diptera adults (14%); Diptera larvae (16%); Hymenoptera (22%); Acarina (19%); Araneae (57%); Diplopoda (38%); Isopoda (32%) % frequency of major food items % Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 37 1-2 mi WSW of Pepperwood, Humboldt Co. Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

An age-structured demographic model for endangered Stephens' kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Price, Mary V. and Patrick A. Kelly
Pages
810-821
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 mo Female Adult Not Reported Motte Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris)

Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 15.6-27.4 (brackish marsh), 9.1-20.5 (altered brackish marsh) breeding population densities pairs/ha Both Male and Female Adult 11 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

Effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic development in Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla and Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Anzalone, Christopher R., Lee B. Kats and Malcolm S. Gordon
Pages
646-653
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size #/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

Seasonal oxygen metabolism and cutaneous osmoregulation in the California newt, Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Harlow, Henry J.
Pages
231-236
Year
Issue
3
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 9.7 g Male Adult Not Reported Trabuco, Holy Jim and Harding Canyons Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying late May - June entire laying period Female Adult Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

A study and implications of habitat separation by sex of wintering American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Meyer, Ruthe Lashe and Thomas G. Balgooyen
Pages
107-123
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition invertebrates (173.8), reptiles (23.0), birds (481.0), mammals (609.5) amount of prey taken by prey weight g Female Adult 5 Hollister Basin (elev. 48-210 m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito, Santa Clara
Citation:

Raptor movements in California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H.
Pages
313-323
Publisher
Hawk Migration Association of North America
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal February (peak) period of spring migration of individuals fledged in northern CA, or at high elevations Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported throughout state Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The hunting behavior of American kestrels: Applications of foraging theory

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri Gale
Pages
64
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition mammal (82%), insect (16%), other (2%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult 116 pellets agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.19 mean dry stomach content mass g Male Adult 55 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.02 SE
Population Density 1500 #/ha Both Male and Female Not Reported Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (elev., 1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Mallard recruitment in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M. and Robert L. Jarvis
Pages
565-570
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 59 Survival rates, not mortality. % Female Adult Not Reported Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 3.4 SE
Citation:

Impacts of changing irrigation practices on waterfowl habitat use in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Barnum, D.A. and N.H. Euliss, Jr.
Pages
10-21
Year
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Female Not Reported Not Reported preirrigated croplands Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Citation:

A nesting study of ducks and coots on Tule Lake and Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuges

Author(s)
Miller, A.W. and B.D. Collins
Pages
17-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 8.9 mean clutch size of successful nests eggs Female Adult 178 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, in the lower Colorado River, Arizona-California

Author(s)
Clarkson, Robert W. and James C. deVos, Jr.
Pages
42-49
Year
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition crayfish (24%), wolf spiders (36%), long horned earwigs (20%), sowbugs (25%), german cockroaches (14%), crickets (16%), vascular plants (36%), inorganic material (12%), other animals (10%) % frequency of occurence in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 100 lower Colorado River between Laguna and Morelos Dams Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Reproduction in mountain and lowland populations of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
176-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
1974
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition July Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Puente Hills, Whittier (elev., 150 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Trends in the winter distribution and abundance of burrowing owls in North America

Author(s)
James, Paul C. and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
1224-1225
Year
Issue
4
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 7.8 based on Christmas bird counts 1954-1986 per 1,000 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets 2.3 (SD)
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 70 % Both Male and Female Juvenile 40 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology at two sites in Santa Clara county, California

Author(s)
Trulio, L.A.
Pages
63-64
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean number of chicks per nest chicks/nest Both Male and Female Adult 11 pairs Moffett Air Force Base Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Metabolic strategies of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus) during reproduction

Author(s)
Beasley, Laura J. and Michael Leon
Pages
159-166
Year
Issue
1
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Metabolic Rate see citation no values reported; see paper for figures Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 Napa Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Napa
Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Torpor or Hibernation late Mar.-early Apr. end of winter dormancy period Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

San Joaquin kit fox: its distribution and abundance

Author(s)
Laughrin, Lyndal
Pages
20
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density denning density den/28 ha - 1 den/37 ha Both Male and Female Adult 1010 dens Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Functional and numerical responses of kit foxes to a short-term decline in mammalian prey

Author(s)
White, Patrick J., Callie A. Vanderbilt White and Katherine Ralls
Pages
370-376
Year
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition deer mice (10.8%), kangaroo rats (8.4%), pocket gophers (2.9%), pocket mice (20.0%), woodrats (0.6%), ground squirrels (6.4%), birds (7.5%), insects (33.5%), leporids (4.7%), reptiles (2.0%), percentage occurrence of prey types in feces % Both Male and Female Adult 834 feces Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Distribution and habitat requirements of the San Joaquin kit fox in the northern extreme of their range

Author(s)
Orloff, Susan, Frank Hall and Linda Spiegel
Pages
60-70
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Jerusalem crickets (27%), unident. birds (2%), rabbits (3%), California ground squirrel (35%), pocket mice (2%), western harvest mice (17%), Peromyscus sp. (13%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 scats Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Changes in desert tortoise populations at four study sites in California

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., Lori L. Nicholson, Steve Juarez and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
60-80
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of 95% confidence intervals #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2 yrs Colorado desert, Chemehuevi Wash and Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Desert tortoise (Mojave population) recovery plan

Author(s)
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Pages
73
Publisher
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Northwestern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis)

Citation:

Home range in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis)

Author(s)
Davis, John and R. Glenn Ford
Pages
933-940
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Home Range 19.64 home range reported as minimum area probability (0.95 level); minimum area which will contain a given proportion (95%) of the total observations of the average individual m2 Female Juvenile 103 animals Hastings Natural History Reservation, Carmel Valley Exposure Factor Datasets < 1yr Monterey

California Toad (Anaxyrus boreas ssp. halophilus formerly Bufo boreas ssp. halophilus)

Citation:

Food habits of western toads (Bufo boreas halophilus) foraging from a residential lawn

Author(s)
Barrentine, Carl D
Pages
84 - 87
Year
Issue
3
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Isopoda (31.23%); Diplopoda (0.66%); Arachnida (2.14%); Orthoptera (0.35%); Dermaptera (2.65%); Coleoptera (54.06%); Lepidoptera (2.67%); Diptera (0.04%); Hymenoptera (5.92%); Unknown insects (0.3%) % occurrence in fecal pellets examined % Not Reported Adult 320 fecal pellets/ 6 animals residential lawn, Bakersfield [lat., 35^o21'N; long., 119^o09'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
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