California
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. audubonii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | 19 | longest life span recorded | mo | Both Male and Female | Adult | 29 | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 6.7 | young/litter | Female | Adult | 26 | University of California, Santa Cruz Campus ( elev., 120 m) [lat., 37^0W; long., 122^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Cruz | primiparous | 0.3 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 6.25 | young/litter | Female | Adult | 8 litters | Calaveras Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Santa Clara |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Torpor or Hibernation | July - Dec. | months of estivation | Female | Adult | 128 | University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Cruz |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - Mar. | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Cruz |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 6.09 | based on embryo and placental scar counts | young/litter | Female | Adult | 148 | Davis and Dixon | Exposure Factor Datasets | Solano, Yolo |
California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | daily energy intake estimated from milk intake; range of means for 2 yrs | kcal/d | Male | Pup | 5-9/yr | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 mo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 10-18 | range of % mortality during the first 2 mo of life; estimated over 3 yrs | % | Female | Pup | 2679 pups | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-2 mo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | 107.5 | daily weight gain during 1st mo of life | g/d | Male | Pup | 4 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5-30 d | 5.74 SE |
Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | review | reported gestation period was 27 d (data source unspecified) | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Vole (Microtus californicus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 25 | d | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Brooks Island, San Francisco Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | .739 | minimum survival rate per 2 wks | Female | Adult | 7 breeding seasons (6 populations pooled) | Berkeley | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding season |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | range in home range (minimum area probability, 0.95) over 2 yrs | m2 | Male | Adult | 4-7/yr | Richmond Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | see citation | figure of seasonal changes in density | #/acre | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Sea Ranch | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sonoma |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | range of minimum # alive in 8 areas at 103 weekly intervals | #/acre | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 41 | g | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 160 | Kyburz Flat | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sierra |
Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Ground squirrel (44.3%); Woodrat (29.5%); Cottontail (19.7%); Quail egg (8.4%); Pocket gopher (6.4%); Mouse (4.4%); Meadow mouse (3.4%); Fence lizard (1.5%); Kangaroo rat (1.3%); Pocket mouse (0.6%); Broad-shouldered lizard (0.4%) | % of total food items recovered from stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 72 food items | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat (total or %) | range of 4 seasonal means of fat content (% live weight) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 20-42/season | Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | range of mean home range in 3 study periods estimated by radiotelemetry | ha | Male | Adult | 8-11 | Boyde Deep Canyon Reserve (elev., 300m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 39.62 | asymptotic body weight of juveniles at 15 days of age | g | Not Reported | Fledgling | 8 birds | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | 0.73 2SE |
Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 5.2 | young/litter | Female | Adult | 4 | Kesterson | Exposure Factor Datasets | Merced |
Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | June - Sept. | time when reproductively active | Both Male and Female | Adult | 65 | New Chicago Marsh, San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fresno Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides ssp. exilis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | range of average population density in 2 habitat types | #/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | 11-18/habitat type | Pixley National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Tulare |
Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | range of median maximum distance moved based on monthly live trapping capture data at 2 sites | m | Male | Juvenile | 17-59 | Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | 7 | average increase in body weight | g/d | Not Reported | Nestling | 2 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.743 | minimum annual survival rate of marked individuals (2 years and both sexes pooled) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 101 birds | Monterey Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey |
Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 7.6 (fall), 15.4 (winter), 2.2 (spring) | mean population density | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | 5 seasons censused | Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore | Exposure Factor Datasets | Marin |
Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 21 | percent of active nests that fledged at least one young | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 14 nests | various CA locations | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Coyote (Canis latrans)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mammals (28.9%; cottontail rabbit, 12.1%, Botta's pocket gopher, 6.8%); birds (15.9%); vegetation (21.7%); misc. (16.7%) | % frequency of occurrence of items in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 97 scats | El Cajon, near San Diego | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mule deer (3%); small mammals (30%); birds (6%); reptiles (6%); insects (8%); fruits (64%); other (4%) | % frequency of food items in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 216 | Sierra National Forest (elev. 300 -3900 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Fresno |
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 9 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Clara |
San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. mearnsi)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 2.33 | mean number of fledglings produced per successful nest | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Fledgling | 29 nests | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.34 SD |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | monthly % volume of food items (detailed species-specific list) in feces | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 15-47/mo | Irvine Ranch | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 8.2 | eggs/pair/year | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | breeding |
Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 17.3 | average distance moved between recaptures | ft | Female | Adult | 13 | Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. rubidus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Plant matter: Abronia or Cakile (16%); Fragaria seeds (1.5%); plant shoots (1%); Animal matter: Orchestoidea (3%); Diptera (3%); Staphylinid beetles (1.5%); aphids (1%); centipedes (1.5%); unidentified arthropod chitin (16%); unidentified arthropod viscera (56%) | % food item volume in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 30 | Samoa | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | < 50 | maximum distance moved by individuals in one trap night | m | Not Reported | Not Reported | 219 | Owens Valley (1,220 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Inyo |
California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii formerly Rana aurora ssp. draytonii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | mo | Both Male and Female | Tadpole | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 160 | estimated amount fresh food consumed during first year of life (average body mass = 35 g) | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | Not Reported | Fort Irwin National Training Center, Barstow | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 yr | San Bernardino |
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