California

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Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 3 estimated average brood size young/clutch Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation observed range of incubation periods d Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality see citation figure of seasonal changes in minimum survival rate %/28d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Dietary Composition grass heads (72.6%); grass leaves (4.2%); grass stems (2.0%); grass roots (0.4%); Forb leaves (15.4%); Forb stems (2.6%); Forb roots (2.0%); vole hair (0.8%) composition of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 500 items/10 voles Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Body Fat (total or %) see citation figure of seasonal changes in body fat content g/g dry lean wt Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Dispersion patterns of mice in California annual grassland

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
239-250
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of seasonal changes in density #/acre Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Grass Valley Regional Park Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

Social organization and space use in Califonia voles: seasonal, sexual, and age-specific strategies

Author(s)
Salvioni, M. and W. Z. Lidicker
Pages
426-438
Year
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of low and high density yrs Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Ecology of the California ground squirrel on grazing lands

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
559-596
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Feb. Both Male and Female Adult San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 100 weight of young at first appearance above ground g Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality % tagged young surviving to following year to become breeding adults; range over 3 yrs % Both Male and Female Juvenile 321 - 339/yr San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The annual cycle of the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Tomich, P. Quentin
Pages
213-282
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 528 referred to as "young males" g Male Juvenile 124 Davis and Dixon Exposure Factor Datasets Solano, Yolo 208.7
Body Weight - Mean 373 referred to as "young females" g Female Juvenile 115 Davis and Dixon Exposure Factor Datasets Solano, Yolo 150.5
Citation:

A population study of the Beechey ground squirrel in central California

Author(s)
Evans, F. C. and R. Holdenried
Pages
231-260
Year
Issue
2
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Molt May Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Santa Clara
Citation:

Patterns of progesterone secretion in free-living California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, K.E., S. Nunes and F. Talamantes
Pages
1051-1059
Year
Issue
5
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28-30 d Female Adult 128 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.64 number of chicks fledged per successful brood (for one year) fledglings/brood Not Reported Fledgling 22 nests Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Clutches or Litters per year 2 number of clutches laid by 30 out of 81 total nesting females clutches/yr Female Adult 81 nesting females Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 72.6 percent annual survival % Female Adult 73 birds Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Aspects of the occurrence of shorebirds on a central California estuary

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel and Claire M. Wolfe
Pages
15-32
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 1.9 (fall), 3.4 (winter), 1.1 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 5 seasons censused Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore Exposure Factor Datasets Marin

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Endangered status and strategies for conservation of the least Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) in California

Author(s)
Franzreb, Kathleen E.
Pages
43-49
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review historical and recent population data Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate review reproductive success data Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Coyote movements in Sagehen Creek basin, northeastern California

Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Pages
154-161
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean lbs Both Male and Female Juvenile 47 Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diets of three predators at Concord Naval Weapons Station, Contra Costa County, California

Author(s)
Kuenzi, Amy J., Marylisa Lynch, Dirk Van Vuren, Ivette Loredo and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
64-67
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (67%); Microtus californicus (45%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (12%); Thomomys bottae (2%); Birds (5%); Seeds and berries (19%); Herbaceous vegetation (43%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (24%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 42 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Coyote food habits in Sagehen Creek basin, northeastern California

Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Pages
4-12
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mule deer (35.2%); cattle (11.5%); sheep (3.7%); coyote (2.9%); Microtus sp. (47.7%); Thomomys sp. (6.8%); Lepus americanus (4.4%); Marmota flaviventris (3.9%); Citellus lateralis (3.9%); Erethizon dorsatum (3.7%); song birds (3.7%); other insects (4.7%); pine and fir needles (19%); grass (17.6%); other vegetable matter (8.7%) % of scats containing food item % Both Male and Female Adult 384 scats Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee Exposure Factor Datasets

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Least tern foraging ecology at three major California breeding colonies

Author(s)
Atwood, Jonathon L. and Dennis E. Minsky
Pages
57-72
Year
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Foraging Distance foraging distance from nesting sites mi Not Reported Adult 10-11 surveys/site Venice Beach, Huntington Beach, Santa Margarita River Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, Orange
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Jul timing of post-fledging dispersal Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Santa Margarita River Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Status of the least tern at Camp Pendleton, California

Author(s)
Swickard, Deane K.
Pages
49-58
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success proportion of eggs hatched of total eggs laid over 2 years % Not Reported Hatchling 419-734 eggs Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Survival/ Mortality estimated annual mortality rate for two years based on juvenile censuses % Not Reported Juvenile 92-195 birds counted Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 22 most frequent incubation period, 2 years d Not Reported Embryo 41 clutches Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

Adaptations and speciation of harvest mice of the marshes of San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Fisler, George F.
Pages
1-98
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.72 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay marshes Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) and the Montezuma Power Plant site

Author(s)
Shellhammer, H.S.
Pages
27-32
Year
Volume
1979
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density #/ha Not Reported Not Reported 32 Collinsville Exposure Factor Datasets Solano

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Estimating the distribution and abundance of a cryptic species, Dipodomys stephensi (Rodentia: Heteromyidae), and implications for management

Author(s)
Price, M.V. and P.R. Endo
Pages
293-301
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Population Density range of densities estimated over 2 yrs #/ha Not Reported Not Reported 320 - 640 trap nights San Jacinto Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Feb. - Mar. Riverside
Citation:

Distances moved by Stephens' kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi Merriam) and implications for conservation

Author(s)
Price, Mary V., Patrick A. Kelly and Ross L. Goldingay
Pages
929-939
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range range of median maximum distance moved based on monthly live trapping capture data at 2 sites m Male Adult 97 - 121 Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Niche relationships of Dipodomys agilis and D. stephensi: two sympatric kangaroo rats of similar size

Author(s)
Price, Mary V., William S. Longland and Ross L. Goldingay
Pages
172-186
Year
Volume
126
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 62.2 g Not Reported Not Reported 40 Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Effects of the 1982-1983 El Nino on several population parameters and diet of California sea lions on the Califonia channel islands

Author(s)
DeLong, R. L., G.A. Antonelis, C.W. Oliver, B.S. Stewart, M.S. Lowry and P.K. Yochem
Pages
166-172
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation figure of % occurrence of prey items in scats % Female Adult 73 - 283 San Miguel and San Clemente Islands Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Studies on the biology of the California sea lion and the northern elephant seal on San Nicolas Island, California

Author(s)
Odell, Daniel Keith
Pages
p.147
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Time of Mating/ Laying June/July Both Male and Female Adult not reported San Nicolas Island, CA Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) II: Milk intake

Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 144.1 daily weight gain during 1st mo of life g/d Male Pup 7 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 5-30 d 16.13 SE
Citation:

Milk and energy intakes of suckling California Sea Lions (Z. californicus) pups in relation to sex, growth and predicted maintenance requirements

Author(s)
Oftedal, Olav T., Sara J. Iverson and Daryl J. Boness
Pages
560-575
Year
Issue
5
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Fat (total or %) 18.7 % Male Pup 1 San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets 3 mo
Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus); I. Early postnatal growth

Author(s)
Boness, D. J., O. T. Oftedal,and K. A. Ono
Pages
173-179
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 0.125 post el Nino 1984 kg/d Not Reported Pup 32 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0-2 months 0.007SE
Citation:

Population abundance, pup mortality, and copulation frequency in the California sea lion in relation to the 1983 El Nino on San Nicolas Island

Author(s)
Francis, J. M. and C. B. Heath
Pages
271-288
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May - Aug. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows Part II: Density, Age Structure, and Maintanance

Author(s)
Johnston, Richard F.
Pages
254-272
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 8-10 pairs/acre Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Clutch or Litter Size 3.14 eggs/nest Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

An eleven-year summary of mourning dove observations in the west

Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.87 average number of fledglings per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 185 successful nests near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Food habits of the mourning dove in California

Author(s)
Browning, Bruce M.
Pages
91-115
Year
Issue
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, wheat, California poppy, barley, red maids, Napa thistle, miner's lettuce, prostrate pigweed principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 183 crops inner coast mountains Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Oct. - Mar. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Valley Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. fitchi)

Citation:

Intrapopulation variation in ecological energetics of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis, with analysis of the precision of doubly labeled water measurements

Author(s)
Peterson, Charles C., B. Michael Walton and Albert F. Bennett
Pages
333-349
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Food Ingestion Rate 14 average % of their body mass in frogs ingested per day, estimated from field metabolic rate % Both Male and Female Adult 72 Eagle Lake (elev., 1800 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 11.32 based on embryo count eggs/litter Female Adult 22 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.98

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Microhabitat segregation in two desert rodent species: the relation of prey availability to diet

Author(s)
Harris, John H.
Pages
417-421
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition ARTHROPODS (84-89% total) - Lepidoptera larvae (11-14); Coleoptera (4-11); June Beetles (54-75); Jerusalum crickets (0-13); Ants (0-1); Orthoptera (1-4); Spiders (1); Lygaeid bugs (0-1); Scorpions (0-1); Solfugids (0-1); Diptera (2-4); GREEN VEGETATION (0% total); SEEDS (11-16% total). % weight of prey in fecal pellets; range of mean values over 2 yrs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 25-31 Mono Lake (elev. 2000m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Reproduction of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus and P. boylei) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Jameson, Jr., E.W.
Pages
44-58
Year
Issue
1
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity based on presence of swollen tubules of cauda epididymides and enlarged seminal vesicles, ages inferred from body weights d Male Adult 1546 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500-5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets Plumas
Citation:

Dispersion patterns of mice in California annual grassland

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
239-250
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of seasonal changes in density #/acre Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Grass Valley Regional Park Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Growth Rate y = 7.77 + 7.44x growth rate from day 3-16 Female Nestling Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight of sparrow hawks in California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H.
Pages
17-19
Year
Issue
2
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 119.8 mean body weight measured over 4 years g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 111 coastal southern CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0.9 SE
Citation:

An analysis of the population dynamics of selected avian species with special reference to changes during the modern pesticide era

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J.
Pages
23-28
Publisher
United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.602 mortality rate estimate for banded individuals Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 118 throughout USA and Canada Exposure Factor Datasets 0.035 SD

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Autumn movement and home range of sea otters in California

Author(s)
Ribic, Christine A.
Pages
795-801
Year
Issue
3
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Home Range 5.6 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult 9 Santa Cruz to San Luis Obispo Exposure Factor Datasets Residents 1.9 SD

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.24 mean dry stomach content mass g Male Adult 121 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.02 SE

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Survival of radio-marked mallard ducklings in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
82-87
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 0.181 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method Not Reported Chick 36 Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 10 days
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 56 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Female Adult not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Temporal and geographic estimates of survival and recovery rates for the mallard, 1950 through 1985.

Author(s)
Chu, D.S. and J.B. Hestbeck
Pages
57
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 20
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.6279 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 Male Adult 18,289 Northern California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.009 (SE)
Citation:

Production of mallards on irrigated land in the Sacramento Valley

Author(s)
Earl, John P.
Pages
23
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Territory Size 70 mean length of drainage ditch (5 ft wide) defended yd Male Adult 8 ducks Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)

Citation:

An altitudinal survey of reproduction in Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Dunmire, William W.
Pages
174-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.06 potential litter size estimated using the larger of corpora lutea count or embryo sites #/litter Female Adult 72 White Mountain (elev., 9,800 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono 0.16 SE

Northwestern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis)

Citation:

The times of mating and oviposition of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis

Author(s)
Davis, John
Pages
102
Year
Issue
1
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition July - Sept. time when hatchlings appeared at study site Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Hastings Reservation, Carmel Valley (elev., 550m) Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Home range in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis)

Author(s)
Davis, John and R. Glenn Ford
Pages
933-940
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition
Home Range 76.50 home range reported as minimum area probability (0.95 level); minimum area which will contain a given proportion (95%) of the total observations of the average individual m2 Female 37 animals Hastings Natural History Reservation, Carmel Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Monterey nonbreeding

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Reproduction in mountain and lowland populations of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
176-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
1974
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Nov.-Feb. Not Reported Adult Not Reported Puente Hills, Whittier (elev., 150 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, in the lower Colorado River, Arizona-California

Author(s)
Clarkson, Robert W. and James C. deVos, Jr.
Pages
42-49
Year
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning time to metamorphosis from first breeding clutch mo Not Reported Tadpole Not Reported lower Colorado River between Laguna and Morelos Dams Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Molt Jul (begin) Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Aspects of the ecology of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in Joshua Tree National Monument, Pinto Basin, Riverside County, California

Author(s)
Barrow, John
Pages
105-131
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean maximum carapace length range = 161 - 243 mm kg Female Adult 18 South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

The distribution and abundance of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) on the Chocolate Mountains Aerial Gunnery Range

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., A. Peter Woodman, Lori L. Nicholson and Betty L. Burge
Pages
47-65
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density population density ranges in % of area (605 mi2) surveyed #/mi2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Chocolate Mountains Aerial Gunnery Range Exposure Factor Datasets

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean 34.7 g Female Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo late pregnancy

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly averages (Jan.-Dec.) lbs Female Adult 1-5 foxes/month Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition early February Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Distribution and habitat requirements of the San Joaquin kit fox in the northern extreme of their range

Author(s)
Orloff, Susan, Frank Hall and Linda Spiegel
Pages
60-70
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 80 % Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 foxes Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Energy expenditure in free-ranging lizards

Author(s)
Bennett, Albert F. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
697-700
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 11.9 g Both Male and Female Adult 11 Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets 0.6SE
Citation:

Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations of Sceloporus occidentalis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguandidae)

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr. and Allen Allison
Pages
211-220
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 59 d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported yellow pine forest, central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal, sexual and altitudinal variations in stomach content and ingested fat in Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr., A.A. Heusner and Donna Lem
Pages
255-261
Year
Issue
3
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 8.61 average snout-vent length = 62.67 mm g Female Not Reported 184 animals yellow pine forest (elev., 1500m), central Sierra Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets 4.26SD
Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.50 eggs/clutch Female Adult 8 "lowland" habitat Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.53

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California clapper rail in South San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Harvey, Thomas E.
Pages
98-104
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 24.2 mean incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 5 nests south San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

A study of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Zucca, Joseph J.
Pages
135-153
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting April beginning of nesting Not Reported Not Reported 1 marsh Dumbarton Bridge Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets San Francisco

California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii formerly Rana aurora ssp. draytonii)

Citation:

Diet and feeding behavior of the California red-legged frog, Rana aurora draytonii

Author(s)
Hayes, Marc P. and Michele R. Tennant
Pages
601-605
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition see citation occurrence of 48 items (species) in digestive tracts Not Reported Not Reported 31 frogs Canada de la Gaviota and collections at California State Polytechnic University Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Santa Barbara

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Seasonal water and energy metabolism of the desert dwelling kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A. and M.J. Gruchacz
Pages
1461-1478
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Metabolic Rate 2.00 field metabolic rate estimated from doubly labeled water L CO2/d Not Reported Not Reported 4-9 per mo/15 mo Kelso Sand Dunes (elev., 830-840 m) [lat., 34^o53'30"N, long., 115^o40'20"W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 0.45 SD
Citation:

Consumption of herbaceaous vegetation and water during reproduction and development of Merriam's Kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
445-457
Year
Issue
2
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Fat (total or %) see citation figure of seasonal changes in % body fat % Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

The reproductive cycle in Taricha torosa (Triturus torosus)

Author(s)
Miller, Malcom R. and Marilyn E. Robbins
Pages
415-445
Year
Volume
125
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Body Weight - Mean range of means from 5 sampling dates g Male Adult 2-10/sampling date Palo Alto Exposure Factor Datasets mature gonads

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Relationship of space use to population density in an herbivorus lizard

Author(s)
Alberts, Allison C.
Pages
469-479
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean range of averages for 3 sites g Female Adult Not Reported Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Population density of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis (Reptilia: Iguanidae) in southern California

Author(s)
Krekorian, C. O'Neil
Pages
268-271
Year
Issue
1
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 450 #/ha Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 45 lizards/10 quadrants (100m2) Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Reproduction in the desert lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mayhew, Wilbur W.
Pages
57-77
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutch/yr Female Adult Not Reported Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino
Citation:

The ecology of the desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Norris, Kenneth S.
Pages
265-287
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Aug. Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in diet, field metabolic rate, and water flux in the herbivorous lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mautz, William J. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
640-658
Year
Issue
6
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Growth Rate g/d Not Reported Hatchling 5 - 52/sampling time Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Reproductive parameters of Pacific pond turtles Clemmys marmorata in the streams on the coast of central California

Author(s)
Scott, Norman J., Jr., Galen B. Rathbun, Thomas G. Murphey and Margaret B. Harker
Publisher
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year range of average number of clutches/yr clutches/yr Female Adult 81 clutches Arroyo Laguna, Little Pico Creek, Pico Creek and San Simeon Creek Exposure Factor Datasets

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying May - July time of laying Female Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Citation:

Home range dynamics of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard

Author(s)
Horchar, Victor M.
Pages
61
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Nov. - Mar. Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

Ecology of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California

Author(s)
Fellers, Gary M. and Charles A. Drost
Pages
28-78
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 0.046 increase in snout-vent length (40-50 mm size class) mm/d Not Reported Not Reported Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 yr 0.003 SE
Citation:

Ecology and energetics of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on San Clemente Island, California

Author(s)
Mautz, William J.
Pages
417-428
Publisher
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 1458 #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 120 marked animals San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets 103 SE

Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Citation:

Relationship between cover availability and larval pacific giant salamander density

Author(s)
Parker, Michael S.
Pages
355-357
Year
Issue
3
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of population density estimates #/m2 Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Caspar Creek Exposure Factor Datasets Mendocino

Southern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. sigillatum)

Citation:

A comparison of the food habits of Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillaturm, Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum and Ambystoma tigrinum californiense

Author(s)
Anderson, James D.
Pages
273-284
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Dietary Composition Mollusca (2.7%); Cladocera (36.7%); Copepoda (20.8%); Ostracoda (11.5%); Hydracarina (0.4%); Chironomidae (17.9%); Mosquitoes (5.1%); Coleoptera (2.1); Trichoptera (0.3) and Unidentified (0.14%) % of total number of items in stomach contents % Not Reported Juvenile 60 Mosquito Lakes (elev., 8050 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets larvae Alpine

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Movements and daily activity patterns of a brown pelican in Central California

Author(s)
Croll, Donald A., Lisa T. Ballance, Bernd G. Wursig and Wm. Breck Tyler
Pages
258-260
Year
Volume
88
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Foraging Distance distance travelled by radiotagged bird km/day Not Reported Juvenile 1 bird south Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Observations of the growth of young brush rabbits

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
298-302
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 25.5 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Golden Gate Park, San Francisco Exposure Factor Datasets 3 d

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. audubonii)

Citation:

Natural history observations on the Audubon cottontail

Author(s)
Ingles, Lloyd G.
Pages
227-250
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 839 g Male Adult 16 observations from 7 animals Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 75% hatching success among total eggs laid Both Male and Female Hatchling 8 nests Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 24/31 total number of eggs hatched relative to estimate of total eggs laid eggs hatched/eggs laid Not Reported Nestling 11 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra

San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows part I. Environment and annual cycle

Author(s)
Johnston, Richard F.
Pages
24-44
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying late Feb/Mar-June Not Reported San Pablo Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.75 pups/litter Female Adult 16 Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 0.77 SD

San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. mearnsi)

Citation:

Opportunistic foraging behavior of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Scott, Thomas A. and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
186-193
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Mollusca (0.00), Crustacea (0.27), Arachnida (0.14), Insecta (14.77), Reptilia (53.29), Mammalia (27.66), Aves (3.86) percent of total prey found in pellets by biomass % Not Reported Not Reported 1238 pellets San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets
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