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Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Coyote movements in Sagehen Creek basin, northeastern California

Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Pages
154-161
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 24.25 lbs Male Adult 28 Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 21.5 lbs Female Adult 26 Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote morphometric characteristics and mass dynamics in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L.
Pages
360-365
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 2.5 kg Male Pup 19 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 12.1 kg Male Adult 82 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2yr Kern 0.2 SE
Citation:

Diets of three predators at Concord Naval Weapons Station, Contra Costa County, California

Author(s)
Kuenzi, Amy J., Marylisa Lynch, Dirk Van Vuren, Ivette Loredo and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
64-67
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (57%); Microtus californicus (19%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (29%); Thomomys bottae (19%); Birds (5%); Insects (10%); Seeds and berries (10%); Herbaceous vegetation (14%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 21 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (43%); Microtus californicus (61%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (30%); Lepus californicus (43%); Thomomys bottae (9%); Insects (13%); Seeds and berries (4%); Herbaceous vegetation (35%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (9%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 23 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Competetive interactions between coyotes and San Joaquin kit foxes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L. and Kenneth A. Spencer
Pages
204-214
Year
Issue
1
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Survival/ Mortality 61.0 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years % Not Reported Adult 306 foxes Naval Petroleum Reserves in California Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 5.2 SE
Survival/ Mortality 79.8 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years % Not Reported Juvenile 177 foxes Naval Petroleum Reserves in California Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 4.5 SE
Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly averages (Jan.-Dec.) lbs Male Adult 1-4 foxes/month Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying December time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Distribution and habitat requirements of the San Joaquin kit fox in the northern extreme of their range

Author(s)
Orloff, Susan, Frank Hall and Linda Spiegel
Pages
60-70
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition unident. vegetation (4%), California ground squirrel (83%), California pocket mice (2%), Peromyscus sp. (5%), unident. cricetid rodents (5%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 scats Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Status of the least tern at Camp Pendleton, California

Author(s)
Swickard, Deane K.
Pages
49-58
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Aug-Sep timing of departure from breeding areas Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 4 nesting areas, 2 years Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Clutch or Litter Size range of average clutch sizes over 2 years eggs/clutch Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 230-336 nests Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Demography of a California least tern colony including effects of the 1982-83 El Nino

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W., David W. Bradley and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
976-983
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Longevity 9.63 expected number of breeding years per adult bird yr Not Reported Adult 372 birds Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles 6.55-14.48 95% CI
Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 2 most frequent clutch size, 2 years Female Adult 96 nests Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

Adaptations in movement patterns of two species of salt-marsh rodents

Author(s)
Fisler, George F.
Pages
96-103
Year
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range range of average maximum distance between captures for groups recaptured 2-9 times m Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported San Pablo salt marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Adaptations and speciation of harvest mice of the marshes of San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Fisler, George F.
Pages
1-98
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Mar. - Nov. breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay marshes Exposure Factor Datasets

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

An age-structured demographic model for endangered Stephens' kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Price, Mary V. and Patrick A. Kelly
Pages
810-821
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 2.67 young/litter Female Adult 6 Motte Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Longevity 19 maximum time of persistence at site mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Motte Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Temporal and spatial demographic patterns in Dipodomys stephensi from Riverside County, California

Author(s)
McClenaghan, Leroy R. Jr. and Ernest Taylor
Pages
636-645
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 36.1 average density over 19 mo study #/ha Both Male and Female Not Reported 125 Lake Mathews [lat., 33^o50'N; long., 117^o27'30"W] Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

The annual cycle of the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Tomich, P. Quentin
Pages
213-282
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 677 g Male Adult 61 Davis and Dixon Exposure Factor Datasets Solano, Yolo 113.5
Body Weight - Mean 516 g Female Adult 112 Davis and Dixon Exposure Factor Datasets Solano, Yolo 104.5
Citation:

Ecology of the California ground squirrel on grazing lands

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
559-596
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 2.3 five year average #/acre Both Male and Female Adult 275 San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate range of total food weight for observed individuals g dry wt/d Both Male and Female Adult 6 San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hibernation and sociality in the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Dobson, F. Stephen and David E. Davis
Pages
416-421
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 9-10 mo Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Santa Barbara; Bell Ranch; Hastings Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Natural history of the ground squirrels of California

Author(s)
Grinnel, J. and J.S. Dixon
Pages
597-708
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 5 yrs Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Reproduction in a coastal California population of the field mouse, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Greenwald, Gilbert S.
Pages
421-466
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean g Male Not Reported Not Reported San Francisco Bay, San Rafael Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Body Weight - Mean g Female Not Reported Not Reported San Francisco Bay, San Rafael Exposure Factor Datasets Marin non-pregnant
Citation:

Microhabitat heterogeneity and population ecology of an herbivorous rodent, Microtus califonicus

Author(s)
Cockburn, A., and W. Z. Lidicker, Jr.
Pages
167-177
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean range of mean values for 4 grids over 3 yrs g Female Adult 1 - 24 Russell Reservation, Berkeley Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa non-breeding
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Dietary Composition grass heads (1.3%); grass leaves (78.9%); grass stems (9.2%); grass roots (0.3%); Forb leaves (9.3%);
Forb stems (0.4%); Forb roots (0.1%); Vole hair (0.4%) 		composition of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 750 items/15 voles Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Body Weight - Mean g Female Both Adults and Juveniles Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets subadult Contra Costa

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

An eleven-year summary of mourning dove observations in the west

Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 55.2% percent of nests in which at least one egg hatched % Both Male and Female Adult 335 nest attempts near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Hatching Success 67.1% percent of eggs laid that hatched % Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Food habits of the mourning dove in California

Author(s)
Browning, Bruce M.
Pages
91-115
Year
Issue
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition safflower, milo, turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, California poppy, rice, sunflower, wheat, corn principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 192 crops southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Impact of agroforestry plantations grown with agricultural drainwater on avian abundance in the San Joaquin Valley

Author(s)
Kelly, Troy D., Andrew R. Dyer and David L. Chesemore
Pages
97-103
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of nesting densities on agroforestry plots Both Male and Female Adult 6 plots San Joaquin Valley Agroforestry Demonstration Project Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno, Kings

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation mo Female Adult Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Time of Mating/ Laying late spring - early summer time of laying Female Adult Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Studies on the biology of the California sea lion and the northern elephant seal on San Nicolas Island, California

Author(s)
Odell, Daniel Keith
Pages
p.147
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Territory Size 130 m2 Male Adult 24-25 males San Nicolas Island, CA Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Time of Hatching or Parturition May/June Not Reported Pup 127 pups San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) II: Milk intake

Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 10.32 kg Male Pup 7 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 30 d 0.715 SE
Citation:

Milk and energy intakes of suckling California Sea Lions (Z. californicus) pups in relation to sex, growth and predicted maintenance requirements

Author(s)
Oftedal, Olav T., Sara J. Iverson and Daryl J. Boness
Pages
560-575
Year
Issue
5
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Food Ingestion Rate 609 daily milk intake g/d Female Pup 19 San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 mo 24.0 SE
Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus); I. Early postnatal growth

Author(s)
Boness, D. J., O. T. Oftedal,and K. A. Ono
Pages
173-179
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 0.101 pups 0-2 months old; El Nino 1983; kg/d Not Reported Pup 30 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0-2 months 0.007 SE

Valley Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. fitchi)

Citation:

Intrapopulation variation in ecological energetics of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis, with analysis of the precision of doubly labeled water measurements

Author(s)
Peterson, Charles C., B. Michael Walton and Albert F. Bennett
Pages
333-349
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Metabolic Rate 9.18 field metabolic rate ml CO2/g/d Both Male and Female Adult 72 Eagle Lake (elev., 1800 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Growth Rate 3.1 average increase in % of mean body mass per day % Both Male and Female Adult 78 Eagle Lake (elev., 1800 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Microhabitat segregation in two desert rodent species: the relation of prey availability to diet

Author(s)
Harris, John H.
Pages
417-421
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition ARTHROPODS (81% total) - Lepidoptera larvae (91); Coleoptera (6); June beetles (0); Jerusalum crickets (1); Ants (1); Orthoptera (0); Spiders (1); Lygaeid bugs (0); Scorpions (0); Solfugids (0); Diptera (1);GREEN VEGETATION (19% total); SEEDS (0% total). % weight of prey in fecal pellets % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 40 Mono Lake (elev., 2000m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Dietary Composition ARTHROPODS (84-89% total) - Lepidoptera larvae (11-14); Coleoptera (4-11); June Beetles (54-75); Jerusalum crickets (0-13); Ants (0-1); Orthoptera (1-4); Spiders (1); Lygaeid bugs (0-1); Scorpions (0-1); Solfugids (0-1); Diptera (2-4); GREEN VEGETATION (0% total); SEEDS (11-16% total). % weight of prey in fecal pellets; range of mean values over 2 yrs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 25-31 Mono Lake (elev. 2000m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 3.2 g Adult, Neonate 47 Blue Lake,
75 long., 95 lat. 		Exposure Factor Datasets 0-1 day Alpine 0.06
Citation:

Reproduction of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus and P. boylei) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Jameson, Jr., E.W.
Pages
44-58
Year
Issue
1
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity based on presence of recent corpora lutea; ages inferred from body weights d Female Adult 1546 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500-5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets Plumas
Citation:

Life History Parameters in Mice Exposed to a Prolonged Drought

Author(s)
Morton, Martin L., Michael L. Morrison, Linnea S. Hall and Maria E. Pereyra
Pages
18-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.50 #/litter Female Adult 4 Pinyon-juniper zone near Westgard Pass (elev., 2500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 1.29 SD

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Growth Rate y = 8.89 + 7.33x growth rate from day 3-16 Male Nestling Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight of sparrow hawks in California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H.
Pages
17-19
Year
Issue
2
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 110.7 mean body weight measured over 4 years g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 69 coastal southern CA Exposure Factor Datasets 1.1 SE
Citation:

An analysis of the population dynamics of selected avian species with special reference to changes during the modern pesticide era

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J.
Pages
23-28
Publisher
United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.59 eggs/clutch Female Adult 244 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.60 SD

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) activities within the vicinity of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant, 1973-1978

Author(s)
Benech, S.V.
Pages
33-44
Year
Volume
1979
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition abalone (43%), crabs (16%), urchins (13%), other (28%) The composition is based on occurrence of observed items. Both Male and Female Not Reported 15-170 Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant; Point San Luis to Point Buchon Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.22 mean dry stomach content mass g Female Adult 90 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.02 SE

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Movements and habitat use of mallard broods in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
88-94
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 0.62 For 1990. Home range defined as area that broods restricted their activities to during rearing period. km2 Not Reported Nestling 14 broods Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 0.21 SE
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 61 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Male Adult not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Molt migration of postbreeding female mallards from Suisun Marsh, California

Author(s)
Yarris, Gregory S., M. Robert McLandress and Alison E.H. Perkins
Pages
36-45
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal May 22 to July 10 timing of departure from breeding grounds Female Adult 34 Suisun Marsh, Grizzly Island Exposure Factor Datasets Solano

Northwestern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis)

Citation:

Home range in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis)

Author(s)
Davis, John and R. Glenn Ford
Pages
933-940
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition
Home Range 61.20 home range reported as minimum area probability (0.95 level); minimum area which will contain a given proportion (95%) of the total observations of the average individual m2 Female Adult 10 animals Hastings Natural History Reservation, Carmel Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 2+ yr Monterey nonbreeding
Home Range 131.92 home range reported as minimum area probability (0.95 level); minimum area which will contain a given proportion (95%) of the total observations of the average individual m2 Male 36 animals Hastings Natural History Reservation, Carmel Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Monterey nonbreeding

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Reproduction in mountain and lowland populations of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
176-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
1974
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 11.1 average snout-vent length = 67mm g Not Reported Adult Not Reported Puente Hills, Whittier (elev., 150 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, in the lower Colorado River, Arizona-California

Author(s)
Clarkson, Robert W. and James C. deVos, Jr.
Pages
42-49
Year
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying early Apr. (begin), late Apr. - early May and late May - early June (peaks), July (end) breeding season Not Reported Adult 100 lower Colorado River between Laguna and Morelos Dams Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal Sep, Jan Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Aspects of the ecology of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in Joshua Tree National Monument, Pinto Basin, Riverside County, California

Author(s)
Barrow, John
Pages
105-131
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density #/mi2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Changes in desert tortoise populations at four study sites in California

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., Lori L. Nicholson, Steve Juarez and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
60-80
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 2.3 annual mortality rate for subadults and adults from 1973 and 1982 %/yr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Colorado desert, Chuckwalla Bench Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) relocation: implications of social behavior and movements

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H.
Pages
113-125
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 21 ha Female Not Reported Not Reported Argus Exposure Factor Datasets

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 20.6 g Male Adult 2 colonies Exposure Factor Datasets NR Kern, San Luis Obispo

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Energy expenditure in free-ranging lizards

Author(s)
Bennett, Albert F. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
697-700
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations of Sceloporus occidentalis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguandidae)

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr. and Allen Allison
Pages
211-220
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 11.3 eggs/clutch Female Adult 48 yellow pine forest, central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.41SE
Citation:

Seasonal, sexual and altitudinal variations in stomach content and ingested fat in Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr., A.A. Heusner and Donna Lem
Pages
255-261
Year
Issue
3
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 11.31 average snout-vent length = 68.05 mm g Male Not Reported 256 animals yellow pine forest (elev., 1500m), central Sierra Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets 3.88SD

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California clapper rail in South San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Harvey, Thomas E.
Pages
98-104
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.27 mean clutch size Female Adult 26 nests south San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda 0.96 SD
Citation:

A study of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Zucca, Joseph J.
Pages
135-153
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of mean population densities birds/acre Not Reported Not Reported 1 marsh Dumbarton Bridge Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets San Francisco

California Toad (Anaxyrus boreas ssp. halophilus formerly Bufo boreas ssp. halophilus)

Citation:

The role of behavioral thermoregulation in the growth energetics of the toad, Bufo boreas

Author(s)
Lillywhite, Harvey B.
Pages
375-383
Year
Issue
2
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 2.5 g Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets one-yr or newly metamorphosed Santa Cruz

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Seasonal water and energy metabolism of the desert dwelling kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A. and M.J. Gruchacz
Pages
1461-1478
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Water Ingestion Rate 3.14 water influx rate estimated via doubly labeled water ml water/d Not Reported Not Reported 4-9 per mo/15 mo Kelso Sand Dunes (elev., 830-840 m) [lat., 34^o53'30"N, long., 115^o40'20"W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 1.33 SD
Dietary Composition seed (77%); vegetation (18%); arthropod (4.5%); feces (0.5%) % of total dry matter of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 4-9 per mo/15 mo Kelso Sand Dunes (elev., 830-840 m) [lat., 34^o53'30"N, long., 115^o40'20"W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

The reproductive cycle in Taricha torosa (Triturus torosus)

Author(s)
Miller, Malcom R. and Marilyn E. Robbins
Pages
415-445
Year
Volume
125
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Dec. - Feb. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Palo Alto Exposure Factor Datasets

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.50 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 162 San Gabriel Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hormonal and physiological control of clutch size, egg size and egg shape in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana): constraints on the evolution of lizard life histories

Author(s)
Sinervo, Barry and Paul Licht
Pages
252-264
Year
Volume
257
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 0.35 average egg weight g Not Reported Embryo 35 Los Banos Creek, Billy Wright Road Exposure Factor Datasets Merced

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Relationship of space use to population density in an herbivorus lizard

Author(s)
Alberts, Allison C.
Pages
469-479
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean range of averages for 3 sites g Male Adult Not Reported Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Home range size and overlap and their relationship to food abundance in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Krekorian, C. O'Neil
Pages
405-412
Year
Issue
4
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 1558 home range estimated using the convex polygon method m2 Female Adult 5 Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Reproduction in the desert lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mayhew, Wilbur W.
Pages
57-77
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - July time of potential breeding based on testis volume Male Adult 365 Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino
Citation:

The ecology of the desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Norris, Kenneth S.
Pages
265-287
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in diet, field metabolic rate, and water flux in the herbivorous lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mautz, William J. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
640-658
Year
Issue
6
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition Aug. Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Reproductive parameters of Pacific pond turtles Clemmys marmorata in the streams on the coast of central California

Author(s)
Scott, Norman J., Jr., Galen B. Rathbun, Thomas G. Murphey and Margaret B. Harker
Publisher
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.69 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 81 clutches Arroyo Laguna, Little Pico Creek, Pico Creek and San Simeon Creek Exposure Factor Datasets

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition July - Aug. Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Citation:

Home range dynamics of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard

Author(s)
Horchar, Victor M.
Pages
61
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 45 average home range estimated using minimum convex polygon method (snout-vent length,0-50mm) m2 Female Hatchling 11 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 11 (95CI)

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

Ecology of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California

Author(s)
Fellers, Gary M. and Charles A. Drost
Pages
28-78
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 0.022 increase in snout-vent length (34-40 mm size class) mm/d Not Reported Not Reported Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0.8 yr 0.002 SE
Citation:

Food habits of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana reticulata, from San Clemente Island

Author(s)
Schwenkmeyer, Richard C.
Pages
1-3
Year
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Animal matter (68.8%), includes Arachnids (15.9%); Insects (50.4%); Crustaceans (2.6%); Plant matter (30.9%) % of total content of stomachs % Not Reported Not Reported 18 San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. croceum)

Citation:

A comparison of the food habits of Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillaturm, Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum and Ambystoma tigrinum californiense

Author(s)
Anderson, James D.
Pages
273-284
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Dietary Composition Cladocera (1.12%); Copepoda (0.22%); Ostracoda (12.64%); Chironomidae (23.79%); Corixidae (1.56%); Snails (5.58%); Leeches (4.46%); Oligochaeta (22.30%) and Tadpoles (27.88%) % by weight of food item in stomach contents % Not Reported Juvenile 20 Ellicott Pond Exposure Factor Datasets larvae Santa Cruz

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Reproduction of the brush rabbit in California

Author(s)
Mossman, Archie S.
Pages
177-184
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year estimated by dividing breeding season length by gestation time litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. audubonii)

Citation:

Natural history observations on the Audubon cottontail

Author(s)
Ingles, Lloyd G.
Pages
227-250
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 951 g Female Adult 9 measurements from 6 animals Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size range of territory sizes during the breeding season m^2 Both Male and Female Adult 15 birds Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 29% total egg-to-fledgling success rate Not Reported Fledgling 5 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra

California Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis), Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Citation:

Reproduction and food of some California snakes

Author(s)
Cunningham, John D.
Pages
17-19
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/female Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, Mariposa, Tuolumne

San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows part I. Environment and annual cycle

Author(s)
Johnston, Richard F.
Pages
24-44
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality mortality of young birds based on number of eggs/season; in relation to high tides % Not Reported Chick 349 eggs San Pablo Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)

Citation:

Population density, census methods, habitat relationships, and home range of the San Joaquin Antelope squirrel, 1988-1989

Author(s)
Harris, John H. and Danielle M. Stearns
Pages
37
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Elkhorn Plain Ecological Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 7.3 g Female Adult 67 Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 1.1 SD

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5 usual number of eggs laid eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success range in percent of clutches hatching at least one chick (over 4 years) % Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 78.6 percent annual survival % Male Adult 56 birds Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Nest-site tenacity of least Bell's vireos

Author(s)
Greaves, James M.
Pages
50-54
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 48/312 proportion of young banded as nestlings or fledglings returning to study area in subsequent yrs birds returning/birds banded Both Male and Female Juvenile 312 birds Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara
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