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Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying March 25 (begin) - May 20 (end) Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting biology of mallards in California

Author(s)
McLandress, M. Robert, Gregory S. Yarris, Alison E.H. Perkins, Daniel P. Connelly and Dennis G. Raveling
Pages
94-107
Year
Issue
1
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.9 eggs Not Reported Not Reported 521 Sacramento Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 eggs Not Reported Not Reported 246 San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The Central, Imperial, and Coachella Valleys of California

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E., Daniel P. Connelly, and Roger L. Pederson
Pages
475-505
Publisher
Texas Tech University Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 30,438 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 15,221 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Suisun Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Solano
Citation:

Temporal and geographic estimates of survival and recovery rates for the mallard, 1950 through 1985.

Author(s)
Chu, D.S. and J.B. Hestbeck
Pages
57
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 20
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.5626 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 Female Juvenile 8,205 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0445 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.3948 survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 Female Juvenile 1,396 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0458 (SE)
Citation:

Production of mallards on irrigated land in the Sacramento Valley

Author(s)
Earl, John P.
Pages
23
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 0.72 ducks/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Conaway Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo non-breeding
Citation:

Harvest distribution and survival of mallards banded in California

Author(s)
Rienecker, Warren C.
Year
Issue
1
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 61 average survival rate of birds banded 1948-1982 percent Male Adult Not Reported Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, n.e. CA Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.13 mean dry stomach content mass g Male Juvenile 18 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.02 SE
Food Ingestion Rate 0.15 mean dry stomach content mass g Female Juvenile 22 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.03 SE

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying May 22 median date of laying Female Adult 27 pairs Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Time of Hatching or Parturition June 21 median hatching date Both Male and Female Hatchling 27 pairs Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Citation:

Foraging strategies of American kestrels during breeding

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G.
Pages
1268-1276
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 23 individuals per 96 km2 Both Male and Female Adult 23 agricultural lands (lat, 38 deg 32'N; long., 121 deg 47'W) Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo Breeding
Foraging Distance distance foraged from nest km Female Adult 4 agricultural lands (lat, 38 deg 32'N; long., 121 deg 47'W) Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo Breeding
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean body weight at hatch g Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Home range and territoriality of sea otters near Monterey, California

Author(s)
Loughlin, T.R.
Year
Issue
3
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 44 Home range for non-territorial males ha Male Adult 7 Monterey Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey 13.36 SE
Home Range 80 ha Female Adult 8 Monterey Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey 19.04 SE
Citation:

Reproduction, survival and tag loss in California sea otters

Author(s)
Siniff, Donald B., and Katherine Ralls
Pages
211-229
Year
Issue
3
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning <80 or >120 estimate time period that pups spent with mothers d Not Reported Juvenile 24 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Annual reproduction, dependency period, and apparent gestation period in two California sea otters, Enydra lutris

Author(s)
Loughlin, Thomas R., Jack A. Ames, and Judson E. Vandevere
Pages
347-349
Year
Issue
2
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean range of body weights kg Female Adult 2 otters near Monterey Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Movement and spatial use patterns of California sea otters

Author(s)
Ralls, Katherine, Thomas C. Eagle and Donald B. Siniff
Pages
1841-1849
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range daily home range, estimated from hourly trangulations during 24-hr watches using the minimum convex polygon method ha Male Juvenile 5 animals Monterey to San Luis Obispo Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements, home range, and territories of male sea otters off central California

Author(s)
Jameson, Ronald J.
Pages
159-172
Year
Issue
2
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 40.3 ha Male Adult 10 Central coast Exposure Factor Datasets 4.0 SE

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Field and maximal metabolic rates of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) at low and high altitudes

Author(s)
Hayes, Jack P.
Pages
732-744
Year
Issue
3
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 17.6 g Both Male and Female Adult 20 White Mountain Research Station (elev., 3800 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo, Mono 2.91 SD
Citation:

Some rodent populations in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Storer, T.I., F.C. Evans and F.G. Palmer
Pages
166-192
Year
Issue
2
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.24 acres Male Adult 29 Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 0.21 acres Female Adult 27 Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus and P. boylei, in the northern Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Jameson, Jr., E.W.
Pages
50-60
Year
Issue
1
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition seeds (6-49%); fruit (0-24%); arthropods (27-80%); leaves (0-20%); fungi (0-5%); misc. (0-18%) volumetric % of stomach contents, range of monthly means for 2 yrs. and 2 habitat types % Not Reported Not Reported 48-59 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500 - 5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition seeds (0-68%); fruit (0-24%); arthropods (0-47%); leaves (0-19%); fungi (0-43%); misc. (0-27%) volumetric % of stomach contents, range of monthly means for 2 yrs. and 2 habitat types % Not Reported Not Reported 78-105 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500 - 5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 34.6 g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 47 Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras 0.23

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

A field study of the growth and behavior of the fence lizard

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
151-172
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Nov. - Mar. Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 93 Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 13.7 estimated by number of developing ova eggs/clutch Female Adult 7 Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy expenditure in free-ranging lizards

Author(s)
Bennett, Albert F. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
697-700
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Metabolic Rate 0.052 resting metabolic rate at 18.5C, estimated as carbon dioxide production rate ml CO2/g/hr Not Reported Juvenile 4 Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets 0.012SE
Citation:

Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations of Sceloporus occidentalis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguandidae)

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr. and Allen Allison
Pages
211-220
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 20 mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500 or 2200m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Respiratory changes during attempted induced hibernation in Sceloporus occidentalis in San Diego County, California

Author(s)
Mazzarella, Daral B.
Pages
310-314
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1976
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean g Not Reported Not Reported 60 U.S. International University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego
Citation:

Growth and size of the Western Fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Author(s)
Davis, John
Pages
721-731
Year
Volume
1967
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition July - Sept. Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Hastings Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (41.2%), birds (2.0%), insects (23.3%), vegetation (55.5%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 366 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (35.7%), birds (1.3%), insects (27.7%), vegetation (57.4%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 929 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Seasonal and annual energy budgets of female desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Henen, Brian T.
Pages
283-296
Year
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 32.9 egg weight g Not Reported Embryo 6 Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 5.1 SD
Body Fat (total or %) 6.13 % lipid content of fresh egg mass % Not Reported Embryo 6 Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and Craig L. Lyons
Pages
811-820
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1984
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition grasses (3.6-33%); cacti (37.0-86.9%); annuals (5.0-18.6%); perennials other than cacti (0.8-2.7%); seeds (3.3-16.0%); other (0.4-2.6%) relative frequency of material in fresh scat, range for 2 sampling periods over 2 years % Both Male and Female Adult 189-195 scat samples/yr Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Sources and rates of San Joaquin kit fox mortality in western Kern County, California

Author(s)
Disney, Michele and Linda K. Spiegel
Pages
73-82
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 57 foxes extreme southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Kangaroo rats (80.7%), rabbits (46.2%), squirrels (9.6%), cottontails (5.8%), pocket mouse (1.9%), unident. insects (59.6%), scorpions (17.3%), Jerusalem crickets (13.5%), insect larvae (11.5%), ants (9.6%), grasshoppers (5.8%), beetles (3.8%), spiders (1.9%) frequency of occurrence in scat analyses % Both Male and Female Not Reported 52 scat groups Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 2034 g Male Adult 15 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 78 SE

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Ovarian cycle of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
284-289
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - July time of mating and laying Female Adult 118 Puente Hills and San Gabriel River, Whittier Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Citation:

Small mammals and other prey in the diet of the Pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus)

Author(s)
Bury, R. Bruce
Pages
524-526
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Coleoptera adult (0.21); Orthoptera adult (0.13); Diptera adult (0.07); Lepidoptera larvae (0.20); Hymenoptera (0.05); Arachnida (0.15); Acarina (0.05); Diplopoda (0.37); Isopoda (0.05); Gastropoda (0.50); Amphibian (0.75); Reptilia (5.20); Mammalia (5.50); Rocks (0.05); Vegetable matter (0.05) mean volume of gut contents cc Not Reported Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets Del Norte, Humboldt, Marin

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) II: Milk intake

Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Food Ingestion Rate 5.96 daily milk intake as % of pup body weight %/d Male Pup 5 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 mo 0.405 SE
Citation:

Food habits of the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, at San Clemente Island, California, 1981-86

Author(s)
Lowry, Mark S., Charles W. Oliver, Carolyn Macky and Jeannie B. Wexler
Pages
509-521
Year
Volume
88
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (51.3%); jack mackerel (24.6%); pelagic crab (21.2%); Pacific whiting (19.6%); rockfish (19.0%); market squid (16.3%); blacksmith (10.7%); Pacific mackerel (9.5%); octopus (5.1%); squid (2.2%); senorita (1.1%); lanternfish (1.3%) % of scats in which major (>1%) prey occurred % Not Reported Not Reported 1309 scats San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in California newts (Taricha torosa) in response to chemical cues from conspecific predators

Author(s)
Kats, Lee B., Jennifer A. Breeding and Kimberly M. Hanson
Pages
321-325
Year
Issue
2
Volume
13
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 2.6 #/10 m2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

The reproductive cycle in Taricha torosa (Triturus torosus)

Author(s)
Miller, Malcom R. and Marilyn E. Robbins
Pages
415-445
Year
Volume
125
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Body Weight - Mean range of means for 8 sampling dates g Female Adult 1-6/sampling date Palo Alto Exposure Factor Datasets post-spawning
Citation:

Aggression by non-native crayfish deters breeding in California newts

Author(s)
Gamradt, Seth C., Lee B. Kats and Christopher B. Anzalone
Pages
793-796
Year
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of mean density estimates for six pools without crayfish over two time periods #/10m2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported Trancas Creek, Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Habits and home range of the Pacific pond turtle, Clemmys marmorata, in a stream community

Author(s)
Bury, Richard Bruce
Pages
205
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 400 average distance moved along stream between relocations m Male Adult 19 Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Reproduction in a mountain population of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae)

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
31-35
Year
Issue
1
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 10 mo Female Adult 162 San Gabriel Mountains (elev., 1585-1829m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

Latitudinal variation in activity season mortality rates of the lizard Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Wilson, Byron S.
Pages
393-414
Year
Issue
4
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of average densities estimated over 2 yrs #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Panamint Valley (elev., 790m), [lat., 36^o20'N; long., 117^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Life history of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Krekorian, C. O'Neil
Pages
415-424
Year
Issue
4
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 332 #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in diet, field metabolic rate, and water flux in the herbivorous lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mautz, William J. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
640-658
Year
Issue
6
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 3.5 average snout-vent length = 5.1 cm g Not Reported Hatchling 5 - 52/sampling time Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Seasonal variation in weight-length relationships and fat body size in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Minnich, John E.
Pages
359-362
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1971
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean log weight = 0.010 SVL + 0.46 relationship between body weight (g) and snout-vent length (SVL, mm) g Female Adult Not Reported Palm Desert Exposure Factor Datasets

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Observations on the San Joaquin leopard lizard, Crotaphytus wislizenii silus Stenjneger

Author(s)
Montanucci, Richard R.
Pages
270-283
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 3 eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare
Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Growth Rate 1.6 increase in snout-vent length from 8 to 12 mo mm/mo Female 2 Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets 8 - 12 mo Kern, Kings, Tulare

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Citation:

Reproduction in the sand-dwelling lizard Uma inornata

Author(s)
Mayhew, Wilbur W.
Pages
39-55
Year
Issue
1
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - Aug. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

Ecology of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California

Author(s)
Fellers, Gary M. and Charles A. Drost
Pages
28-78
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The number of young of Xantusia

Author(s)
Brattstrom, Bayard H.
Pages
143-144
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size determined by embryo count young/female Female Adult 4 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14-15 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Effects of variation in natural algal and detrital diets on larval anuaran (Hyla regilla) life history traits

Author(s)
Kupferberg, Sarah J., Jane C. Marks and Mary E. Power
Pages
446-457
Year
Volume
1994
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May - Aug. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported South Fork Eel River, Branscomb [lat., 39^o44' N; long., 123^o39'W] Exposure Factor Datasets

Southern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. sigillatum)

Citation:

A comparison of the life histories of coastal and montane populations of Ambystoma macrodactylum in California

Author(s)
Anderson, James D.
Pages
323-355
Year
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Big Meadow (elev., 1980m) and Mosquito Lakes (elev., 2450 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Alpine, Calaveras

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Home range and mobility of brush rabbits in California chaparral

Author(s)
Connell, Joseph H.
Pages
392-405
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - May time of breeding Male Adult Not Reported Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. vallicola)

Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range acres Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

The rabbits of California

Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.6 young/litter Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight, fat, and behaviour of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, Kay E. and Scott Nunes
Pages
1425-1433
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean 571 g Female Adult 100 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus ( elev., 120 m) [lat., 37^0W; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz lactating
Citation:

California ground squirrels at Concord Naval Weapons station: alternatives for control and the ecological consequences

Author(s)
Loredo-Prenderville, I., D. Van Vuren , Amy J. Kuenzi, and Michael Morrison
Pages
72-77
Publisher
University of California, Davis
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density 32.0 #/ha Not Reported Adult 5 study sites Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 16.23 SD
Citation:

Circulating prolactin in free-living california ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, Kay E., Scott Nunes, and Frank Talamantes
Pages
484-492
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Clutch or Litter Size 6.9 young/litter Female Adult 14 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz primiparous
Citation:

Multiple litters in the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi fisheri, in Tulare county

Author(s)
Simpson, G. L., and T.K. Lamunyon
Pages
101-104
Year
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year evidence for 2nd litter in 20% of reproductively active females litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Coho creek Exposure Factor Datasets Tulare

Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius)

Citation:

Status review of the riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-22
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range review reported home range for males was 957m2 for males and 244 m2 for females (from unpublished reports) Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Caswell Memorial State Park Exposure Factor Datasets

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Status and distribution of the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus)

Author(s)
Gill, Robert Jr.
Pages
36-49
Year
Issue
1
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of mean densities birds/ha Both Male and Female Adult 5 sites San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Marin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Sonoma

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Spatial structuring and dispersal in a high density population of the California vole Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Heske, Edward J.
Pages
137-148
Year
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.2 mean; height of growing season pups/litter Female Adult 13 Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.8 (95%CI)
Citation:

The relationship between habitat heterogeneity, space use, and demography in a population of California voles

Author(s)
Ostfeld, Richard S., William Z. Lidicker, Jr. and Edward J. Heske
Pages
433-442
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 550 peak density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Demographic changes in fluctuating populations of Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Krebs, Charles J.
Pages
239-273
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality range of mean minimum survival rates per 14 d Male Juvenile 2 periods of weekly sampling Tilden Regional Park Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Skink (Eumeces skiltonianus)

Citation:

Clutch and egg size in several species of lizards from the desert southwest

Author(s)
Punzo, Fred
Pages
414-417
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4.7 based on oviducal egg counts eggs/clutch Female Adult 6 Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)

Citation:

Survival and home range in the Nelson antelope ground squirrel

Author(s)
Hawbecker, Albert C.
Pages
207-215
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition Mar. Not Reported Neonate Not Reported Panoche (elev., 1200') Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Predation ecology of coexisting great horned and barn owls

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G.
Pages
134-137
Year
Issue
1
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Microtus (66.7%), Peromyscus (27.6%), Dipodomys (1.1%), Sylvilagus (0.3%), Euphagus cyanocephalus (0.3%), Sorex (0.2%), Tadarida brasiliensis (0.2%), Mustela frenata (0.2%), unident. bird (1.4%), unident. small mammal (0.7%), insect (1.3%) percent occurence of prey items in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 107 pellets Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou
Citation:

Predation by owls in the Sierran foothills of California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
137-151
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition cottontail (61.1%), woodrat (17.9%), kangaroo rat (4.5%), pocket gopher (4.3%), gopher snake (3.7%), ground squirrel (2.4%), other spp (birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates; 6.1%) percent occurrence by weight in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 654 pellets, 1471 prey items San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Second wave nesting of the California least tern: age composition and reproductive success

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W. and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
596-605
Year
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying May-early Jul (first wave), late May-Aug (second wave) nesting periods of early (first wave) and late (second wave) birds Both Male and Female Adult 8-10 pairs (first wave), 29 pairs (second wave) NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Renesting by California least terns

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W. and Jack M. Fancher
Pages
350-357
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 17/32 to 33/33 range of numbers of clutches lost of total numbers of clutches in a colony Not Reported Chick, Embryo 7 colonies, 8 years coast Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, Orange

Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)

Citation:

Age, sex, and weight comparisons in three species of shrews

Author(s)
Rudd, Robert L.
Pages
323-338
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of mean monthly weights g Both Male and Female Juvenile 1-7/mo San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets

Northwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. brewsteri)

Citation:

Empidonax traillii extimus: An endangered subspecies

Author(s)
Unitt, Philip
Pages
137-162
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal May 15 date of earliest arrival of spring migrants Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 4 wk Female Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo
Citation:

Ecology of rodents in Indian Cove (Mojave Desert), Joshua Tree National Monument, California

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Bernard B. Butterworth
Pages
203-225
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of seasonal changes in weight g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

A comparison of transects and point counts in oak-pine woodlands of California

Author(s)
Verner, Jared and Lyman V. Ritter
Pages
47-68
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density 72.8 density estimate on an ungrazed plot by point count using an exponential polynomial model birds/40 ha Not Reported Not Reported 43 birds San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera 50.1-95.5 95% CI

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Patterns of growth and movements in a population of Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis (caudata: plethodontidae) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Staub, N.L., C.W. Brown and D.B. Wake
Pages
593-599
Year
Issue
4
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 22.2 mean final distance from original site of capture m Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras 2.8
Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutch/yr Female Adult Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size <0.5 defended nesting territory size on salt pan habitat ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate percent of nesting pairs that successfully raised at least one young (range over two years) % Both Male and Female Adult 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Use of food items by sex and age classes of coyotes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L., Kenneth A. Spencer and Jerry H. Scrivner
Pages
42-47
Year
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Dietary Composition leporid (57.6%); rodent (27.1%); livestock (27.1%); bird (20.3%); insect (11.9%); other (25.4%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile 59 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Kern
Citation:

Coyote morphometric characteristics and mass dynamics in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L.
Pages
360-365
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 11.4 kg Male Juvenile 10 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 1yr Kern 0.2 SE

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) invasion of a California river: the role of larval competition

Author(s)
Kupferberg, Sarah J.
Pages
1736-1751
Year
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Population Density 18.2 #/m2 Both Male and Female Tadpole 17 quadrats Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] Exposure Factor Datasets "overwintered" tadpoles Mendocino 13.1 SD

Fresno Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides ssp. exilis)

Citation:

The Fresno kangaroo rat population survey, 1977 (Final Report)

Author(s)
Koos, Karen A.
Pages
10
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range for 2 sites; mean density for 4 sampling periods #/ha Not Reported Not Reported 68 - 326 animals/site Whitesbridge Rd. Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Variation in breeding season and clutch size in song sparrows of the pacific coast

Author(s)
Richard F. Johnston
Pages
268-273
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying early Feb.-July Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported California to Washington Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Territory Size 9.1 territory width across sloughs m Both Male and Female Adult 64 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris), San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

San Francisco Bay Region Salt Marsh Song Sparrow Survey, 1974

Author(s)
Walton, Brian James
Pages
19
Publisher
California Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density see table 1 Both Male and Female Adult 64 sites San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa breeding

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami), Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Daily and seasonal patterns of activity and energetics in a heteromyid rodent commuinity

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J.
Pages
1201-1219
Year
Issue
6
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Molt July and August Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Owens Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)

Citation:

An altitudinal survey of reproduction in Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Dunmire, William W.
Pages
174-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.88 potential litter size; estimated using the larger of corpora lutea count or embryo sites #/litter Female Adult 26 White Mountain (elev.,12,400 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono 0.46 SE
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