California
Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 7.00 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 8 | "lowland" habitat | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Diego | 0.50 |
Clutch or Litter Size | 7.50 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 10 | "montane" habitat, (elev., 1830m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Diego | 0.62 |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Torpor or Hibernation | Nov-Dec. (begin) | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Hastings Reservation, Carmel Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | 0.220 | field metabolic rate estimated by carbon dioxide production, using doubly labelled water | ml CO2/g/hr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 11 | Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles | Exposure Factor Datasets | reproductively active | 0.019SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | June - July | time of laying | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500 or 2200m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 223 | mean measured stomach content fresh weight of lizard averaging 11.3 g | mg | Male | Not Reported | 256 animals | yellow pine forest (elev., 1500m), central Sierra Nevada | Exposure Factor Datasets | 171SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | see citation | figure of time of egg laying | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Valyermo (elev., 1300m) [lat., 34^o27'N; long., 117^o45'W], Wrightwood (elev., 2200m) [lat., 34^o23'N; long., 117^o40' W], Throop Peak (elev., 2600m) [lat., 34^o22'N; long., 117^o48'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles, San Bernardino |
Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 9.2 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 65 | Thousand Palms | Exposure Factor Datasets | 7-8 mo | Riverside | 2.1 SD |
Body Weight - Mean | 29.2 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 | Thousand Palms | Exposure Factor Datasets | 19-20 mo | Riverside | 8.6 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Hatching or Parturition | Aug. | Not Reported | Hatchling | Not Reported | Thousand Palms | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside | ||
Dietary Composition | Plant Species: Ambrosia dumosa (4.8%); Coldenia palmeri (27.6%); Croton californica (2.8%); Dalea emoryi (24.7%); Dalea schottii (13.2%); Dicoria canescens (22.5%); Arthropods (1.3%); Rodent feces (2.4%); Gravel (0.6%) | mean % of total dry matter stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Adult | 7 | Thousand Palms | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 75 | time from egg to hatching | d | Not Reported | Hatchling | Not Reported | Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes | Exposure Factor Datasets | Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino |
Time of Hatching or Parturition | Aug. | Not Reported | Hatchling | Not Reported | Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes | Exposure Factor Datasets | Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | June - July | time of laying | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Dietary Composition | Plants: Larrea divaricata (85%); Animal: Fecal pellets (10%); Bees (trace); Sand (trace) | % volume of total stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 17 | Coachella Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | 11 | Elkhorn Plain | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Luis Obispo |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern, Kings, Tulare | |
Time of Torpor or Hibernation | Oct. - Mar. | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern, Kings, Tulare |
Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Overall Total (629); Arthropod Total (201); Vertebrate Total (1); Plant Total (332): Includes; Insects, Coleoptera (28); Diptera (5); Hemiptera (25); Homoptera (177); Hymenoptera (48); Lepidoptera (3); Orthoptera (4); Snakes, Crotalidae (1); Plants, Asteraceae (42); Boraginaceae (8); Fabaceae (71) and Loasaceae (211) | total numbers of food items found in stomach contents | # | Female | Adult | 13 | Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
Dietary Composition | Overall Total (673); Arthropod Total (268); Vertebrate Total (2); Plant Total (360): Includes; Insects, Coleoptera (12); Diptera (1); Hemiptera (16); Homoptera (10); Hymenoptera (259); Lepidoptera (1); Neuroptera (3); Orthoptera (1); Lizards, Phrynosomatidae (1); Snakes, Crotalidae (1); Plants, Asteraceae (107); Boraginaceae (99); Euphorbiaceae (2); Fabaceae (33) and Loasaceae (119) | total numbers of food items found in stomach contents | # | Male | Adult | 17 | Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | 0.030 | increase in snout-vent length (60-70 mm size class) | mm/d | Not Reported | Not Reported | Santa Barbara Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.9 yr | 0.002 SE |
Growth Rate | 0.018 | increase in snout-vent length (70-80 mm size class) | mm/d | Not Reported | Not Reported | Santa Barbara Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 4.5 yr | 0.002 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | 0.03 | increase in snout-vent length during 2nd yr | mm/d | Both Male and Female | 12 | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 yr | |
Longevity | oldest recorded individual | yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Migration or Dispersal | summer | time of southward migration | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Turlock area | Exposure Factor Datasets | Merced, Stanislaus |
Time of Migration or Dispersal | winter | time of northward movement | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Turlock area | Exposure Factor Datasets | Merced, Stanislaus |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 21.7 | average number of birds per 100 miles of survey route | birds/100 mi | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1000 mi surveyed/mo | near Bakersfield | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 48.0 % | mean annual mortality rate | Both Male and Female | Adult | 725 birds | Berkeley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | 4.3 SE |
Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | July - Sept. | Not Reported | Juvenile | Not Reported | Fox Creek [lat., 38^o45'N, 123^o40'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2-3 yrs | Mendocino | ||
Dietary Composition | Ephemeroptera (59.1%); Trichoptera (11.7%); Plecoptera (4.5%); Diptera (8.1%); Coleoptera (3.6%); Odonata (1.0%); Hemiptera (<1.0%); Non-Insecta (3.4%); Vertebrates (<1.0%); Terrestrial organisms, Insecta (8.8%) | average proportion of total prey items in stomach contents on 11 sampling dates | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 502 | Fox Creek [lat., 38^o45'N, 123^o40'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mendocino |
Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. croceum)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Sexual Maturity | 2 | yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Valencia Lagoon, Rio Del Mar | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Cruz |
Clutch or Litter Size | 307 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 5 | Valencia Lagoon, Rio Del Mar | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Cruz |
California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 94% | estimated survival rate of radiotagged control birds at 150-180 days post-release | Not Reported | Adult | 17 | Southern California Bight | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 278 | mean range diameter | ft | Male | Adult | 32 | Humboldt Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
Home Range | 149 | mean range diameter | ft | Female | Adult | 31 | Humboldt Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 115 | average radii drawn from computed center of activity to capture points | ft | Male | Adult | 10 | Berkeley Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | 10 |
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. audubonii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Sexual Maturity | reported as age at sexual maturity as lactation first observed | mo | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - Apr. | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Coho creek | Exposure Factor Datasets | Tulare |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | 1 | litters/yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Calaveras Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Santa Clara |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Torpor or Hibernation | May/June - Oct. | months of estivation | Male | Adult | 144 | University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Cruz |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 400 | diameter of "typical" home range | ft | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Mar. - Apr. | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Davis and Dixon | Exposure Factor Datasets | Solano, Yolo |
California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water Ingestion Rate | 651 | total daily water intake derived from sum of milk water intake and metabolic water production | g/d | Male | Pup | 24 | San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2 mo | 27.9 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | range of fecundity over 4 yrs; peak pup/peak female counts | pups/female/yr | Female | Adult | 4360-6952 pups | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 9.12 | kg | Female | Pup | 4 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 30 d | 0.128 SE | |
Growth Rate | 75.8 | daily weight gain during the 2nd mo of life | g/d | Female | Pup | 4 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 mo | 62.56 SE |
California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | estimated incubation period in field | d | Not Reported | Not Reported | 3 nests | Dumbarton Bridge Marsh | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Francisco |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 1.47 | mean breeding density based on rope drag and call count data | birds/ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 68 ha | south San Francisco Bay-Dumbarton Point | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda |
California Vole (Microtus californicus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Sexual Maturity | 17 | d | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Brooks Island, San Francisco Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | .635 | minimum survival rate per 2 wks | Male | Adult | 8 breeding seasons (6 populations pooled) | Berkeley | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding season |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | range in home range (minimum area probability, 0.95) over 2 yrs | m2 | Female | Adult | 7/yr | Richmond Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Sept/Oct. - May/June | breeding; > 50% in reproductive condition | Both Male and Female | Adult | Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | range of minimum # alive in 8 areas at 103 weekly intervals | #/ha | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Anurans (67%); Fish (11%); Leeches (22%) | % of stomachs containing prey item | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 36 | Eagle Lake (elev., 1555m) [lat., 40^o33'24"N; long., 120^o47'5" W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Lassen |
Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 8.5 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 33 | "west coast" | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | range of 4 seasonal means | g | Not Reported | Not Reported | 20-42/season | Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | range of mean home range in 3 study periods estimated by radiotelemetry | ha | Female | Adult | 7-10 | Boyde Deep Canyon Reserve (elev., 300m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foraging Distance | minimum distances moved by individuals on one trap night | m | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 5 males, 6 females | Owens Valley (1,220 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Inyo |
California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 5.93 | mean body weight of day 0 chicks | g | Not Reported | Hatchling | 77 birds | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | 0.09 2SE |
Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 2400 | annual number of individuals censused | birds/lake | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 1 lake | Eagle Lake, 42 km NW of Susanville | Exposure Factor Datasets | Lassen |
Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 2/19 | 2 out of 19 juveniles reached adult size | survival ratio | Not Reported | Juvenile | Not Reported | Palo Alto Baylands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Clara |
Fresno Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides ssp. exilis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | range of average population density over 3 yrs | #/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | 10-18/yr | Elkhorn Plain Ecological Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Luis Obispo |
Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | range of median maximum distance moved based on monthly live trapping capture data at 2 sites | m | Female | Juvenile | 21-54 | Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | #/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | observed number of days chicks spent in nest | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 0.778 | minimum annual survival rates of marked individuals | Male | Adult | 18 birds | Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mono |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 6.2 (fall), 19.2 (winter), 6.6 (spring) | mean population density | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | 10 seasons censused | Limantour Estero | Exposure Factor Datasets | Marin |
Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | number of singing males per linear km of suitable habitat | birds/km | Male | Adult | 8 survey sites | various CA locations | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Coyote (Canis latrans)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | mule deer (8.7%); cattle (4.4%); sheep (17.4%); coyote (8.7%); Microtus sp. (56.5%); Eutamias (13%); Thomomys sp. (8.7%); Marmota flaviventris (4.4%); Citellus beldingi (4.4%); Erethizon dorsatum (8.7%); song birds (21.7%); grasshoppers (13.0%); other insects (34.8%); pine and fir needles (30.4%); grass (56.5%); other vegetable matter (13.2%) | % of scats containing food item | % | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 23 scats | Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | mule deer (7%); small mammals (67%); reptiles (11%); insects (8%); fruits (5%); other (21%) | % frequency of food items in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 60 | Sierra National Forest (elev. 300 -3900 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Fresno |
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | late Feb-early Apr | period of egg laying | Female | Adult | 1 pair, 4 years | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Clara |
San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. mearnsi)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | range in density of pairs, 4 years | pairs/km | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5-13 pairs/year | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | pairs/100 acres | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | breeding |
Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | sowbug (1); centipede (1); millipede (6); spiders (7); wood ticks (2); scavenger mite (1); solpugid (1); springtails (5); worker termites (15); hemipteran (1); fly (1); beetles (11); ants (2) | number of each food item in stomachs | # | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 8 | Madelia Canyon | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii formerly Rana aurora ssp. draytonii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Sexual Maturity | yrs | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | range of mean body weight measured over 2 years during different seasons | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4-22/sampling | Fort Irwin National Training Center, Barstow | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 yr | San Bernardino |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 3 | estimated from eggshell fragments in nest | eggs/nest | Female | Adult | 15 nests | Fremont Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | July - Oct. | mating | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 732m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | 6.98 | field metabolic rate | ml CO2/g/h | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 | White Mountain Research Station (elev., 3800 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Inyo, Mono | 1.12 |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 17 | minimum density | #/ha | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Coreopsis habitat, Santa Barbara Island [lat.,33^o29' N, long., 119^o02' W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 8 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | seeds (34-53%); fruits (0-22%); arthropods (26-36%); leaves (7-12%); fungi (0-7%); misc. (3-10%) | volumetric % of stomach contents, range of means for 2 yrs. and 2 habitat types | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 778 | western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500 - 5000 ft.) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 29.5 | resident and non-resident males were not significantly different | kg | Male | Adult | 22 | Central coast | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.3 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 3.7 | km^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 11 | Santa Cruz to San Luis Obispo | Exposure Factor Datasets | Residents | 3.1 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | Weight for males | kg | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | 15 | Monterey, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | unidentifed crab (11.5%), pugettia (8.9%), cancer species (11.0%), unidentified abalone (0.7%), red abalone (1.0%), black abalone (0%), clam (2.9%), turbon snail (12.0%), kelp and holdfasts (0.2%), unidentifed (37.7%), mussel (2.6%), annelid (1.0%), limpet (0.2%), scallop (0%), octopus (6.2%), red urchin (0%), cucumaria (0.2%), purple uechin (1.0%), pisaster species (1.7%), barnacle (1.2%) | dietary composition for adults | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 608 | Piedras Blancas | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 0.3 | mean dry stomach content mass | g | Female | Adult | 97 | Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Siskiyou | 0.03 SE |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 4.3 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 38 clutches | Great Basin (1260-2340 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Lassen |
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 0.410 | Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method | Not Reported | Chick | 50 | Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | 10 days |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 0.3948 | survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 | Male | Juvenile | 1,396 | Central California | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.0458 (SE) |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Nesting | April-June | time from earliest clutch laid to last clutch hatched | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Conaway Ranch | Exposure Factor Datasets | Yolo | breeding |
San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | 1-2 | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Gabriel Mountains, Crystal Lake (elev., 1584 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | CS = 0.378SVL - 17.04 | regression equation relating clutch size (CS; # eggs/oviduct) to snout-vent length (SVL, mm) of female. | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 49 | Puente Hills and San Gabriel River, Whittier | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Sexual Maturity | yr | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | lower Colorado River between Laguna and Morelos Dams | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | September | period by which fledging is complete | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 9 | estimation based on observations in wild and captive bats | wks | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern, San Luis Obispo |
San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Hatching or Parturition | February-March | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Buena Vista Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | January | based on reproductive condition of adults at time of capture | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
California Newt (Taricha torosa)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | range of mean densities measured each yr for 4 yrs | #/10 m2 | Not Reported | Adult | 4 yearly surveys | 750m stretch of Cold Creek, Santa Monica Mountains | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | range of means for 8 sampling dates | g | Male | Adult | 1-10/sampling date | Palo Alto | Exposure Factor Datasets | sperm evacuated testes |
Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 976 | "distance between extremes" or maximum range on a linear scale | m | Male | Adult | 19 | Hayfork Creek (elev., 610m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Trinity |