Female

Export to CSV
Displaying 1214 data points

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Relative success of overwater and upland mallard nests in southwestern Manitoba

Author(s)
Arnold, T.W., M.D. Sorenson, and J.J. Rotella
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 12.2% nest success rate (Mayfield method) among upland nests Female Adult 49 Minnedosa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Survival and nest success of sympatric female mallards, Anas platyrynchos, and American black ducks, Anas rubripes, breeding in a forested environment

Author(s)
Dwyer, Chris P. and Guy A. Baldassare
Pages
213-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Female Adult 18 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 67% proportion of tagged females that hatched clutches Female Adult 18 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,118 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 44 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets initiation prebasic molt 21 SE
Citation:

Protein costs of the prebasic molt of female mallards

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
263-266
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate 3.9 g protein/day Female Adult 183 birds Ted Shanks Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Reproduction of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus and P. boylei) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Jameson, Jr., E.W.
Pages
44-58
Year
Issue
1
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Age at Sexual Maturity based on presence of recent corpora lutea; ages inferred from body weights d Female Adult 1546 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500-5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets Plumas
Clutch or Litter Size 4.6 based on # of implanted embryos; monthly means (Mar. - Nov.) ranged from 4.0 - 5.7 #/litter Female Adult 96 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500-5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets Plumas 0.11 SE
Citation:

Intraspecific variation in body size, metabolic rate, and reproduction of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Author(s)
Earle, Michael and D. M. Lavigne
Pages
381-388
Year
Issue
2
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of means from 3 sites g Female Adult 18-29 captured at Milk River, Alberta [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 111^o45'W] and Sydney, British Columbia, Canada [lat., 48^o43'N; long., 123^o20'W] Exposure Factor Datasets at parturition Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of range treatment with 2,4-D on rodent populations

Author(s)
Johnson, Donald R. and Richard M. Hansen
Pages
125-132
Year
Issue
1
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.27 mean litter size based upon number of visible embryos #/litter Female Adult 77 Gunnison County and Saquache County, (elev., 8500 - 9300 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.13
Citation:

Uptake of environmental contaminants by small mammals in pickleweed habitats of San Francisco Bay, California

Author(s)
Clark, Jr., Donald R., Kevin S. Foerster, Carolyn M. Marn and Roger L. Hothem
Pages
389-396
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.7 litter size estimated from counts of uterine scars and embryos #/litter Female Adult 6 salt marsh, San Pablo and San Francisco Bays Exposure Factor Datasets 0.7 SE

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Field studies of natality in the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi

Author(s)
Hampton, Anne M.
Pages
128-138
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 3 estimated from eggshell fragments in nest eggs/nest Female Adult 15 nests Fremont Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Studies of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Woodbury, Angus M. and Ross Hardy
Pages
145-200
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity yr Female Adult Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Size-specific fecundity of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Mueller, James M., Kamila R. Sharp, Katherine K. Zander, Danny L. Rakestraw, Kurt R. Rautenstrauch and Patrick E. Lederle
Pages
313-319
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutches or Litters per year 8.2 mean annual fecundity for tortoises with mean carapace length of 247.4 mm eggs/yr Female Adult 30 Yucca Mountain, Nye County (elev., 1000-1500m) [lat., 36^o51'; long., 116^o25' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 SE
Citation:

Seasonal and annual energy budgets of female desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Henen, Brian T.
Pages
283-296
Year
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 1578 annual, time-weighted body mass g Female Adult 9 Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 244 SD
Citation:

Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) relocation: implications of social behavior and movements

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H.
Pages
113-125
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 21 ha Female Not Reported Not Reported Argus Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly averages (Jan.-Dec.) lbs Female Adult 1-5 foxes/month Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Clutch or Litter Size pups Female Adult 5 litters Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Ovarian cycle of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
284-289
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1-3 clutches/yr Female Adult 118 Puente Hills and San Gabriel River, Whittier Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - July time of mating and laying Female Adult 118 Puente Hills and San Gabriel River, Whittier Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) II: Milk intake

Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 7.59 kg Female Pup 7 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 5 d 0.289 SE
Growth Rate 120.0 daily weight gain during 1st mo of life g/d Female Pup 7 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 5-30 d 8.16 SE
Citation:

Effects of the 1982-1983 El Nino on several population parameters and diet of California sea lions on the Califonia channel islands

Author(s)
DeLong, R. L., G.A. Antonelis, C.W. Oliver, B.S. Stewart, M.S. Lowry and P.K. Yochem
Pages
166-172
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation figure of % occurrence of prey items in scats % Female Adult 73 - 283 San Miguel and San Clemente Islands Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Growth and size of the Western Fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Author(s)
Davis, John
Pages
721-731
Year
Volume
1967
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Growth Rate range of mean winter daily growth rates estimated by changes in snout-vent length for 2 years; snout-vent length range, 33.0 - 36.5 mm mm/d Female Juvenile 6-14 animals/yr Hastings Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Clutch or Litter Size CS = 0.261(SVL) - 10 regression equation relating clutch size(CS) to female snout-vent length (SVL; mm) eggs/clutch Female Adult 27 Hastings Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Consumption of herbaceaous vegetation and water during reproduction and development of Merriam's Kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
445-457
Year
Issue
2
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 10.7 estimated from food intake (rolled oats and carrots) g/d Female Adult 4-9 captured in Clark County, NV Exposure Factor Datasets lactating Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 2.8 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported captured in Clark County, NV Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 4 wk Female Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo
Clutch or Litter Size 2.46 pups/itter Female Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 0.72 SD

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

The number of egg masses and eggs laid by the California newt, Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Brame, Arden H.
Pages
169-170
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/mass Female Adult 6 egg masses Sycamore Canyon Creek, San Gabriel Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

Effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic development in Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla and Taricha torosa

Author(s)
Anzalone, Christopher R., Lee B. Kats and Malcolm S. Gordon
Pages
646-653
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size #/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

The reproductive cycle in Taricha torosa (Triturus torosus)

Author(s)
Miller, Malcom R. and Marilyn E. Robbins
Pages
415-445
Year
Volume
125
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Body Weight - Mean range of means from 5 sampling dates g Female Adult 2-10/sampling date Palo Alto Exposure Factor Datasets mature gonads

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Reproduction in a mountain population of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae)

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
31-35
Year
Issue
1
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying May - Aug. time of laying Female Adult 162 San Gabriel Mountains (elev., 1585-1829m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 162 San Gabriel Mountains (elev., 1585-1829m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

Home range, growth, and population density of Uta stansburiana in Arizona

Author(s)
Parker, William S.
Pages
135-139
Year
Issue
2
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.31 growth rate estimated by increase in snout-vent length (mm), snout-vent length range 50-56mm mm/mo Female Not Reported 2 Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The demography of the lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Gerard A. Hoddenbach, Philip A. Medica and Joseph R. Lannom
Pages
505-519
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative ecology of populations of the lizard Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Parker, William S. and Eric R. Pianka
Pages
615-632
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1975
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Stansbury and Granstville, UT [lat., 40] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
1 - 182
Year
Volume
132
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of monthly average clutch sizes over 3 yrs eggs/clutch Female Adult 13-48 lizards/10 dates Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Reproduction in the desert lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mayhew, Wilbur W.
Pages
57-77
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size based on eggs in oviduct eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino
Citation:

Seasonal variation in weight-length relationships and fat body size in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Minnich, John E.
Pages
359-362
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1971
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean log weight = 0.010 SVL + 0.46 relationship between body weight (g) and snout-vent length (SVL, mm) g Female Adult Not Reported Palm Desert Exposure Factor Datasets

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Crop milk and clutch size in mourning doves

Author(s)
Blockstein, David E.
Pages
11-25
Year
Issue
1
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2 clutch size in 97.2% of observed nests Female Adult 1203 nests J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolic responses of mourning doves to short-term food and temperature stresses in winter

Author(s)
Ivacic, Donald L. and Ronald F. Labisky
Pages
182-196
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 129.6 mean body weight g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 14 captured at Dundee, IL Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 6.9 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Nesting ecology of mourning doves in fruit orchards in north-central Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith, David M. Gaudet and Albert W. Erickson
Pages
230-236
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1.8 mean number of eggs laid per nesting attempt Female Adult 123 nests Rufus Woods Lake area Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. ubericolor)

Citation:

Orientation and homing of the brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A.
Pages
686-699
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 108.5 mean and range of one standard diameter, home range estimated by "center of activity" method ft Female Adult 24 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 55.3 SD
Home Range 99.0 mean and range of one standard diameter, home range estimated by "center of activity" method ft Female Juvenile 14 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 37.4 SD

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. audubonii)

Citation:

Natural history observations on the Audubon cottontail

Author(s)
Ingles, Lloyd G.
Pages
227-250
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Nesting ecology and production of western grebes at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark L. and Jessop B. Low
Pages
66-70
Year
Issue
1
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.6 mean clutch size eggs Female Adult 70 nests Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius)

Citation:

Status review of the riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-22
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size review reported average of 9-16 young/female/yr (data source not specified) Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year review reported 3-4 litters per season (data source not specified) Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Eastern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. columbianum)

Citation:

Life history characteristics of populations of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) from different altitudes

Author(s)
Howard, James H. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
361-373
Year
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 166.5 eggs/cluster averaged 16.7 eggs/female Female Adult 25 Lindsey Creek, Perce County (elev., 420m) Exposure Factor Datasets 59.7 SD
Clutch or Litter Size 105.3 eggs/cluster averaged 14.8 eggs/female Female Adult 16 Bear Wallow, Baker County (elev., 1140m) Exposure Factor Datasets 31.03 SD

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Nutritional ecology of the California vole: Effects of food quality on reproduction

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
406-412
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Clutches or Litters per year 1.9 litters per female per 12 wks litters/12 wks Female Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets adult 0.2 SE Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 3.5 young/litter Female Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets subadult (4 wks) 0.6 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Viability of large- and small- sized adults in fluctuating vole populations

Author(s)
Boonstra, Rudy and Charles J. Krebs
Pages
567-573
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Survival/ Mortality .739 minimum survival rate per 2 wks Female Adult 7 breeding seasons (6 populations pooled) Berkeley Exposure Factor Datasets breeding season

Western Skink (Eumeces skiltonianus)

Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4.7 eggs/clutch Female Adult 6 Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Clutch and egg size in several species of lizards from the desert southwest

Author(s)
Punzo, Fred
Pages
414-417
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4.7 based on oviducal egg counts eggs/clutch Female Adult 6 Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

Red-sided Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. parietalis)

Citation:

An ecological study of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
493-564
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean g Female Adult Not Reported Douglas and Jefferson Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 14.5 young/litter Female Adult 132 Douglas and Jefferson Counties Exposure Factor Datasets

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Care, management, and biology of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
575-584
Year
Issue
5
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 3.83 pups/litter Female Juvenile 29 females Exposure Factor Datasets 1.97 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Age-related Reproduction in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in the upper Midwest

Author(s)
Greenwood, Raymond J. and Alan B. Sargeant
Pages
657-662
Year
Issue
3
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.2 live embryo counts pups/litter Female Adult 178 females east-central North Dakota; west -central Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets primarily 1 and 2 years old 0.4 SE
Citation:

Reproduction of the striped skunk in New York

Author(s)
Hamilton, W. J.
Pages
123-124
Year
Issue
1
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean newborn g Female Neonate 3 embryos Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction in captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
452-455
Year
Issue
2
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4.28 pups/litter Female Adult 118 litters Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Metabolic rates of red-tailed hawks and great horned owls

Author(s)
Pakpahan, Ani M., Jonathon B. Haufler and Harold H. Prince
Pages
1000-1002
Year
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1,588 mean body weight g Female Adult 2 birds Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 147 Laboratory
Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 eggs/clutch Female Adult 6 nests south-central Montana Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2 SE
Citation:

New great horned owl longevity record

Author(s)
Nero, Robert W.
Pages
91-92
Year
Issue
2
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 28+ age at time of death yr Female Adult 1 bird Asiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Author(s)
Kenyon, Karl W.
Pages
1-352
Year
Issue
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 21.1 kg Female Adult 254 Amchitka Island Exposure Factor Datasets 6.49 SD
Food Ingestion Rate 4.04 kg/d Female Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Home range and territoriality of sea otters near Monterey, California

Author(s)
Loughlin, T.R.
Year
Issue
3
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean Weight for females kg Female Both Adults and Juveniles 9 Monterey, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Red-spotted Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. concinnus)

Citation:

Some observations on the natural history of two Oregon garter snakes (Genus Thamnophis)

Author(s)
Stewart, Glenn R.
Pages
71-86
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 yr Female Adult Not Reported Willamette Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 determined by palpation young/litter Female Adult 18 Willamette Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

A population study of the harvest mice (Reithrodontomys raviventris Dixon) in the Palo Alto Baylands Salt Marsh

Author(s)
Wondolleck, John T., William Zolan and Gary L. Stevens
Pages
52-64
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4 #/litter Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 25 d Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)

Citation:

Comparative ecology of the common garter snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the ribbon snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus) and Butler's garter snake (Thamnophis butleri) in mixed populations

Author(s)
Carpenter, Charles C.
Pages
235-238
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 18 young/litter Female Adult 20 Washtenaw County Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 2 number of clutches laid by 30 out of 81 total nesting females clutches/yr Female Adult 81 nesting females Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Mar 23 to Jul 13 period between onset and end of egg laying Female Adult 6-84 clutches laid/month Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Home range, activity and daily movements of coyotes

Author(s)
Andelt, William F. and Philip S. Gipson
Pages
944-951
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 24.2 composite home range estimated by minimum area method km2 Female Adult 4 Lancaster and Cass Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 20.7 SD
Citation:

Population characteristics of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the northern Chihuahuan desert of New Mexico

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Steven M. Ebbert and Brian T. Kelly
Pages
197-207
Year
Volume
138
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 9.5 kg Female Adult 13 Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >3 yrs 1.0 SE
Citation:

Coyote morphometric characteristics and mass dynamics in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L.
Pages
360-365
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 10.2 kg Female Adult 53 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2 yr Kern 0.2 SE
Citation:

Body size and condition of coyotes in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Richard M. Engeman and Jeffrey F. Bromaghin
Pages
47 - 52
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 6.5 kg Female Juvenile 40 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 yrs 0.2 SE

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Breeding ecology of Lanius ludovicianus nesting in sagebrush

Author(s)
Woods, Christopher P.
Pages
244-250
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.1 average number of eggs per clutch, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 84 clutches Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.8 SD
Citation:

Nesting ecology of the loggerhead shrike in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack D.
Pages
95-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.8 average clutch size, 4 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 101 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

The annual cycle of the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Tomich, P. Quentin
Pages
213-282
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 516 g Female Adult 112 Davis and Dixon Exposure Factor Datasets Solano, Yolo 104.5
Body Weight - Mean 373 referred to as "young females" g Female Juvenile 115 Davis and Dixon Exposure Factor Datasets Solano, Yolo 150.5
Citation:

Natural history of the ground squirrels of California

Author(s)
Grinnel, J. and J.S. Dixon
Pages
597-708
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 592 g Female Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Contribution to the natural history of the Plethodont salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii

Author(s)
Gnaedinger, Leslie McKay and Charles A. Reed
Pages
187-196
Year
Volume
1948
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 4.30 g Female Adult 11 Portland, Multnomah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutch/yr Female Adult Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Clutch or Litter Size 11 # large ovarian eggs/female #/clutch Female Adult 26 Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)

Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis

Author(s)
Millar, John S.
Pages
1280-1284
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 0.17 average daily food intake g/g/d Female Adult 49 captured in Alberta, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets non-breeding Laboratory

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Status and reproduction of the peregrine falcon at a coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Author(s)
Castellanos, Aradit, Federico Salinas-Zavala and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
110-112
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - Mar. time of laying Female Adult 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. labecula)

Citation:

Growth in two subspecies of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drickamer, Lee C. and Joan Bernstein
Pages
228-231
Year
Issue
1
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4.5 pups/litter Female Adult 21 litters captured in Mexico Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of northern Peromyscus maniculatus borealis

Author(s)
Millar, J.S.
Pages
510-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 24.4 g Female Adult 42 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets Lactating 0.4 SE Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate food ingestion during lactation; minimum from 0-3 d postpartum, maximum at 12-15 d postpartum. g/d Female Adult 41 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets 0 - 15 d Lactation Laboratory
Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutches or Litters per year 1.9 litters/yr Female Adult 38 Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.1 SE
Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus maniculatus over an elevational gradient

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G.L. Innes
Pages
124-129
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.25 #/litter Female Adult 137 Kananaskis Valley, Alberta (elev., 1370 - 2700m) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.07 SE

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.15 mean dry stomach content mass g Female Juvenile 22 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.03 SE

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Intersexual differences in growth, mortality, and size at maturity in bullfrogs in central Ontario

Author(s)
Shirose, L.J., R.J. Brooks, J.R. Barta and S.S. Desser
Pages
2363-2369
Year
Issue
12
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Sexual Maturity 5 Average age at maturity, measured in years post-transformation yr Female Adult 567 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

The rabbits of California

Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.6 young/litter Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets

Fresno Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides ssp. exilis)

Citation:

Observations on the natural history of the Fresno kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Culbertson, A.E.
Pages
189-193
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported adults captured near Fresno Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Natural history of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Author(s)
Barlow, Jon C.
Pages
243-296
Year
Issue
5
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.39 mean clutch size (over 2 years) eggs/clutch Female Adult 33 records Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Stability, regulation, and the determination of abundance in an insular song sparrow population

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter, James N. M. Smith, Wesley M. Hochachka, Christopher M. Rogers, and Donald Ludwig
Pages
805-822
Year
Issue
3
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density 7.8 median density; 10 fold fluctuation over 15 yr period females/ha Female Not Reported 19 years Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Download CSV
Subscribe to Female

Comment

Please let us know if the information on this page is helpful for you. Enter your comment and leave your email address if you would like to receive a response. Thank you!
OEHHA is subject to the California Public Records Act and other laws that require the release of certain information upon request. If you provide comments, please be aware that your name, address and e-mail may be available to third parties. In addition, all public comments will be posted on our web site upon the close of the comment period.
OEHHA California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment