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Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 9 (occassionally 21) based on presence of oviductal eggs and breeding color mo Female Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Time of Mating/ Laying May - July time of laying Female Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Mourning dove body weights in southeastern New Mexico during and after a dry spring and early summer

Author(s)
Griffing, James P., Paul E. Sawyer and Charles A. Davis
Pages
545-547
Year
Issue
4
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 112.7 mean body weight g Female Adult 9 birds southeastern area Exposure Factor Datasets 158.8 SD
Citation:

Reproductive success of mourning doves near a nuclear generating plant

Author(s)
Faanes, Craig A.
Pages
201-204
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1.8 mean clutch size Female Adult 524 nests Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Exposure Factor Datasets

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

The demography of the lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Gerard A. Hoddenbach, Philip A. Medica and Joseph R. Lannom
Pages
505-519
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Clutch or Litter Size range of average clutch sizes on 8 dates eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets <12 mo
Clutch or Litter Size range of average clutch sizes on 8 dates eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets >12 mo
Citation:

Home range, growth, and population density of Uta stansburiana in Arizona

Author(s)
Parker, William S.
Pages
135-139
Year
Issue
2
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.79 growth rate estimated by increase in snout-vent length (mm), snout-vent length range 40-50 mm mm/mo Female Not Reported 30 Phoenix South Mountain, Maricopa county Exposure Factor Datasets

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

The reproduction of heteromyid rodents in captivity

Author(s)
Eisenberg, John F. and Donald E. Isaac
Pages
61-67
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 pups/litter Female Adult 4 litters Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Population Ecology of a desert rodent: Dipodomys merriami in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author(s)
Zeng, Zongyong and James H. Brown
Pages
1328-1340
Year
Issue
5
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2 estimated by palpation young/litter Female Adult Not Reported Cave Creek Bajada, Cochise County (elev., 1330 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dispersal distance and the range of nightly movements in Merriam's kangaroo rats

Author(s)
Jones, Thomas W.
Pages
27-34
Year
Issue
1
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 2644 estimated via minimum convex polygon method m2 Female Adult 4 Portal Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Notes on home ranges and population density of two species of heteromyid rodents in southwestern Texas

Author(s)
York, Christopher L.
Pages
42-46
Year
Volume
1
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 3.39 acres Female Adult 4 Presidio County Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 #/ 1.91 acres Female Adult Not Reported Presidio County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Consumption of herbaceaous vegetation and water during reproduction and development of Merriam's Kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
445-457
Year
Issue
2
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 4.8 estimated from food intake (rolled oats and carrots) g/d Female Adult 16 captured in Clark County, NV Exposure Factor Datasets non-reproductive and gestating Laboratory
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 32.6 g Female Adult 154 Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 4.1 SD
Time of Hatching or Parturition Feb. - June Female Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. audubonii)

Citation:

Natural history observations on the Audubon cottontail

Author(s)
Ingles, Lloyd G.
Pages
227-250
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range < 1 acre Female Adult 10 Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 951 g Female Adult 9 measurements from 6 animals Sacramento Valley, Durham Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis, wintering biology and contaminant accumulation in Commencement Bay, Puget Sound, Washington

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and Robert A. Grove
Pages
460-472
Year
Issue
3
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 22 birds Commencement Bay Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology and production of western grebes at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark L. and Jessop B. Low
Pages
66-70
Year
Issue
1
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying early July peak of laying period Female Adult 386 nests Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Milk and energy intakes of suckling California Sea Lions (Z. californicus) pups in relation to sex, growth and predicted maintenance requirements

Author(s)
Oftedal, Olav T., Sara J. Iverson and Daryl J. Boness
Pages
560-575
Year
Issue
5
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Food Ingestion Rate daily energy intake estimated from milk intake; range of means for 2 yrs kcal/d Female Pup 1-8/yr San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 mo
Growth Rate daily weight gain; range of means for 2 yrs g/d Female Pup 4-8/yr San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 mo
Citation:

California sea lion mortality: Natural or artifact

Author(s)
Brownell, R. L. and B.J. LeBoeuf
Pages
287-305
Publisher
Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1 pup/litter Female Adult Not Reported San Miguel Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 mean clutch size among successful nests eggs Female Adult 32 nests St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2 SE

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Nutritional ecology of the California vole: Effects of food quality on reproduction

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
406-412
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 3.7 young/litter Female Adult 24 Exposure Factor Datasets subadult (4 weeks) 0.2 SE Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 3.7 young/litter Female Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Analysis of two freely-growing enclosed populations of the California vole

Author(s)
Lidicker, William Z.
Pages
447-466
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size pups/litter Female Adult 35 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean range of means measured in voles in enclosures in different seasons g Female Adult 5-45/sample Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Body Weight - Mean >35 g Female Adult Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Body Weight - Mean g Female Both Adults and Juveniles Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets subadult Contra Costa

California Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis), Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Citation:

Reproduction and food of some California snakes

Author(s)
Cunningham, John D.
Pages
17-19
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/female Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, Mariposa, Tuolumne

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Population characteristics of striped skunks in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Fuller, Todd K. and David W. Kuehn
Pages
813-815
Year
Issue
4
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.8 placental scars Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 animals Exposure Factor Datasets > 2 years 0.66 SE
Citation:

Care, management, and biology of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
575-584
Year
Issue
5
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4.38 pups/litter Female Adult 48 females Exposure Factor Datasets 2.38 SD Laboratory

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Breeding habits of captive long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata)

Author(s)
Wright, Philip L.
Pages
338-344
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 mo Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolism of weasels: The cost of being long and thin

Author(s)
Brown, James H. and Robert C. Lasiewski
Pages
939-943
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.84 standard metabolic rate at 32C, determined from oxygen consumption kcal/hr Female Adult 4 captured in White Pine County, NV Exposure Factor Datasets 0.12 SD Laboratory

Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)

Citation:

Influence of pregnancy on oxygen consumption, heart rate and hematology in the garter snake: Implications for the "cost of reproduction" in live bearing reptiles

Author(s)
Birchard, Geoffrey F., Craig P. Black, Gordon W. Schuett and Virginia Black
Pages
519-523
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.095 resting oxygen consumption at 25C cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Female Adult 6 captured in Michigan and Ohio Exposure Factor Datasets pregnant 0.010 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Stages in the normal development of the common garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis

Author(s)
Zehr, David R.
Pages
322-329
Year
Volume
1962
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 12.9 young/litter Female Adult 104 Hanover Exposure Factor Datasets 6.1 SD

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Comparative reproductive success of yellow-shafted, red-shafted and hybrid flickers across a hybrid zone

Author(s)
Moore, William S. and Walter D. Koenig
Pages
42-51
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean clutch sizes measured among auratus ssp., cafer ssp., and auratus/cafer hybrid flickers eggs/clutch Female Adult 10-32 clutches per subspecies or hybrid group Lincoln, Morrill, Scottsbluff Counties, NE; Platte County, WY Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Summer and autumn breeding of the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Storer, Tracy I.
Pages
235-237
Year
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of means embryos/female Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The California Ground Squirrel

Author(s)
Linsdale, Jean M.
Pages
475
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 397.3 g Female Not Reported 373 Hastings Natural History Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Clutch or Litter Size 7.5 estimated from embryo or embryo scar counts young/litter Female Adult 40 Hastings Natural History Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Social distribution and population estimates of coyotes in north-central Montana

Author(s)
Pyrah, Duane
Pages
670-690
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 7.8 mean den area; land area around a den or rendezvous used by group km2 Female Adult 3 Missouri River Breaks Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote morphometric characteristics and mass dynamics in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L.
Pages
360-365
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 10.1 kg Female Adult 5 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2 yr Kern 1.1 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2.2 kg Female Pup 19 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.1 SE
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968

Author(s)
Nellis, Carl H. and Lloyd B. Keith
Pages
389-399
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 5.3 pups/litter Female Adult 26 Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Nesting habits of the California shrike

Author(s)
Atkinson, William A.
Pages
9-11
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 9 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Citation:

Nest ecology, productivity, and growth of the loggerhead shrike on the shortgrass prairie

Author(s)
Porter, David K., Mark A. Strong, J. Brent Giezentanner and Ronald A. Ryder
Pages
429-436
Year
Issue
4
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 6.39 average clutch size, 4 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 77 pairs Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

An age-structured demographic model for endangered Stephens' kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Price, Mary V. and Patrick A. Kelly
Pages
810-821
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 2.67 young/litter Female Adult 6 Motte Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Effects of supplemental food on growth and adult size in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
1416-1423
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Body Weight - Mean with & without supplemental food g Female Adult 27 Exposure Factor Datasets 56-108 d CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

A study of prairie deer mouse populations in southern Michigan

Author(s)
Blair, W. Frank
Pages
273-309
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 0.64 acres Female Juvenile 9 Edwin S. George Reserve, University of Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets 0.9
Citation:

Home range relationships of three rodent species in southeast Oregon

Author(s)
Feldhamer, George A.
Pages
50-57
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 392.0 m2 Female Not Reported 8 sagebrush habitat, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 173.2 - 573.3 (2-sigma)
Citation:

Some rodent populations in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Storer, T.I., F.C. Evans and F.G. Palmer
Pages
166-192
Year
Issue
2
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.12 acres Female Juvenile 12 Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Intraspecific variation in body size, metabolic rate, and reproduction of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Author(s)
Earle, Michael and D. M. Lavigne
Pages
381-388
Year
Issue
2
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size range of means from 3 sites pups/litter Female Adult 19-29 adults captured at Milk River, Alberta [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 111^o45'W] and Sydney, British Columbia, Canada [lat., 48^o43'N; long., 123^o20'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)

Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis

Author(s)
Millar, John S.
Pages
1280-1284
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 25.5 mean of 10 shortest times d Female Adult 10 captured in Alberta, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 5.14 litter size at parturition #/litter Female Adult 104 captured in Alberta, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets 0.14 SE Laboratory

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Organochlorines in Alaskan peregrine falcon eggs and their current impact on productivity

Author(s)
Ambrose, Robert E., Charles J. Henny, Robin E. Hunter, and John A. Crawford
Pages
385-393
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.39 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 18 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and habitat requirements of peregrine falcons on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Author(s)
Jenkins, Andrew R., and Grant A. Benn
Pages
90-97
Year
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Foraging Distance 9.2 maximum distance travelled from nest cliff km Female Adult 2 Cape Peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets SOUTH AFRICA
Citation:

Status and reproduction of the peregrine falcon at a coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Author(s)
Castellanos, Aradit, Federico Salinas-Zavala and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
110-112
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting Mar. - June time when eggs were laid to time when all young abandoned nests Female Adult 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Effects of female pairing status and timing of breeding on nesting productivity in western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta)

Author(s)
Dickinson, T.E., J.B. Falls, and J. Kopachena
Pages
3093-3101
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.32 number of young fledged per female young/female Female Adult 38 females near Delta, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.06 SE

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,085 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 29 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage, paired 18 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 188 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 23 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets late prebasic molt 13 SE
Body Weight - Mean 983 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 21 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage, unpaired 20 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 219 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 6 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets basic plumage, prespring migration departure 13 SE
Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Time of Migration or Dispersal April 20 - May 14 Female Adult Not Reported prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets three years and older
Clutch or Litter Size 8.49 eggs Female Adult 57 prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets second year 1.23 SE
Citation:

Harvest distribution and survival of mallards banded in California

Author(s)
Rienecker, Warren C.
Year
Issue
1
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 46 average survival rate of birds banded 1948-1982 % Female Juvenile Not Reported Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, n.e. CA Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relative success of overwater and upland mallard nests in southwestern Manitoba

Author(s)
Arnold, T.W., M.D. Sorenson, and J.J. Rotella
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 43.9% nest success rate (Mayfield method) among overwater nests Female Adult 47 Minnedosa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Survival and nest success of sympatric female mallards, Anas platyrynchos, and American black ducks, Anas rubripes, breeding in a forested environment

Author(s)
Dwyer, Chris P. and Guy A. Baldassare
Pages
213-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 9.3 eggs Female Adult 18 Adirondack Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 (SD)

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of northern Peromyscus maniculatus borealis

Author(s)
Millar, J.S.
Pages
510-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 19.2 g Female Adult 103 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets nonbreeding 0.9 SE Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 33.6 g Female Adult 45 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 d postpartum 0.7 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 3.67 daily ingestion rate; animals fed Purina lab chow; body weight averaged 20.34 g g/d Female Adult 40 captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets non-breeding 0.11 SE Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 194.2 cumulative food ingestion from parturition to weaning (approx. 24 d); Purina lab chow g Female Adult 37 captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets lactating 5.5 SE Laboratory

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Reproductive patterns in captive American kestrels (sparrow hawks)

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D. and Stanley N. Wiemeyer
Pages
46-53
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Time of Mating/ Laying March-May period of laying Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets breeding Laboratory
Citation:

An analysis of the population dynamics of selected avian species with special reference to changes during the modern pesticide era

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J.
Pages
23-28
Publisher
United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.59 eggs/clutch Female Adult 244 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.60 SD
Citation:

Notes on the American sparrow hawk

Author(s)
Roest, A.I.
Pages
1-19
Year
Issue
1
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 119.0 g Female Adult 72 throughout USA Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.3 mean dry stomach content mass g Female Adult 97 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.03 SE
Food Ingestion Rate 0.14 mean dry stomach content mass g Female Juvenile 29 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.02 SE

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

The reproductive behavior of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Ryan, Michael J.
Pages
108-114
Year
Volume
1980
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr - June Female Adult 36 Basking Pond, Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Morris County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Emergence, breeding, hibernation, movements and transformation of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in Missouri

Author(s)
Willis, Yuell L., Don L. Moyle, and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
30-41
Year
Volume
1956
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May (begin), June (peak), Aug. (end) Measured as examining percentage of females with gonads in different developmental stages Female Adult 350 farm ponds, Boone County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age, growth, and homing in the bullfrog

Author(s)
Durham, Leonard and George W. Bennett
Pages
107-123
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May - June Female Adult Not Reported Ridge Lake, Charleston, Coles County Exposure Factor Datasets

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Social effects of roosting on the metabolism of the pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Author(s)
Trune, Dennis R., and C.N. Slobodchikoff
Pages
656-663
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 23.3 g Female Juvenile 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive cycle of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the eastern Mojave desert

Author(s)
Rostal, David C., Valentine A. Lance, Janice S. Grumbles and Allison C. Alberts
Pages
72-82
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Studies of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Woodbury, Angus M. and Ross Hardy
Pages
145-200
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying early summer laying Female Not Reported Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Ovarian cycle of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
284-289
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 49 Puente Hills and San Gabriel River, Whittier Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

The evolution of maternal investment in lizards: an experimental and comparative analysis of egg size and its effects on offspring performance

Author(s)
Sinervo, Barry
Pages
279-294
Year
Issue
2
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 39 - 59 Table Mountain, Wrightwood (elev., 2200m) and Mojave desert, Pearblossom (elev., 1330m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.50 eggs/clutch Female Adult 10 "montane" habitat, (elev., 1830m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego 0.62

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Notes on the range and life history of the Pacific fresh-water turtle, Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Storer, Tracy I.
Pages
429-441
Year
Issue
5
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying June - Aug. time of egg deposition Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Reproduction in the desert lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mayhew, Wilbur W.
Pages
57-77
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutch/yr Female Adult Not Reported Dale Dry Lake, Palm Springs and Algodones Dunes Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino

Eastern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. columbianum)

Citation:

Demography and migratory patterns of the eastern long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum columbianum

Author(s)
Beneski Jr., John T., Zalisko, Edward J. and John H. Larsen, Jr.
Pages
398-408
Year
Volume
1986
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 6.02 g Female Adult 134 Moscow, Latah County Exposure Factor Datasets 0.04 SE

Valley Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. fitchi)

Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 11.32 based on embryo count eggs/litter Female Adult 22 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.98

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Metabolic rates of red-tailed hawks and great horned owls

Author(s)
Pakpahan, Ani M., Jonathon B. Haufler and Harold H. Prince
Pages
1000-1002
Year
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.343 mean standard metabolic rate ml O^2/g bw/hr Female Adult 2 birds Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 0.044 Laboratory
Citation:

Red-tailed hawk and horned owl populations in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Orians, Gordon and Frank Kuhlman
Pages
371-385
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb 5-15 peak period of egg laying Female Adult 11-17 nests (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Author(s)
Kenyon, Karl W.
Pages
1-352
Year
Issue
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 1.96 kg Female Juvenile 6 Amchitka Island Exposure Factor Datasets newborn
Citation:

Estimating sea otter reproductive rates

Author(s)
Eberhardt, L.L. and K.B. Schneider
Pages
31-37
Publisher
Society for Marine Mammology
Year
Issue
1
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Clutches or Litters per year Pr {giving birth in a year} = 1- (1-p1)^120(1-p2)^65 p1 = daily probability of becoming pregnant during the high probability period
p2 = daily probability of becoming pregnant during the remaining part of the year.
p1 and p2 = 0.02 and 0.00067, respectively, based on observations from Prince William Sound, 		Female Adult 1,482 Aleutian islands, AK Exposure Factor Datasets 2-16 years

Red-spotted Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. concinnus)

Citation:

Some observations on the natural history of two Oregon garter snakes (Genus Thamnophis)

Author(s)
Stewart, Glenn R.
Pages
71-86
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 90 d Female Adult Not Reported Willamette Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)

Citation:

Natural history of the ground squirrels of California

Author(s)
Grinnel, J. and J.S. Dixon
Pages
597-708
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 154.5 g Female Adult 3 Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying April 18 to July 15 period of time from beginning to end of egg laying for one year Female Adult 9 nests Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Reproduction of three species of pocket mice, (Perognathus) in the Bonneville Basin, Utah

Author(s)
Cramer, Kenneth L. and Joseph A. Chapman
Pages
361-365
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.78 embryos/litter Female Adult 9 Floating Island, Tooele County (elev., 1300-1420 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.22

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 17.3 average distance moved between recaptures ft Female Adult 13 Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas formerly Bufo boreas)

Citation:

Western toad, Bufo boreas, in southern Utah: Notes on a single population along the east fork of the Sevier River

Author(s)
Robinson, Megan, Michael P. Donovan and Terry D. Schwaner
Pages
87-89
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 92.9 mean and range of body weight g Female Adult 18 Garfield County Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

The effect of burrow site use on the reproductive success of a partially migratory population of western burrowing owls (Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea)

Author(s)
Botelho, Eugene S., and Patricia C. Arrowood
Pages
233-240
Year
Issue
3
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 8.8 mean clutch size in artificial burrows eggs/clutch Female Adult 8 clutches, 66 eggs New Mexico State University Exposure Factor Datasets 1.8 SE
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