Female

Export to CSV
Displaying 1214 data points

Pacific Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
PCB Range: <1.6-48.9 ng/g Fat concentration Female 21 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
PCB Range: <1.6 ng/g Kidney concentration Female 21 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
PCB Range: <1.6-37.7 ng/g Kidney concentration Female 21 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
SILVER COMPOUNDS Tumor score 0: 2.61, score 1: 0.90, score 2: 2.00, score 3: 2.71 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
SILVER COMPOUNDS Tumor score 0: 0.51, score 1: 0.21, score 2: 0.39, score 3: 0.59 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
CADMIUM (elemental) Tumor score 0: 0.39, score 1: 0.17, score 2: 0.26, score 3: 0.35 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
CADMIUM (elemental) Tumor score 0: 0.08, score 1: 0.04, score 2: 0.05, score 3: 0.08 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
COPPER (elemental) Tumor score 0: 4.64, score 1: 5.56, score 2: 6.42, score 3: 8.30 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
COPPER (elemental) Tumor score 0: 0.95, score 1: 1.29, score 2: 1.24, score 3: 1.80 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
NICKEL (elemental) Tumor score 0: 44.07, score 1: 46.74, score 2: 57.85, score 3: 50.01 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
NICKEL (elemental) Tumor score 0: 9.15, score 1: 11.20, score 2: 10.99, score 3: 11.22 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
LEAD (elemental) Tumor score 0: 4.77, score 1: 3.77, score 2: 7.76, score 3: 11.15 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
LEAD (elemental) Tumor score 0: 0.98, score 1: 0.95, score 2: 1.43, score 3: 2.41 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
ZINC (elemental) Tumor score 0: 3.44, score 1: 2.00, score 2: 3.62, score 3: 5.10 µg/g dw Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
ZINC (elemental) Tumor score 0: 0.66, score 1: 0.47, score 2: 0.64, score 3: 1.14 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Influence of feeding chlorocholine chloride and glyphosine on selected immune parameters in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Olson, Leon J. and Ronald D. Hinsdill
Pages
103-114
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CHLOROCHOLINE CHLORIDE increase @ 80 mg/kg bw/d plaque forming cells/g spleen Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROCHOLINE CHLORIDE decrease @ 80 mg/kg bw/d reciprocal of hemolysin titers (against sheep rbc) Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE increase @ 20, 80 mg/kg bw/d liver weight to body weight ratio Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE increased @ 1-80 mg/kg thymus weight to bw ratio Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE increase@ 80 mg/kg bw/d white blood cell count Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of range treatment with 2,4-D on rodent populations

Author(s)
Johnson, Donald R. and Richard M. Hansen
Pages
125-132
Year
Issue
1
Volume
33
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DICHLOROPHENOXY-ACETIC ACID (2,4-) no effect mean litter size, based upon number of viable embryos or placental scars Female Adult 66-77 animals Gunnison County and Saquache County, (elev., 8500 - 9300 ft.) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy acquisition and allocation in Peromyscus maniculatus exposed to aldicarb and cool temperatures

Author(s)
French, Jr., John B. and Warren P. Porter
Pages
927-933
Year
Volume
6
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ALDICARB no effect growth rate estimated by changes in body weight Female 8 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 29 - 32 d Laboratory
ALDICARB no effect daily activity measured as time spend in burrow or moving in/out of burrow Female 8 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 29 - 32 d Laboratory
Citation:

Lead poisoning in roadside populations of deer mice

Author(s)
Mierau, Gary W. and Blaise E. Favara
Pages
55-64
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect number of litters per 100 breeding females, measured by observing litters in nesting boxes at a control and roadside site Female Adult 50 nesting boxes, 66 observation periods nimals Interstate 25, Denver (elev. 1884-2018 m) Toxicity Factor Datasets

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in wild cormorants, pelicans, their eggs, food and environment

Author(s)
Greichus, Yvonne A. Greichus and R.J. Emerick
Pages
321-328
Year
Issue
6
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 5.7 ppm wet wt PCBs concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 eggs Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.29 ppm wet wt mercury mean concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 eggs Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive failures of double-crested cormorants in southern California and Baja California

Author(s)
Gress, Franklin, Robert W. Risebrough, Daniel W. Anderson, Lloyd F. Kiff and Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
Pages
197-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 28.8% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 17 eggs Anacapa Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 38.3% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 23 eggs Los Coronados Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Larson, Jill M., William H. Karasov, Louis Sileo, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Barbara A. Hanbidge, John P. Giesy, Paul D. Jones, Donald E. Tillitt and David A. Verbrugge
Pages
553-559
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased compared with reference clutch size Female Adult 466 and 953 nests (2 yrs) Spider Is., Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on mourning dove reproduction and circulating progesterone levels

Author(s)
Koval, P.J., T.J. Peterle and J.D. Harder
Pages
663-670
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254 no effect progesterone concentration in blood Female Adult 10-13/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 earlier @ 10 ppm timing of peak progesterone concentration in blood Female Adult 10-13/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Residues in common flicker and mountain bluebird eggs one year after a DDT application

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Roger A. Olson and Dennis L. Meeker
Pages
115-122
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult 8 eggs (reference), 12 eggs (treatment) NE Oregon, SE Washington, Idaho Toxicity Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Aroclor 1242 and reproductive success of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Haseltine, Susan D. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1242 decrease @ 150 ppm body weight at 6, 8 and 12 wks of treatment Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 no effect @ 150 ppm embryo mortality, # infertile eggs/clutch or # eggs hatched/clutch Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 8.9% decrease @ 150 ppm eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 105.0 (7.7 SE) mg Aroclor 1260/kg egg @ 150 ppm PCB concentration in eggs (PCB resembled Aroclor 1260 profile most closely) Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 no effect @ 150 ppm weight and survival of offspring (exposed in ovo) fed control diet after hatching for 3 wks Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dicofol on mallard eggshell quality

Author(s)
Bennett, Jewel K., Stephen E. Dominguez and William L. Griffis
Pages
907-912
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) ST = 0.986 - 0.060C regression equation relating shell thickness (mm) to log10 yolk concentration (C, ug/g); r2=0.54 Female Adult 63 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) no effect mean daily food consumption rate (166.4 g food/kg body weight) Female Adult 5-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Dieldrin and p,p'-DDT effects on some microsomal enzymes of livers of chickens and mallard ducks

Author(s)
Davison, Kenneth L. and Jerry L. Sell
Pages
1198-1205
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDT (4,4'-) increase @ 100-200 ug/g estradiol metabolism and cytochrome P450 concentration Female Adult 4/dose/sampling time Toxicity Factor Datasets 80 d at initiation Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity in mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Louis Sileo and Helen C. Murray
Pages
128-136
Year
Volume
75
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 270 ppm brain weight compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ all doses activity of brain and plasma cholinesterase, and brain neurotoxic esterase compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 60, 270 ppm plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
Citation:

Some effects of DDE and PCB on mallards and their eggs

Author(s)
Risebrough, Robert W. and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
508-513
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) see citation figure of # eggs/female/wk over time Female Adult 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 373 (95% CL; 152-574) ppm lipid basis @ 40 ppm diet DDE residue concentrations in eggs Female Adult 12 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) 344 (95% CL; 156-686) ppm DDE lipid basis and 346 (95%CL; 133-686) ppm PCB lipid basis @ 40 ppm DDE + 40 ppm PCB diet mean DDE and PCB residue levels in eggs Female Adult 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Tissue-specific bioenergetic effects and increased enzymatic activities following acute sublethal peroral exposure to cyanide in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Ma, Juntao and Chris A. Pritsos
Pages
297-302
Year
Volume
142
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CYANIDE no effect rhodanese and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activities in liver and heart versus controls Female Adult 5/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary mercury and lead on eggshell thickness in mallards

Author(s)
Haegele, Max A., Richard K. Tucker and R.H. Hudson
Pages
5-11
Year
Issue
1
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-), LEAD COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS decreased with both treatments eggshell thickness versus controls Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 78.2 (carcass); 61.6 (egg); 4.1 (brain) ppm, wet wt DDE residues in whole carcass, egg contents, and brain Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2.5 (carcass); 1.25 (egg); 23.7 (kidney) ppm, wet wt mercury residues in whole carcass, egg contents, and kidneys Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS 3.7 (carcass); 2.5 (egg); 2.5 (eggshells); 9.6 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead;
3.4 (carcass); 0.88 (egg); 2.8 (eggshells); 35.0 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead + DDE 		lead residues in whole carcass, egg contents, eggshells, and bone Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Influence of laying on lead accumulation in bone of mallard ducks

Author(s)
Finley, M.T.; Dieter, M.P.
Pages
123-129
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect egg production versus controls Female Adult 20 females/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of boron and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival

Author(s)
Stanley, Thomas R., Jr., Gregory J. Smith, David J. Hoffman, Gary H. Heinz, and Roger Rosscoe
Pages
1124-1132
Year
Issue
7
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 7 ppm Se body weight versus controls Female Adult 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 7 ppm Se hatching success versus controls Female Adult 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of DDT on eggshell quality and calcium adenosine triphosphatase

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
699-704
Year
Volume
3
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) no effect Ca - ATPase activity in eggshell glands versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Behavior of mallard ducklings from parents fed 3 ppm DDE

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
640-645
Year
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) no effect behavior of offspring; latency in response to approach a maternal call and distance travelled from a frightening stimulus Female Adult 4 adults/dose; 141-175 offspring/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 0.021 - 0.028 ppm wet wt @ 0 ppm; 5.8 (0.32 SE; range 4.28-7.23) ppm wet wt @ 3 ppm mean and range of DDE egg concentrations Female Adult 8 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) increase @ 3 ppm responsiveness of offspring to maternal call; % that approached call and % that spent 100% of time near call after initial approach Female Adult 4 adults/dose; 148-156 offspring/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) decrease @ 3ppm decrease in distance traveled in those offspring that traveled more than 10 cm from a frightening stimulus Female Adult 4 adults/dose; 64-71 offspring/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Biochemical assessment of cyanide-induced toxicity in migratory birds from gold mining hazardous waste ponds

Author(s)
Pritsos, Chris A. and Juntao Ma
Pages
203-209
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CYANIDE increased @ 1, 2 mg/kg bw serum creatine kinase activity versus controls Female Adult at least 5 determinations/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CYANIDE decreased @ 0.5,1,2 mg/kg bw respiratory control ratios in heart, liver and brain versus controls Female Adult at least 5 determinations/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of DDE on the Ca metabolism of the duck eggshell gland and its subcellular fractions; Relations to the functional stage

Author(s)
Lundholm, C.E.
Pages
5-12
Year
Volume
78
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 1.23 +/- 0.12 ug/g wet weight mean +/- SE p,p'-DDE concentration in shell gland mucosa Female Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 28% decrease @ 40 mg/kg eggshell index (shell weight/shell length x breadth), compared to control Female Adult 9-20/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) no effect plasma calcium concentration Female Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of ingested petroleum on the plasma prolactin levels during incubation and on the breeding success of paired mallard ducks

Author(s)
Cavanaugh, K.P., A.R. Goldsmith, W.N. Holmes and B.K. Follett
Pages
335-341
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase length of reproductive cycle; due to prolonged phase of gonadal maturation Female Adult 17 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
CRUDE OILS no effect clutch size Female Adult 17 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decrease % hatchability (53% @ 3ml/100g vs 71% in controls) Female Adult 17 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Comparison of the effects of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-D,L-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and David J. Hoffman
Pages
169-175
Year
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE 9.2(0.52) ppm with seleno-D,L-methionine; 8.9(0.35) ppm with seleno-L-methionine; 6.6(0.37) ppm with selenized yeast mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of selenium in 8th egg laid Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Some evidence for an effect of ingested petroleum on the fertility of the mallard drake (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Holmes, W.N. and K.P. Cavanaugh
Pages
898-901
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease % fertile eggs and # of ducklings; when male, female or both male and female exposed to oil, compared to control Female Adult 3 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 5.5 mo at initiation Laboratory
Citation:

Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
261-269
Year
Issue
3
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 112.27 (+/- 44.27); lead-iron: 32.65 (+/- 16.58) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in bone (mean +/- SE) Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 0.71 (+/- 0.25); lead-iron: 0.31 (+/- 0.06) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in blood (mean +/- SE) Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of ingested bismuth alloy shot in game-farm mallards: Chronic health effects and effects on reproduction

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Karen L. Duncan, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey D. Brawn and James W. Seets
Pages
217-252
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) decreased with Pb liver weight versus controls (females only) Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
Citation:

The effects of DDT, DDE and their sulfonated derivatives on eggshell formation in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J.
Pages
697-701
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see citation figure of eggshell thickness over 30 d period (significant differences noted at various times) Female Adult 20/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Organochlorines and eggshell thinning in peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus eggs from the eastern United States

Author(s)
Burns, S.A., W.M. Jarman, T.J. Cade, L.F. Kiff and B.J. Walton
Pages
709-716
Publisher
Pica Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 11% decrease eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 112 eggs eastern U.S. coast Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Chlorinated hydrocarbons in peregrines and their prey species from northern Canada

Author(s)
Enderson, James H. and Daniel D. Berger
Pages
149-153
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 0.9-7.2 (DDT); 10.4-41.8 (DDE); 0.9-3.4 (DDD); 0.3-2.0 (dieldrin); 0.2-1.2 (heptachlor epoxide) range of concentrations in eggs (ppm, wet wt) Female Adult 7 eggs Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 37.3 (DDT), 284 (DDE), 39.5 (DDD), 3.3 (dieldrin), 4.4 (heptachlor epoxide) mean residue concentrations in fat (ppm, wet wt) Female Adult 9 birds Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets nesting CANADA
Citation:

Eggshell thickness and contaminant analysis of reintroduced, urban nesting peregrine falcons in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Septon, Greg A., and Jim B. Marks
Pages
25-30
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AROCLOR 1248, AROCLOR 1254, AROCLOR 1260, DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 9 eggs urban nest sites Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorines in Alaskan peregrine falcon eggs and their current impact on productivity

Author(s)
Ambrose, Robert E., Charles J. Henny, Robin E. Hunter, and John A. Crawford
Pages
385-393
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 13.1% and 13.6% decreases in tundrius and anatum ssp. eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 21 and 34 eggs for tundrius and anatum ssp. Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 48.0 (DDE), 3.35 (DDD), 1.02 (DDT), 1.45 (dieldrin) mean concentrations of pesticides in eggs (ppm, dry weight) Female Adult 2 eggs Yukon River Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Pesticide residues in Arizona peregrine falcon eggs and prey

Author(s)
Ellis, D.H., L.R. Deweese, T.G. Grubb, L.F. Kiff, D.G. Smith, W. M. Jarman, and D.B. Peakall
Pages
57-64
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 6.4-33 ppm, dry wt range of concentrations in whole addled eggs Female Adult 5 eggs from 3 clutches Toxicity Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Reproductive and morphological effects of o,p-dicofol on two generations of captive American kestrels

Author(s)
MacLellan, K.N.M., D.M. Bird, D.M. Fry, and J.L. Cowles
Pages
364-372
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL decreased 5.45% (@ 5 mg/kg), 10.98% (@ 20 mg/kg) eggshell thickness compared to controls Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL non-detectable (@ 5 mg/kg), 560 ng/g (@ 20 mg/kg) mean concentration of metabolite dichlorobenzophenone in eggs Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL increased @ 5 mg/kg numbers of chicks or eggs lost (destroyed) by breeding male and female offspring of dicofol-treated females versus controls Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL no effect eggshell thickness for breeding female offspring of dicofol-treated females versus controls Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Accumulation of lead and organochlorine residues in captive American kestrels fed pine voles from apple orchards

Author(s)
Stendell, Rey C., W. Nelson Beyer and Robert A. Stehn
Pages
388-391
Year
Issue
3
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS 1.05 (0.05 SE) ppm (wet wt) lead concentration in liver Female Juvenile 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.70 (0.20 SE) ppm (wet wt) lead concentration in tibia Female Juvenile 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS 232 (9 SE) ppm (wet wt) DDE concentration in carcass Female Juvenile 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, LEAD COMPOUNDS 10.4 (0.6 SE) ppm (wet wt) DDE concentration in brain Female Juvenile 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1946 museum speciments Female Adult 3 eggs south-central Montana Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Pesticide levels, egg and eggshell parameters of great horned owls

Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
184-187
Year
Issue
4
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE 5% decrease eggshell thickness index compared with reference eggs Female Adult 18 eggs, 15 clutches Butler, Delaware, Hamilton Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine toxicants in great horned owls from New York, 1981-82

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B., and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
1-7
Year
Issue
1
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to PCB intoxication, based on brain residues Female Adult 1 owl Greene County Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

First records of chlordane-related mortality in wild birds

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Charles J. Henny
Pages
196-198
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of mortality as a result of organochlorine poisoning Female Adult 1 owl 6 km s. of Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Brown pelicans: Improved reproduction off the southern California coast

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph R. Jehl, Jr., Robert W. Risebrough, Leon A. Woods, Jr., Lawrence R. Deweese, and William G. Edgecomb
Pages
806-808
Year
Volume
190
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) significantly decreased compared to pre-1943 samples eggshell thickness (of intact or broken eggshells) Female Adult 86 eggs Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) non-detectable DDT plus TDE, 96.6 ppm DDE, lipid wet basis concentration in egg contents Female Adult 39 eggs Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Heptachlor seed treatment contaminates hawks, owls, and eagles of Columbia Basin, Oregon

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and T. Earl Kaiser
Pages
41-48
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
HEPTACHLOR no effect mean clutch size Female Adult 6 nests Columbia Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEPTACHLOR no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult 6 nests Columbia Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Potential heavy metal influence on the death of several species of pinnipeds

Author(s)
Van Heekeren, A. and Edwin J. Skoch
Pages
51-61
Year
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, LEAD COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS increase incidence of epileptiform seizures and subsequent death associated with "unusual" Se levels Female Adult 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Premature birth in California sea lions: Association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels.

Author(s)
DeLong, Robert L., William G. Gilmartin and John G. Simpson
Pages
1168-1170
Year
Issue
4105
Volume
181
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of premature parturtion associated with elevated DDT and PCB residues, compared to full term parturient group Female Adult 4-6/group San Miguel Island Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 - 15 yrs

Citation:

Changes attributable to pesticides in egg breakage frequency and eggshell thickness in some British birds.

Author(s)
Ratcliffe, D.A.
Pages
67-115
Year
Issue
1
Volume
7
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
ALDRIN, DDT (Technical Grade Mixture), DIELDRIN, ENDRIN, HEPTACHLOR, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, LINDANE review eggshell breakage, weight and thickness compared to 1950 measurements Female Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets UNITED KINGDOM

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the diet and eggs of the Florida brown pelican

Author(s)
Thompson, Neal P., Patrick W. Rankin, Patricia E. Cowan, Lovett E. Williams, Jr. and Stephen A. Nesbitt
Pages
331-339
Year
Issue
3
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AROCLOR 1254, DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 0.896 ppm DDE, 0.256 ppm DDD, 0.166 ppm DDT, 0.208 dieldrin, 2.241 ppm PCB 1254 mean residues in eggs Female Adult 29 eggs east coast Toxicity Factor Datasets
Download CSV
Subscribe to Female

Comment

Please let us know if the information on this page is helpful for you. Enter your comment and leave your email address if you would like to receive a response. Thank you!
OEHHA is subject to the California Public Records Act and other laws that require the release of certain information upon request. If you provide comments, please be aware that your name, address and e-mail may be available to third parties. In addition, all public comments will be posted on our web site upon the close of the comment period.
OEHHA California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment