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Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of snowy plovers at Great Salt Lake, Utah

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Pages
275
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3 modal clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 327 clutches Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.87 average number of chicks fledged per successful brood chicks/brood Female Adult 3 yrs data collection Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
174-181
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 pups/litter Female Adult 16 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in Iowa

Author(s)
Andrews, Ronald D. and Edward K. Boggess
Pages
249-265
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of 5 yearly averages pups/litter Female Adult 5 yrs Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote movements in Sagehen Creek basin, northeastern California

Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Pages
154-161
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 21.5 lbs Female Adult 26 Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Berg, William E. and Robert A. Chesness
Pages
229-247
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights kg Female Adult Not Reported Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

The behaviour of California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Owings, Donald H., Mark Borchert and Ross Virginia
Pages
221-230
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 4217.07 m2 Female Adult 5 Capay (elev., 305 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo 1515.67 SD
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight, fat, and behaviour of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, Kay E. and Scott Nunes
Pages
1425-1433
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.9 young/litter Female Adult 47 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus ( elev., 120 m) [lat., 37^0W; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz multiparous 0.3 SE
Body Weight - Mean 526 g Female Adult 233 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus ( elev., 120 m) [lat., 37^0W; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz non-reproductive 6 SE
Citation:

Circulating prolactin in free-living california ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, Kay E., Scott Nunes, and Frank Talamantes
Pages
484-492
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Clutch or Litter Size 6.9 young/litter Female Adult 14 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz primiparous

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Parameters of population and seasonal activity of striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, in Alberta and Saskatchewan

Author(s)
Schowalter, David B. and John R. Gunson
Pages
409-420
Year
Issue
4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean kg Female Adult 556 females Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 6.8 embryos; all ages pups/litter Female Adult 87 females Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.22 difference in weight of newly emerged young between 1st and 2nd capture/ time interval (4-11d) g/d Female Juvenile 30 Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.05 SE
Survival/ Mortality 67 over-winter survival % Female Adult 6 Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Energy requirements during reproduction of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Stebbins, L.L.
Pages
1701-1704
Year
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size #/litter Female Adult 8 captured in Lethbridge, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Demographic changes in fluctuating populations of Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Krebs, Charles J.
Pages
239-273
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of minimum # alive in 8 areas at 103 weekly intervals #/acre Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality range of mean minimum survival rates per 14 d Female Adult 2 periods of weekly sampling Tilden Regional Park Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Extra-large body size in California voles: causes and fitness consequences

Author(s)
Lidicker, William Z., and Richard S. Ostfield
Pages
108-121
Year
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 17 d Female Adult Not Reported Brooks Island, San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.2 mean; height of growing season pups/litter Female Adult 13 Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.8 (95%CI)
Citation:

Intraspecific litter size variation in Microtus californicus II. variation between populations

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
1174-1182
Year
Issue
6
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 24.4 median weight at sexual maturity g Female Adult 30 Sea Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Sonoma

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Nesting habits of the mourning dove in Alabama

Author(s)
Pearson, Allen M. and George C. Moore
Pages
468-473
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 592 clutches near Auburn Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Gonadal and hormonal characteristics of juvenile female mourning doves in Virginia

Author(s)
Mirarchi, R.E., P.F. Scanlon, F.C. Gwazdauskas and R.L. Kirkpatrick
Pages
415-425
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 114.3 mean body weight g Female Juvenile 5 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 131 days 3.3 SE
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 93+ age of puberty attainment d Female Yearling 91 birds east-central area Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Seasonal home ranges and activity of small mammals of a Colorado subalpine forest

Author(s)
Merritt, Joseph F. and Joanie M. Merritt
Pages
195 - 202
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 0.01 area of subniven runway systems ha Female Adult 5 eastern slope, Colorado Rocky Mountains (elev., 3120 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.36 SE
Home Range 0.02 ha Female Adult 9 eastern slope, Colorado Rocky Mountains (elev., 3120 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.55 SE
Citation:

Relationship between metabolic rate and energy expenditure for lactation in Peromyscus

Author(s)
Glazier, Douglas S.
Pages
587-590
Year
Issue
4
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4.3 pups/litter Female Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.36 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 4.46 rate of energy expenditure for lactation per gram maternal weight kJ/g/d Female Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.29 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive pattern in four coexisting rodent species from the Cascade Mountains, Washington

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and Barnes, B. M.
Year
Issue
2
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.6 #/litter Female Adult 6 Cascade Mountains, Fish Lake [lat., 47^o, 49'N; long., 120^o, 40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 1.37 SD
Clutches or Litters per year litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Cascade Mountains, Fish Lake [lat., 47^o, 49'N; long., 120^o, 40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus in seasonal environments

Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Age at Sexual Maturity 64.6 median age at maturity d Female Adult 139 Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 4.70 #/litter Female Adult 10 Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets primiparous CANADA 0.54 SE

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Probleme der Fortpflanzungsbiolgie und Bestandserhaltung bei deutschen Wanderfalken (Falco peregrinus)

Author(s)
Mebs, Theodor
Pages
47-56
Year
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 3.21 eggs/nest Female Adult 24 nests Southern Germany Exposure Factor Datasets GERMANY
Citation:

The peregrine population of western North America

Author(s)
Bond, Richard M.
Pages
101-116
Year
Issue
3
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 3.70 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 77 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

Status and breeding ecology of the southwestern willow flycatcher in the Grand Canyon

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Timothy J. Tibbitts, Jim R. Petterson
Pages
142-157
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3 mean clutch size eggs/nest Female Adult 3 nests Colorado River Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying May 30 (onset) date when first eggs found Female Adult 17 nest attempts (in 5 sample years) Colorado River Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

The influence of starlings on flicker reproduction when both naturally excavated cavities and artificial nest boxes are available

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
218-225
Year
Issue
2
Volume
110
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.44 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 9 pairs near New Concord Exposure Factor Datasets 2.24 SD

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Fat (total or %) 104 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 17 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets late prealternate molt 10 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 134 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumate - early migrants, paired 7 SE
Citation:

Use of prairie pothole habitat by breeding mallards

Author(s)
Dwyer, T.J., G.L. Krapu and D.M. Janke
Pages
526-531
Year
Issue
2
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Home Range 110.9 Breeding home range. ha Female Adult 6 Missouri Coteau of south-central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets Laying females
Citation:

Age-related aspects of mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Krapu, Gary L. and Harold A. Doty
Pages
35-39
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Fat (total or %) 55.0 g lipid Female Yearling Not Reported prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 39.7 SD
Clutch or Litter Size 9.3 eggs Female Yearling 7 nests prairie pothole region in North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 1.7 SD
Citation:

Mallard recruitment in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M. and Robert L. Jarvis
Pages
565-570
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 59 Survival rates, not mortality. % Female Adult Not Reported Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 3.4 SE
Survival/ Mortality 52 Survival rates, not mortality. % Female Juvenile Not Reported Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 7.8 SE
Citation:

A nesting study of ducks and coots on Tule Lake and Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuges

Author(s)
Miller, A.W. and B.D. Collins
Pages
17-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 91.4% Mean hatch success of successful nests Female Adult 178 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Time of Hatching or Parturition May-July Female Adult Not Reported Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Citation:

Temporal and geographic estimates of survival and recovery rates for the mallard, 1950 through 1985.

Author(s)
Chu, D.S. and J.B. Hestbeck
Pages
57
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 20
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.3948 survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 Female Juvenile 1,396 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0458 (SE)
Citation:

Habitat use and home range of mallards breeding in Minnesota

Author(s)
Gilmer, David S., I.J. Ball, Lewis M. Cowardin, John H. Riechmann and John R. Tester
Pages
781-789
Year
Issue
4
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Home Range 210 Study area was 67% upland forest, 33% lakes and wetlands. ha Female Adult 12 western edge of Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami Co. Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Growth and energy consumption by captive mallards

Author(s)
Sugden, Lawson G., E.A. Driver and Michael C.S. Kingsley
Pages
1567-1570
Issue
8
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate 195 maximum growth rate based on body weight g/wk Female Juvenile 72 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

The influence of male-defended oviposition sites on early embryo mortality in bullfrogs

Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Pages
789-798
Year
Issue
4
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Intersexual differences in growth, mortality, and size at maturity in bullfrogs in central Ontario

Author(s)
Shirose, L.J., R.J. Brooks, J.R. Barta and S.S. Desser
Pages
2363-2369
Year
Issue
12
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.0304 mm/d Female 4 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 7 yr CANADA 0.02256 SE

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Reproduction by Peromyscus maniculatus: size and compromise

Author(s)
Myers, Philip and Lawrence L. Master
Pages
1-18
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 23 Mode d Female Adult 161 Exposure Factor Datasets Gestating Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 27 Mode d Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Lactating Laboratory

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

A field study of the growth and behavior of the fence lizard

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
151-172
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 13.7 estimated by number of developing ova eggs/clutch Female Adult 7 Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutches/yr Female Adult 93 Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations of Sceloporus occidentalis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguandidae)

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr. and Allen Allison
Pages
211-220
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 11.3 eggs/clutch Female Adult 48 yellow pine forest, central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.41SE

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Circannual rhythms of body weight in pallid bats

Author(s)
Beasley, Laura J., Kimberly M. Pelz and Irving Zucker
Pages
R955-R958
Year
Issue
6
Volume
246
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 36.0 g Female Adult 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.9 SE Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 39.2 g Female Adult 3 Exposure Factor Datasets 2.6 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 9 estimation based on observations in wild and captive bats wks Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Clutch or Litter Size 1.8 young Female Adult 28 bats Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Egg production by the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Page Hayden, Betty L. Burge and Jan B. Roberson
Pages
93-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year range of means for 3 yrs; overall range = 1-3 clutches/yr Female Adult 20-26 animals Ivanpah Valley, Goffs Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Time of Mating/ Laying May - June egg laying Female Adult 20-26 animals Ivanpah Valley, Goffs Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4.1 mean litter size pups Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Notes on reproduction in Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Feldman, Mark
Pages
10-11
Year
Issue
1
Volume
13
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 4 Umpqua River, Roseburg, Douglas County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive parameters of Pacific pond turtles Clemmys marmorata in the streams on the coast of central California

Author(s)
Scott, Norman J., Jr., Galen B. Rathbun, Thomas G. Murphey and Margaret B. Harker
Publisher
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year range of average number of clutches/yr clutches/yr Female Adult 81 clutches Arroyo Laguna, Little Pico Creek, Pico Creek and San Simeon Creek Exposure Factor Datasets

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Size and spatial organization of home ranges of kit foxes in Arizona

Author(s)
Zoellick, Bruce W. and Norman S. Smith
Pages
83-88
Year
Issue
1
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 9.8 home range as calculated with the grid-cell method km2 Female Adult 3 foxes 7.5 km NW Tonopah Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1.4 SE

Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora

Citation:

Survival of embryos, tadpoles, and adults of the frogs Rana aurora aurora and Rana pretiosa pretiosa sympatric in southwestern British Columbia

Author(s)
Licht, Lawrence E.
Pages
613-627
Year
Issue
5
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 680 # ova/egg mass Female Adult Not Reported White Rock, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Dispersal distance and the range of nightly movements in Merriam's kangaroo rats

Author(s)
Jones, Thomas W.
Pages
27-34
Year
Issue
1
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 25.0 median lifetime distance moved from home range center (from first to last capture) m Female Adult 25 Portal Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction and food habits of Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Bradley, W. Glenn and Roger A. Mauer
Pages
497-507
Year
Issue
3
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy relationships of the mammals of a desert shrub (Larrea tridentata) community

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Alice Eastlake Chew
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean g Female Adult Not Reported San Simon Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding of captive kangaroo rats, Dipodomys merriami and D. microps

Author(s)
Daly, M., Margo I. Wilson and P. Behrends
Pages
338-341
Year
Issue
2
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 pups/litter Female Adult 51 captured near Palm Springs, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Notes on reproduction of the side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana stansburiana in southwest Idaho

Author(s)
Bakewell, George, Joseph M. Chopek and Gary L. Burkholder
Pages
477-482
Year
Issue
3
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 124 Snake River Valley (elev., 530-750m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.75 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 124 Snake River Valley (elev., 530-750m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction by Uta stansburiana (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae) in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Medica, Philip A. and Frederick B. Turner
Pages
123-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 1363 Rock Valley, Nye county Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - July time of laying Female Adult 1363 Rock Valley, Nye county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
1 - 182
Year
Volume
132
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 1497 average and range of home ranges at 2 sites over 6 yrs, estimated using minimum polygon method (mark and recapture technique) sq. ft. Female Adult 6-14 lizards/yr and site Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana ssp. stejnegeri)

Citation:

Density, growth and home range of the lizard Uta stansburiana steinegeri in southern Dona Ana county, New Mexico

Author(s)
Worthington, Richard D. and Edward R. Arvizo
Pages
124-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.034 increase in snout-vent length, initial snout-vent length range, 48-53 mm mm/d Female Not Reported 10 Dona Ana county [lat., 31^o47'10" N; long., 106^o35'05"W], (elev., 1250m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dry and wet year comparisons of clutch and adult body sizes of Uta stansburiana stejnegeri

Author(s)
Worthington, Richard D.
Pages
332-334
Year
Issue
3
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 based on number of enlarged vitellogenic ovarian follicles (>2 mm) or oviductal eggs during a "dry" year eggs/clutch Female Adult 8 Anapra, Dona Ana county Exposure Factor Datasets 0.38

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Citation:

Home range dynamics of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard

Author(s)
Horchar, Victor M.
Pages
61
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 45 average home range estimated using minimum convex polygon method (snout-vent length,0-50mm) m2 Female Hatchling 11 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 11 (95CI)
Citation:

Foraging ecology of the fringe-toed lizard, Uma inornata, during periods of high and low food abundance

Author(s)
Durtsche, Richard D.
Pages
915-926
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1995
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Overall Total (629); Arthropod Total (201); Vertebrate Total (1); Plant Total (332): Includes; Insects, Coleoptera (28); Diptera (5); Hemiptera (25); Homoptera (177); Hymenoptera (48); Lepidoptera (3); Orthoptera (4); Snakes, Crotalidae (1); Plants, Asteraceae (42); Boraginaceae (8); Fabaceae (71) and Loasaceae (211) total numbers of food items found in stomach contents # Female Adult 13 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

The number of young of Xantusia

Author(s)
Brattstrom, Bayard H.
Pages
143-144
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size determined by embryo count young/female Female Adult 5 San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The number of young found in the Island Night lizard

Author(s)
Amrein, Yost U. and Margaret B. Amrein
Pages
180
Year
Volume
1951
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size determined from fetus count young/female Female Adult 2 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Citation:

Nests and eggs of the pacific giant salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus (Eschscholtz)

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A.
Pages
257-262
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 2 Benton County Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Home range and mobility of brush rabbits in California chaparral

Author(s)
Connell, Joseph H.
Pages
392-405
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 637 g Female Adult 101 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets 7
Citation:

Reproduction of the brush rabbit in California

Author(s)
Mossman, Archie S.
Pages
177-184
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 27 d Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa 3

Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius)

Citation:

Status review of the riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-22
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review reported gestation period was 27 d (data source unspecified) Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

San Francisco Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. tetrataenia)

Citation:

Captive reproduction of the San Francisco garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia

Author(s)
Cover, John F., Jr. and Donal M. Boyer
Pages
29-33
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean g Female Adult 6 Dallas and Ft. Worth Zoos Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Red-sided Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. parietalis)

Citation:

Body mass and reproduction in female red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis)

Author(s)
Whittier, Joan M. and David Crews
Pages
219-226
Year
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Sept. - Mar. Female Adult 218 Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Growth and behavior of a litter of captive long-tailed weasels

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C.
Pages
412-415
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 86.2 g Female Juvenile 1 captured at Delta, Manitoba, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets 5 wks Laboratory

Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Citation:

Annual variation in reproduction in snakes in a fluctuating environment

Author(s)
Seigel, R.A. and H.S. Fitch
Pages
497-505
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size minimum and maximum mean annual clutch size young/litter Female Adult 158 over 9 yrs National History Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucus) in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
343-360
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 267.9 g Female Adult 90 Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets 123.0 SD

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.0 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.56

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 2 usual number of nesting attempts per year nests/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.4 eggs/clutch Female Adult 10 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight of sparrow hawks in California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H.
Pages
17-19
Year
Issue
2
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 119.8 mean body weight measured over 4 years g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 111 coastal southern CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0.9 SE
Citation:

Foraging strategies of American kestrels during breeding

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G.
Pages
1268-1276
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Foraging Distance distance foraged from nest km Female Adult 4 agricultural lands (lat, 38 deg 32'N; long., 121 deg 47'W) Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo Breeding

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

Adaptations and speciation of harvest mice of the marshes of San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Fisler, George F.
Pages
1-98
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.72 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay marshes Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 1936 g Female Adult 13 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 64 SE

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Multiple egg clutches in Hyla regilla, H. cinerea and H. gratiosa

Author(s)
Perrill, Stephen A. and Richard E. Daniel
Pages
513-516
Year
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year estimated by number of times a female was found in amplexus with palpable eggs clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported San Diego Exposure Factor Datasets

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Air temperature and direct partitional calorimetry of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
South, F.E., R. H. Luecke, M. L. Zatzman and M. D. Shanklin
Pages
27-30
Year
Issue
1
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean kg Female Juvenile 2 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
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