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Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,280 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets basic plumage, prespring migration departure 13 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 65 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 11 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets middle prealternate molt 14 SE
Citation:

Age-related aspects of mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Krapu, Gary L. and Harold A. Doty
Pages
35-39
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,070.2 g Female Yearling 44 birds prairie pothole region in North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets during breeding season 121.3 SD
Body Fat (total or %) 72.4 g lipid Female Adult Not Reported prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 44.2 SD
Citation:

A nesting study of ducks and coots on Tule Lake and Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuges

Author(s)
Miller, A.W. and B.D. Collins
Pages
17-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting April-September period between first observed nest to last observed hatches Female Adult 209 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Clutch or Litter Size 8.9 mean clutch size of successful nests eggs Female Adult 178 Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Citation:

Temporal and geographic estimates of survival and recovery rates for the mallard, 1950 through 1985.

Author(s)
Chu, D.S. and J.B. Hestbeck
Pages
57
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 20
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.5462 survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 Female Adult 1,240 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0561 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.5626 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 Female Juvenile 8,205 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0445 (SE)
Citation:

Fall and spring body weights and condition indices of ducks in Illinois

Author(s)
Hine, Christoper S., Stephen P. Havera, Richard M. Whitton, Jerome R. Serie
Pages
197-213
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 966 g Female Juvenile 12 Illinois and Mississippi river valleys Exposure Factor Datasets hunter-harvested 37 SE
Citation:

Use of prairie pothole habitat by breeding mallards

Author(s)
Dwyer, T.J., G.L. Krapu and D.M. Janke
Pages
526-531
Year
Issue
2
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 467.8 ha Female Adult 6 Missouri Couteau, south-central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)

Citation:

An altitudinal survey of reproduction in Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Dunmire, William W.
Pages
174-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.88 potential litter size; estimated using the larger of corpora lutea count or embryo sites #/litter Female Adult 26 White Mountain (elev.,12,400 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono 0.46 SE

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

"Double clutching" and its possible significance in the bullfrog

Author(s)
Emlen, Stephen T.
Pages
749-751
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1977
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year Double clutching observed in 5 out of 73 females clutches/yr Female Adult 73 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Intersexual differences in growth, mortality, and size at maturity in bullfrogs in central Ontario

Author(s)
Shirose, L.J., R.J. Brooks, J.R. Barta and S.S. Desser
Pages
2363-2369
Year
Issue
12
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.0449 mm/d Female 5 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 5 yr CANADA 0.00996 SE
Growth Rate 0.0466 mm/d Female 4 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 6 yr CANADA 0.02093 SE
Citation:

Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) invasion of a California river: the role of larval competition

Author(s)
Kupferberg, Sarah J.
Pages
1736-1751
Year
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying July laying Female Adult Not Reported Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Mendocino

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of northern Peromyscus maniculatus borealis

Author(s)
Millar, J.S.
Pages
510-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 5.03 Female Adult 98 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets 0.18 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Energy requirements during reproduction of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Stebbins, L.L.
Pages
1701-1704
Year
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 29.0 g Female Adult 8 captured in Lethbridge, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets lactating 1.0 SE Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 23.9 g Female Adult 8 captured in Lethbridge, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets lactating (end) 0.47 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Hatching or Parturition May - Aug. Female Adult Not Reported Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Reproduction by Peromyscus maniculatus: size and compromise

Author(s)
Myers, Philip and Lawrence L. Master
Pages
1-18
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Body Weight - Mean Range of mean body weights for females with varying litter sizes (2-9) g Female Adult 4 - 111 Exposure Factor Datasets At conception Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean Range of mean body weights for females with varying litter sizes (2-9) g Female Adult 3 - 97 Exposure Factor Datasets Gestating - Lactating Laboratory

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Breeding patterns and reproductive success of California sea otters

Author(s)
Riedman, Marianne L., James A. Estes, Michelle M. Staedler, Alisa A. Giles and David R. Carlson
Pages
391-399
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.75 pre-weaning survival rate (mothers aged 7-10 years) Female Adult 12 Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets 7-10 years Monterey
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.0 pre-weaning survival rate (mothers aged 11-14 years) Female Adult 4 Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets 11-14 years Monterey
Citation:

Reproduction, survival and tag loss in California sea otters

Author(s)
Siniff, Donald B., and Katherine Ralls
Pages
211-229
Year
Issue
3
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Clutches or Litters per year 0.9 annual reproductive rate based on number of pups born during monitoring period pups/year Female Adult 13 animals Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Longevity 11 oldest animal captured in study yr Female Adult 1 animal Exposure Factor Datasets

Northwestern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis)

Citation:

Home range in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis)

Author(s)
Davis, John and R. Glenn Ford
Pages
933-940
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition
Home Range 61.20 home range reported as minimum area probability (0.95 level); minimum area which will contain a given proportion (95%) of the total observations of the average individual m2 Female Adult 10 animals Hastings Natural History Reservation, Carmel Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 2+ yr Monterey nonbreeding
Citation:

The times of mating and oviposition of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis

Author(s)
Davis, John
Pages
102
Year
Issue
1
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying May - July time of laying, estimated from assumed incubation period of 60d Female Adult Not Reported Hastings Reservation, Carmel Valley (elev., 550m) Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Metabolic strategies of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus) during reproduction

Author(s)
Beasley, Laura J. and Michael Leon
Pages
159-166
Year
Issue
1
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Metabolic Rate see citation no values reported; see figures in paper Female Adult 30 Napa Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Napa breeding
Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean 24.3 g Female Adult 15 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo ovulating
Body Weight - Mean 34.7 g Female Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo late pregnancy
Citation:

Growth and development of young pallid bats, Antrozous pallidus

Author(s)
Davis, Russell
Pages
729-736
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size pups Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Circannual rhythms of body weight in pallid bats

Author(s)
Beasley, Laura J., Kimberly M. Pelz and Irving Zucker
Pages
R955-R958
Year
Issue
6
Volume
246
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 33.1 g Female Juvenile 8 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.9 SE Laboratory

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Age-size relationships of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizi) in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and R. Bruce Bury
Pages
974-979
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1987
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size determined by x-ray examination of females eggs/clutch Female Adult 3 animals Rock Valley, Nye County (elev., 1020m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Egg production by the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Page Hayden, Betty L. Burge and Jan B. Roberson
Pages
93-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size range of means for 3 yrs; based on x-ray examination (overall range = 1-8) eggs/clutch Female Adult 20-26 animals Ivanpah Valley, Goffs Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Notes on ecology and food of the Kit fox in Central Utah

Author(s)
Smith, Dwight G.
Pages
96 - 98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean litter size pups Female Adult 8 litters Exposure Factor Datasets

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) II: Milk intake

Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Food Ingestion Rate 5.93 daily milk intake as % of pup body weight %/d Female Pup 4 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 mo 0.467 SE

Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora

Citation:

Natural mortality of tadpoles in a population of Rana aurora

Author(s)
Calef, George Waller
Pages
741-758
Year
Issue
4
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 531 #/egg mass Female Adult 35 egg masses Marion Lake, southern British Columbia (elev., 300m) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 19 SE
Citation:

Longevity of the red-legged frog

Author(s)
Cowan, Ian McTaggart
Pages
48
Year
Issue
1
Volume
1941
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Longevity yrs Female Adult 2 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Breeding success of double-crested cormorants in the San Francisco Bay Area, California

Author(s)
Stenzel, Lynne E., Harry R. Carter, R. Philip Henderson, Steven D. Emslie, Mark J. Rauzon, Gary W. Page, and Patrick Y. O'Brien
Pages
216-224
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.1+/- 0.1 to 3.2+/- 0.1 mean number of eggs/nest (over 3 years) Female Adult 263-312 nests/year San Francisco Bay estuary Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake

Author(s)
Mitchell, Ronald M.
Pages
1-23
Year
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 11 nests Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 eggs/nest Female Adult Not Reported Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Characteristics of a rapidly increasing colony of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in Lake Ontario: Population Size, Reproductive Parameters and Band Recoveries

Author(s)
Weseloh, D.V. Chip and Peter J. Ewins
Pages
443-456
Year
Issue
2
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Clutch or Litter Size range in mean clutches in ground nests (across 4 years) Female Adult 34-127 nests/colony Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) Exposure Factor Datasets spring

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Fat (total or %) 100 g Female 20 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Reproduction by Uta stansburiana (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae) in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Medica, Philip A. and Frederick B. Turner
Pages
123-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean monthly clutch sizes for females >12 mo old, measured over a 10 yr period eggs/clutch Female Adult 1363 Rock Valley, Nye county Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean snout vent length range = 49 - 51 mm g Female Adult 19 Rock Valley, Nye county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effect of supplemental feeding on home range size and activity patterns in the lizard Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Waldschmidt, Steve
Pages
1-5
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 153.6 home range estimated using convex polygon method m2 Female Adult Not Reported Carlsbad (elev., 1067m) Exposure Factor Datasets 24.7 (95%CI)
Citation:

The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
1 - 182
Year
Volume
132
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.23 home range estimated using probability density function (95%) acre Female Adult Not Reported Mesa County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Notes on reproduction of the side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana stansburiana in southwest Idaho

Author(s)
Bakewell, George, Joseph M. Chopek and Gary L. Burkholder
Pages
477-482
Year
Issue
3
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr.-May and June-July time of laying Female Adult 124 Snake River Valley (elev., 530-750m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Effect of drought on blunt-nosed leopard lizards (Gamelia sila)

Author(s)
Germano, David J., Daniel F. Williams and Walter Tordoff III
Pages
11-19
Year
Issue
1
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying May - June time of laying Female Adult Not Reported Elkhorn Plain (elev., 685-765m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Citation:

Home range dynamics of the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard

Author(s)
Horchar, Victor M.
Pages
61
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 437 average home range estimated using minimum convex polygon method (snout-vent length, 70+mm) m2 Female Adult 37 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 168 (95CI)
Home Range 146 average home range estimated using minimum convex polygon method (snout-vent length, 51-69mm) m2 Female Juvenile 15 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside 56 (95CI)

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Variation in reproductivity with age in the brown pelican

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Julie A. Keahey
Pages
128-134
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 60.2% percent of eggs producing downy young in succesful nests (nests producing at least one young) Female Adult 133 nests Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. ubericolor)

Citation:

The breeding biology of the brush rabbit population.

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Amy L. Harman
Pages
816-823
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year estimated by dividing length of breeding season by gestation period or time required to produce a litter litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Multiple litters in the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi fisheri, in Tulare county

Author(s)
Simpson, G. L., and T.K. Lamunyon
Pages
101-104
Year
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size embryos/female Female Adult Not Reported Coho creek Exposure Factor Datasets Tulare
Citation:

Patterns of progesterone secretion in free-living California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, K.E., S. Nunes and F. Talamantes
Pages
1051-1059
Year
Issue
5
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Torpor or Hibernation July - Dec. months of estivation Female Adult 128 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight, fat, and behaviour of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, Kay E. and Scott Nunes
Pages
1425-1433
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.7 young/litter Female Adult 26 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus ( elev., 120 m) [lat., 37^0W; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz primiparous 0.3 SE
Citation:

Circulating prolactin in free-living california ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, Kay E., Scott Nunes, and Frank Talamantes
Pages
484-492
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Clutch or Litter Size 8.3 young/litter Female Adult 20 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz multiparous

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. arizonae)

Citation:

The breeding biology of the desert cottontail in the Phoenix region, Arizona

Author(s)
Stout, Gene G.
Pages
47-51
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.7 estimated by uterine scar counts young/litter Female Adult Not Reported Phoenix Exposure Factor Datasets

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Traill's flycatcher breeding biology

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
50-68
Year
Issue
3
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.14 mean clutch size in renests eggs Female Adult 29 nests Toledo, Wooster, OH Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1 SE
Citation:

The energetic consequences of incubation for two passerine species

Author(s)
Walsberg, Glenn E. and James R. King
Pages
644-655
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 13.2 mean body weight during breeding season g Female Adult 5 birds collection location George E. Hudson Biological Reserve, Whitman County Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Time and energy budgets of the willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) during the breeding season

Author(s)
Ettinger, Amelia O. and James R. King
Pages
533-546
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Metabolic Rate total daily energy expenditure kJ/d Female Adult 2-6 birds per breeding phase Hudson Biological Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets breeding

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Intraspecific litter size variation in Microtus californicus II. variation between populations

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
1174-1182
Year
Issue
6
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 5.23 inhabiting annual grassland enclosure pups/litter Female Adult 42 captured in Contra Costa County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0.33 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Nutritional ecology of the California vole: Effects of food quality on reproduction

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
406-412
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Clutches or Litters per year 0.2 litters per female per 12 wks litters/12 wks Female Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets subadult (4 wks) 0.1 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Reproduction in a coastal California population of the field mouse, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Greenwald, Gilbert S.
Pages
421-466
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean g Female Not Reported Not Reported San Francisco Bay, San Rafael Exposure Factor Datasets Marin non-pregnant
Citation:

Intraspecific litter size variation in Microtus californicus: variation within populations

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
29-40
Year
Issue
1
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size see citation figure of mean monthly litter sizes Female Adult 4-33/mo Orinda, Layfayette, Russell Reservation and Sea Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa, Sonoma
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.4 mean; early growing season pups/litter Female Adult 9 Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.9 (95%CI)

San Francisco Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. tetrataenia)

Citation:

Captive reproduction of the San Francisco garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia

Author(s)
Cover, John F., Jr. and Donal M. Boyer
Pages
29-33
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Sexual Maturity 1 yr, 273d yr,d Female Adult 1 Dallas and Ft. Worth Zoos Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 17 young/female Female Adult 6 Dallas and Ft. Worth Zoos Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Red-sided Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. parietalis)

Citation:

Body mass and reproduction in female red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis)

Author(s)
Whittier, Joan M. and David Crews
Pages
219-226
Year
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean BW = -201.07 + 4.78SVL relationship between body weight (BW, g, 50-175g) and snout-vent length (SVL, cm, 55-75cm) for vitellogenic and non-vitellogenic females in 1985 (r2 = 0.874) g Female Adult 32 Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean BW = -137.32 + 3.73SVL relationship between body weight (BW, g, 50-175g) and snout-vent length (SVL, cm, 55-75cm) for vitellogenic and non-vitellogenic females in 1987 (r2 = 0.698) g Female Adult 110 Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Experiments on the nesting behavior of the least tern, Sterna albifrons browni

Author(s)
Davis, Milton E.
Pages
25-43
Year
Issue
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 12 clutches Huntington Beach State Park Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Developmental effects of incubation temperature on hatchling pine snakes Pituophis melanoleucus

Author(s)
Burger, Joanna, Robert T. Zappalorti and Michael Gochfeld
Pages
727-732
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 8.8 eggs/clutch Female Adult 38 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucus) in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
343-360
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 59.8 g Female Juvenile 59 Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets 43.0 SD

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Notes on nesting great horned owls in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Mader, William J.
Pages
109-111
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Time of Mating/ Laying February (peak), March (end) egg laying dates Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 eggs/clutch Female Adult 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Patterns of growth and movements in a population of Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis (caudata: plethodontidae) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Staub, N.L., C.W. Brown and D.B. Wake
Pages
593-599
Year
Issue
4
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.092 change in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) mm/d Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras USA 0.0071
Growth Rate 0.092 change in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) mm/d Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras USA 0.0071

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of snowy plovers at Great Salt Lake, Utah

Author(s)
Paton, Peter W.C.
Pages
275
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Foraging Distance 177 median foraging distance from nest m Female Adult 192 observations Great Salt Lake, Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets 25%-75% quartiles=64-466

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Canis latrans

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc
Pages
1-9
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size review Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age distribution and weights of coyotes in northwestern Texas

Author(s)
Meinzer, Wyman P. and Fred S. Guthery
Pages
275-278
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 7.9 (0.5yr); 9.8 (1.5 yr); 11.0 (2.5 yr); 11.5(3.5 yr); 10.8 (4.5 yr); 11.6 (5.5 yr); 10.4 (6.5 yr); 10.9 (>7.5 yr) average body weights at various ages kg Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 - 121/age King and Knox counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 - >7.5 yr

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Parameters of population and seasonal activity of striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, in Alberta and Saskatchewan

Author(s)
Schowalter, David B. and John R. Gunson
Pages
409-420
Year
Issue
4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 3.2 kg Female Juvenile 58 juveniles Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.7 SD

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Reproductive capability of wild hatching-year mourning doves in Alabama

Author(s)
White, Lisa M., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Pages
204-211
Year
Issue
1
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 93 age at which birds became capable of breeding d Female Yearling 91 birds Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Home ranges of the meadow vole and deer mouse (on a reclamation test pit in eastern Montana)

Author(s)
McCann, Steve A.
Pages
11-17
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.35 acres Female Juvenile 8 Consolidation Coal Company test pit, Roundup Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus in seasonal environments

Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 23 gestation length: 5 days pre-implantation + 18 days visible pregnancy. d Female Adult 44 Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)

Citation:

Comparative population ecology of Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Wolff, Jerry O.
Pages
1548-1555
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.4 based on embryo counts #/litter Female Adult 52 Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles County [lat., 37^010'N; long., 80^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.07 SE
Citation:

Postnatal growth and development of Peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae

Author(s)
Linzey, A. V.
Pages
152-155
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28.54 d Female Adult 22 captured in Coche County, TN Exposure Factor Datasets 0.81 Laboratory

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)

Citation:

Preliminary studies of the kit fox in Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
351-357
Year
Issue
3
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition March to early April time of whelping Female Adult Not Reported Tooele County, west. UT, elev. 4300-4800 ft Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Growth Rate y = 7.77 + 7.44x growth rate from day 3-16 Female Nestling Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition early February Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Reproduction and spacing patterns of kit foxes relative to changing prey availability

Author(s)
White, Patrick J. and Katherine Ralls
Pages
861-867
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size pups Female Adult 4 foxes Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Feeding ecology of the turtle, Clemmys marmorata

Author(s)
Bury, R. Bruce
Pages
515-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Algae (18.00); Other vegetation (0.30); Nematomorpha (0.05); Crustacea (10.10); Araneae (0.15); Odonata nymphs (4.05); Ephemeroptera nymphs (0.15); Trichoptera larvae (19.80); Hemiptera nymphs (0.40); Hemiptera adults (0.30); Orthoptera adults (0.55); Coleoptera larvae (5.15); Coleoptera adults (0.30); Diptera larvae (0.66), Diptera adults (0.10); Osteichthyes (0.20); Amphibia (4.05); Other (1.35) volume (cc) of food items in stomach contents determined by water displacement cc Female Adult 27 Hayfork Creek (elev., 750m) Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity
Citation:

Reproductive parameters of Pacific pond turtles Clemmys marmorata in the streams on the coast of central California

Author(s)
Scott, Norman J., Jr., Galen B. Rathbun, Thomas G. Murphey and Margaret B. Harker
Publisher
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.69 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 81 clutches Arroyo Laguna, Little Pico Creek, Pico Creek and San Simeon Creek Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana ssp. stejnegeri)

Citation:

Density, growth and home range of the lizard Uta stansburiana steinegeri in southern Dona Ana county, New Mexico

Author(s)
Worthington, Richard D. and Edward R. Arvizo
Pages
124-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.097 average home range estimated from recapture radii (mean plus 2s) for individuals with 5+ recaptures acres Female Not Reported 11 Dona Ana county [lat., 31^o47'10" N; long., 106^o35'05"W], (elev., 1250m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

The number of young of Xantusia

Author(s)
Brattstrom, Bayard H.
Pages
143-144
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size determined by embryo count young/female Female Adult 4 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Citation:

Nests and eggs of the pacific giant salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus (Eschscholtz)

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A.
Pages
257-262
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May time of laying Female Adult 2 Benton County Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Home range and mobility of brush rabbits in California chaparral

Author(s)
Connell, Joseph H.
Pages
392-405
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 69 average radii drawn from computed center of activity to capture points ft Female Adult 10 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets 8

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

Dietary adaptability of the desert cottontail

Author(s)
Turkowski, Frank J.
Pages
748-756
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.7 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported Sugarloaf Mountain, Maricopa County (elev., 850m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

A monograph of the flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Burns, Frank L.
Pages
1-82
Year
Issue
31
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size range of clutch sizes eggs/clutch Female Adult 191 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Range use patterns and spatial relationships of Merriams's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami)

Author(s)
Behrends, Philip, Martin Daly and Margo I. Wilson
Pages
187-209
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range range of mean home range in 3 study periods estimated by radiotelemetry ha Female Adult 7-10 Boyde Deep Canyon Reserve (elev., 300m) Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
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