Dose-Response Table

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Displaying 398 data points

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Lab
PENOXSULAM 7.52 mg/L LC50 Not Reported Tadpole 6 Experimental Frog Farm, São Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL Laboratory
Citation:

Teratogenesis, toxicity and bioaccumulation in frogs exposed to dieldrin

Author(s)
Schuytema, Gerald S., Alan V. Nebeker, William L. Griffis and Karsten N. Wilson
Pages
332-350
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN 34.4 ug/l (95% CL: 31.1 - 38.1 ug/l) LC50 Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo-larvae, 11d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 25.1 ug/l LOAEL, based on mortality but gross spinal deformities also observed Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo-larvae, 11d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 11.0 ug/l NOAEL Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo-larvae, 11d Laboratory

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Parathion accumulation in cricket frogs and its effect on American kestrels

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Haydee de Chacin, Oliver H. Pattee and Thair G. Lamont
Pages
921-927
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARATHION 56% decrease at 4.6 ppm mean plasma cholinesterase activity relative to control Not Reported Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The effect of dietary sodium fluoride on internal organs, breast muscle, and bones in captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., D. Carriere and D. Lacombe
Pages
242-246
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
FLUORIDE, SODIUM decreased at 2240 ppm bonebreaking strength Both Male and Female Juvenile 9-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
Citation:

Survival, growth, and histopathological effects of paraquat ingestion in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., J. Christian Franson, Oliver H. Pattee and Christine M. Bunck
Pages
495-500
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARAQUAT 51% @ 60 mg/kg percent increase over controls in kidney to body weight ratio Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARAQUAT no effect percent increase over controls in lung to body weight ratio Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PARAQUAT decreased @ 25, 60 mg/kg skeletal growth (humerus, femur, radius-ulna, tibia-fibula) Not Reported Juvenile 11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) effects on hepatic mixed function oxidases and porphyria in birds - II. American kestrel

Author(s)
Elliot, J.E., S.W. Kennedy, D. Jeffrey and L. Shutt
Pages
141-145
Year
Issue
1/2
Volume
99
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PCB 105 (2,3,3',4,4'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased with PCB 153 aminopyrine N-demethylase and aldrin epoxidase activities in liver Female Adult 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
PCB 105 (2,3,3',4,4'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased with PCB 105 aminopyrine N-demethylase activity in liver Female Adult 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
PCB 105 (2,3,3',4,4'-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL), PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased with PCB 126 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and aldrin epoxidase activities in liver Female Adult 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory

Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris)

Citation:

The toxicity of p,p'-DDT to the clapper rail

Author(s)
Van Velzen, Aldeen and J.F. Kreitzer
Pages
305-309
Year
Issue
2
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) 1612 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) 1896 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Female Juvenile 4 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on captive mourning dove survivability and reproduction

Author(s)
Buerger, Theodore T., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Pages
1-8
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect female fertility or productivity, egg weight and size Female Adult 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased hatchability Not Reported Hatchling 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) no effect body weight at hatch Not Reported Hatchling 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) no effect mortality Female Adult 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Subacute dietary toxicities of dicrotophos and dieldrin in time-replicated trials with young ring-necked pheasants and mallards

Author(s)
Hill, E.F.
Pages
105-120
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DICROTOPHOS decreased @ 55 and 145 ppm consumption of treated diet compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 5 days Laboratory
DICROTOPHOS 506.7 (coeff. of variation = 40.3%) 5 day dietary LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 8-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 days Laboratory
DIELDRIN 200.7 (coeff. of variation 22.3%) 5 day dietary LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 8-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 5 days Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of exposure to carbofuran-sprayed vegetation on the behavior, cholinesterase activity and growth of mallard ducklings (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Martin, Pamela A., Keith R. Solomon, Douglas J. Forsyth, Herman J. Boermans and Neil D. Westcott
Pages
901-909
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CARBOFURAN increased @ 132 and 264 g/ha occurrence of acute poisoning symptoms compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 29-38/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James and Steven P. Bradbury
Pages
885-897
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
FENSULFOTHION 48.9% (7.6 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
FONOFOS 67.1% (4.9 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
MALATHION 67% (11.6 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
PARATHION 74.6% (12.4 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity in mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Louis Sileo and Helen C. Murray
Pages
128-136
Year
Volume
75
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 60, 270 ppm plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
Citation:

Neurotoxic and teratogenic effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (phenyl phosphorothioic acid-o-ethyl-o-[4-nitrophenyl] ester) on mallard development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Louis Sileo
Pages
284-294
Year
Volume
73
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EPN decreased @ 12 ug/g (48%), 36 ug/g (29%), 108 ug/g (0%) % surviving to hatch versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) Laboratory
EPN decreased @ 12, 36 ug/g brain weight, protein content, acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) Laboratory
EPN decreased @ 12, 36 ug/g plasma cholinesterase activity, hemoglobin and uric acid content Not Reported Hatchling 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of industrial effluents, heavy metals, and organic solvents on mallard embryo development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
35-40
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 0 survival @ 100% solution, incubation days 3 or 8 exposure embryo survival through incubation day 18 versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 or 8 days of incubation (time of treatment) Laboratory
XYLENE no effect embryo survival, size, and incidence of abnormalities through incubation day 18 versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 or 8 days of incubation (time of treatment) Laboratory
Citation:

Interactive effects of arsenate, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Caroline J. Sanderson, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Eugene Cromartie and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
55-62
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 60 ppm Se incidence of ducklings with histopathological lesions versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 60 ppm Se, 200 ppm As growth rate of body weight versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 60 ppm Se glutathione peroxidase activity versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased (100%) @ 60 ppm Se and (53%) @ 200 ppm As incidence of mortality versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary nickel on mallards

Author(s)
Eastin, William C., Jr. and Thomas J. O'Shea
Pages
883-892
Year
Volume
7
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
NICKEL SULFATE no effects reproductive success (number of eggs laid, hatchability, duckling survival) compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
NICKEL SULFATE increased @ 12.5, 50, 200, 800 ppm diet kidney, blood, liver, and feather concentrations of Ni compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
NICKEL SULFATE 1.94 (kidney), 0.52 (liver), 0.139 (blood), 68.06 (feathers) ppm, wet wt mean tissue concentrations @ 800 ppm Ni in diet Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxic effects of natural saline waters on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Mitcham, S.A. and G. Wobeser
Pages
45-50
Year
Issue
1
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SALINE WATER increased plasma protein levels; serum osmolality; salt, kidney and adrenal gland size versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 d Laboratory
SALINE WATER increased @ 67,000 umhos/cm (100%), 35,000 umhos/cm (100%), 21,500 umhos/cm (78%), and 20,000 umhos/cm (60%) mortality versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 d Laboratory
SALINE WATER increased @ 20,000 umhos/cm and above thymus size versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 d Laboratory
SALINE WATER decreased @ 20,000 and 21,500 umhos/cm body weight by day 14 versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 d Laboratory
Citation:

Hepatic glutathione metabolism and lipid peroxidation in response to excess dietary selenomethionine and selenite in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Gary H. Heinz and Alexander J. Krynitsky
Pages
263-271
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 20, 40 ppm hepatic malondialdehyde concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
SELENITE, SODIUM increased @ 40 ppm hepatic malondialdehyde concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 20, 40 ppm hepatic protein concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
SELENITE, SODIUM increased @ 20, 40 ppm hepatic protein concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary cadmium on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W., Lou Sileo, J. Christian Franson and John Moore
Pages
286-297
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE 0.10 (@ 0 ppm), 10.13 (@ 5 ppm), 16.25 (@ 10 ppm), 42.21 (@ 20 ppm) ppm, wet wt mean Cd concentrations in liver by 12 wks of treatment Not Reported Juvenile 12 birds per timexdose treatment day old Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect body weight, liver weight, and femur density compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 12 birds per timexdose treatment day old Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Aluminum and acid effects on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in young growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos).

Author(s)
Capdevielle, M.C., and L.E. Hart, J. Goff and C.G. Scanes
Pages
82-88
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ALUMINUM SULFATE, SULFURIC ACID reduced @ 0.5% Al or 0.277 mol sulfate/kg growth of tibia versus ad libidum controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 8 birds/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 d Laboratory
ALUMINUM SULFATE, SULFURIC ACID reduced @ 0.5% Al tibial dry weight, and ash and calcium content versus ad libidum controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 8 birds/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of boron and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival

Author(s)
Stanley, Thomas R., Jr., Gregory J. Smith, David J. Hoffman, Gary H. Heinz, and Roger Rosscoe
Pages
1124-1132
Year
Issue
7
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 4.6 (0.18) ppm B @ 450 ppm B; 8.5 (0.34) ppm B @ 900 ppm B; 3.7 (0.16) ppm Se @ 3.5 ppm Se; 6.2 (0.27) ppm Se @ 7 ppm mean (SE) wet wt concentrations of B and Se in liver Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 6.5 (0.25) ppm B @ 450 ppm B; 11 (0.4) ppm B @ 900 ppm B; 3.5 (0.10) ppm Se @ 3.5 ppm Se; 7.1 (0.28) ppm Se @ 7 ppm mean (SE) wet wt concentrations of B and Se in egg Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 900 ppm B body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 900 ppm B liver weight versus 450 ppm B group Male Adult 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman, L. Sileo, D.J. Audet, and L.J. LeCaptain
Pages
323-333
Year
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 869 and 954 ug/g protoporphyrin versus corn or complete diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 7 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 869 and 954 ug/g delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity versus corn or complete diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 7 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect body weight versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 5 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 869 ug/g, corn diet mortality versus corn diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 7 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 828 ug/g hemoglobin concentrations versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 5 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 869 and 954 ug/g incidence of renal tubular intranuclear inclusion bodies versus corn or complete diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 7 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity in the wild mallard duckling caused by organophosphorus insecticides cyanofenphos and leptophos

Author(s)
Soliman, S.A., N.S. Ahmed, K.S. El-Gendy, A.S. El-Bakary and A.H. El-Sebae
Pages
401-411
Year
Issue
5
Volume
B21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CYANOFENPHOS increased @ 2.0, or 4.0 mg cyanofen/kg/d, 10 mg leptophos/kg/d. incidence of histological lesions in axons and myelin sheaths Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 week Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of malathion, diazinon, and parathion on mallard embryo development and cholinesterase activity

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
472-485
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
MALATHION increased @ 125 lb/acre cumulative mortality by day 18 compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
MALATHION 118 (day 3), 101 (day 8) lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
PARATHION 41(day 3), 39 (day 8) lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary vanadium in mallard ducks

Author(s)
White, Donald H. and Michael P. Dieter
Pages
43-50
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
VANADYL SULFATE increased @ 100 ppm (maximum = 106 +/- 19 ppb, wet wt) vanadium concentration in blood (sampled at 3 wk intervals) Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
VANADYL SULFATE brain, 9(1); fat, 20(11); kidney, 273(49); liver, 657(113), male femur 274(47); female femur 3327(2208) ppm, wet wt mean (SE) vanadium concentrations @ 100 ppm dose in brain, fat, kidney, liver, and femur Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
VANADYL SULFATE <0.02 ppb, wet wt @ 1, 10 ppm; 63 ppb, wet wt @ 100 ppm vanadium concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of organic and inorganic selenium to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman and L.G. Gold
Pages
561-568
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect tarsus length, 10th primary length, heart weight versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENITE, SODIUM 18(4.8) ppm, wet wt @ 40 ppm; 6.9(2.07) ppm, wet wt @ 80 ppm mean liver concentrations (SE) in ducklings fed selenite that died Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE 60(14.2) ppm, wet wt @ 40 ppm; 51(5.2) ppm, wet wt @ 80 ppm mean liver concentrations (SE) in ducklings fed selenomethionine that died Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of Aroclor 1254 on the thyroid gland, immune function and hepatic cytochrome P450 activity in mallards

Author(s)
Fowles, Jefferson R., Anne Fairbrother, Kimberly A. Trust and Nancy I. Kerkvliet
Pages
119-129
Year
Volume
75
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
AROCLOR 1254 increased @ 100, 250, 500 mg/kg bw thyroid wt/body wt and liver wt/body wt ratios versus controls Male Adult 6-12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 increased @ 250, 500 mg/kg bw lymphocyte proliferation to PHA versus controls Male Adult 6-12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of lead shot to wild black ducks and mallards fed natural foods.

Author(s)
Chasko, G.G., T.R. Hoehn and P. Howell-Heller
Pages
417-428
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased @ 5 shot (33%) and repeated 5 shot (40%) percent mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Not Reported 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) increased @ all doses Pb concentrations in wing bone and liver Both Male and Female Not Reported 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Tissue-specific bioenergetic effects and increased enzymatic activities following acute sublethal peroral exposure to cyanide in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Ma, Juntao and Chris A. Pritsos
Pages
297-302
Year
Volume
142
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CYANIDE decreased @ all doses ATP levels in liver and brain tissues versus controls Female Adult 5/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CYANIDE no effect ATP levels in heart versus controls Female Adult 5/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Sublethal effects of chronic lead ingestion in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
929-937
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD NITRATE decreased @ 25 ppm/3 wks, 5 ppm/12 wks delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in blood versus controls Male Adult 20/dose; 5/dose x time group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
LEAD NITRATE increased @ 25 ppm/3wks accumulation in livers and kidneys versus controls Male Adult 20/dose; 5/dose x time group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic hepatotoxicity of selenomethionine ingestion in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Gary H. Heinz, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Christine M. Bunck and David E. Greene
Pages
449-464
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 32 ppm incidence of liver histopathological lesions, liver:body wt ratios versus controls Male Adult 10 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 yr Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 32 ppm plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein levels versus controls Male Adult 10 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Dietary toxicity tests with mallards, simulating residue decline of chlorpyrifos and avoidance of treated food

Author(s)
Kenaga, E.E., R.J. Fink and J.B. Beavers
Pages
36-44
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CHLORPYRIFOS 357 ppm 11 day dietary LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary nickel on survival and growth of mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W. and Ellen A. Pafford
Pages
737-745
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
NICKEL SULFATE increased @ 800, 1200 ppm incidence of clinical signs and mortality Both Male and Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Response of ducks to glyphosphate-induced habitat alterations in wetlands

Author(s)
Linz, George M., Dage C. Blixt, David L. Bergman and William J. Bleier
Pages
38-44
Year
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
GLYPHOSATE increased @ 50, 90 percent population density 2 years post-spray versus controls Not Reported Not Reported 3-6 sample wetlands/treatment near Lakota (48deg03'N, 98deg21'W) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryotoxic effects of crude oil in mallard ducks and chicks

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J.
Pages
183-190
Year
Volume
46
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decreased @ 5 uL/egg embryonic weight (females) and crown rump length (both sexes) Both Male and Female Hatchling 65 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 days Laboratory

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Comparative effects of ammonium and nitrate compounds on Pacific treefrog and African clawed frog embryos

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S. and A.V. Nebeker
Pages
200-206
Year
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
AMMONIUM NITRATE 3.3 NOAEL for body weight and length mg NH4-N/L Not Reported Embryo 10/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 30.3 10-d LC50 for embryos mg NH4-N/L Not Reported Embryo 10/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 27.0 - 33.4 (95% CI) Laboratory
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 24.9 LOAEL for body weight and length and deformities mg NH4-N/L Not Reported Embryo 10/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 12.8 NOAEL for body weight and length and deformities mg NH4-N/L Not Reported Embryo 10/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation

Author(s)
Powell, Debra, Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Don E. Tillitt, Mary E. Kelly, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Mark J. Melancon, Scott D. Fitzgerald, and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
2035-2040
Year
Issue
10
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased @ 5.4, 10.7, 11.7 ug/kg egg mortality in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 175, 349, 698 ug/kg egg mortality in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) 4.0 ug/kg egg (0.8-7.2) LD50 (95% confidence limits) Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) 177 ug/kg egg (77-264) LD50 (95% confidence limits) Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs

Author(s)
Powell, Debra C., Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Donald E. Tillit, Jon F. Powell, Janelle C. Restum, Kenneth L. Stromborg, John P. Giesy and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
1450-1455
Year
Issue
7
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased @ 5 ug/kg weight of heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Embryo 15-60/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in double-crested cormorant chicks (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas, Ross J. Norstrom, John E. Elliott, Leslie E. Hart, Kimberly M. Cheng and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
247-265
Year
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased at 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg Mean yolk weight of eggs Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 1606 ng/kg total hepatic cytochrome P450 content Not Reported Hatchling 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Influence of feeding chlorocholine chloride and glyphosine on selected immune parameters in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Olson, Leon J. and Ronald D. Hinsdill
Pages
103-114
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CHLOROCHOLINE CHLORIDE increase @ 1, 20, 80 mg/kg bw/d liver weight to bw ratio Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROCHOLINE CHLORIDE increase @ 1-80 mg/kg thymus weight to bw ratios Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROCHOLINE CHLORIDE increase @ 80 mg/kg bw/d white blood cell counts Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

The effects of dieldrin on the behavior of young loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Busbee, Everette L.
Pages
28-35
Year
Volume
94
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN increased at 1 mg/kg latency to formation of natural prey killing behaviors Not Reported Juvenile 10-11/dose collected in San Diego County, CA Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day post-hatch (begin) Laboratory
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