USA

Displaying 2387 data points

American Robin (Turdus migratorius)

Citation:

Invasive fruits, novel foods, and choice: an investigation of European starling and American robin frugivory.

Author(s)

Lafleur, N.E., Rubega, M.A. and Elphick, C.S.

Issue

3

Volume

119
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	See Figure 1	Mean fruits eaten in trial	B	Not Reported	2 males, 4 females	University of Connecticut’s Avian Research Facility in Storrs	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Disparity between adult and juvenile American Robins Turdus migratorius foraging for ground invertebrates and cherry fruits.

Author(s)

Vanderhoff, E.N. and Eason, P.K.

Issue

12

Volume

113
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Food Ingestion Rate	See Figure 1	Insect ingestion	Invertebrates/min	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	Adult: 204, juvenile: 224	Louisville	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Food Ingestion Rate	See Figure 3	Cherry ingestion	Fruits/min	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	Adult: 204, juvenile: 224	Louisville	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Do seeds hinder digestive processing of fruit pulp? Implications for plant/frugivore mutualisms.

Author(s)

Witmer, M.C.

Issue

2

Volume

115
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Food Ingestion Rate	See Figure 1	Wet matter intake (seeds vs. pulp)	mg/g/d	NR	Adult	4		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Food Ingestion Rate	See Figure 2	Dry matter intake (seeds vs. pulp)	mg/g/d	NR	Adult	4		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Body Weight - Mean	72		g	NR	Adult	4		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	6.6

Citation:

Does low daily energy expenditure drive low metabolic capacity in the tropical robin, Turdus grayi?.

Author(s)

Wagner, D.N., Mineo, P.M., Sgueo, C., Wikelski, M. and Schaeffer, P.J.

Issue

6

Volume

183
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Condition	Countries	Error
Metabolic Rate	7.8	Daily energey expenditure	LO2/d	NR	Not Reported	Not reported	Michigan and Ohio	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	USA	0.55
Metabolic Rate	104.4	Mass specific daily energy expenditure	LO2/kg/d	NR	Not Reported	Not reported	Michigan and Ohio	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	USA	6.7
Metabolic Rate	10.3	Summit metabolism	mLO2/min	NR	Not Reported	Not reported	Michigan and Ohio	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	USA	0.88
Metabolic Rate	145.2	Mass specific summit metabolism	mLO2/kg/min	NR	Not Reported	Not reported	Michigan and Ohio	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	USA	11.9
Body Weight - Mean	70.5		g	NR	Not Reported	Not reported	Michigan and Ohio	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	USA	1.6

Citation:

Breeding bird response to cattle grazing of a cottonwood bottomland.

Author(s)

Sedgwick, J.A. and Knopf, F.L.

Issue

1

Volume

51
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Population Density	Grazed: 1982: 26.6; 1984: 37.6; 1985: 39.6; ungrazed: 1982: 25.4; 1984: 27.5; 1985: 48.6	Mean abundance	Birds/100 ha	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	South Platte Wildlife Management Area	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	Grazed: 1982: 6.21; 1984: 4.58; 1985: 7.89; ungrazed: 1982: 4.14; 1984: 3.30; 1985: 2.55

California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma californiense)

Citation:

Life history and demographic variation in the California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense).

Author(s)

Trenham, P.C., Bradley Shaffer, H., Koenig, W.D. and Stromberg, M.R.

Issue

2

Volume

2000
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Hatching Success	<30	Annual reproductive success	metamorphs produced per reproductive female	B	Adult	Oak Ridge Ranch	Exposure Factor Datasets	Monterey	USA

Citation:

Effective population size is strongly correlated with breeding pond size in the endangered California tiger salamander, Ambystoma californiense.

Author(s)

Wang, I.J., Johnson, J.R., Johnson, B.B. and Shaffer, H.B.

Issue

4

Volume

12
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	FMC: 42, OEV: 64, VS1: 40, VS2: 29, VS3: 33, VS4: 29, CCR: 11, SCR: 14, LPR: 13, BCS: 25	Ne, effective population size	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	203	10 ponds; see citation for names	Exposure Factor Datasets	Merced	USA

Citation:

Delayed life history effects, multilevel selection, and evolutionary trade‐offs in the California tiger salamander.

Author(s)

Searcy, C.A., Gray, L.N., Trenham, P.C. and Shaffer, H.B.

Issue

1

Volume

95
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Age at Sexual Maturity	4		y	B	Adult		Exposure Factor Datasets	Solano		USA
Body Weight - Mean	10.77	Mean mass at emergence	g	B	Embryo	Jepson Prairie Preserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	Solano	Emergence	USA
Body Weight - Mean	See citation Figure 4	Mean mass at emergence by cohort/location	g	B	Embryo	Monterey, Solano counties	Exposure Factor Datasets		Emergence	USA

Citation:

A refined ecological risk assessment for California red‐legged frog, Delta smelt, and California tiger salamander exposed to malathion.

Author(s)

Clemow, Y.H., Manning, G.E., Breton, R.L., Winchell, M.F., Padilla, L., Rodney, S.I., Hanzas, J.P., Estes, T.L., Budreski, K., Toth, B.N. and Hill, K.L.

Issue

2

Volume

14
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Zooplankton, arthropods, amphipods, mollusks, insect larvae, tadpoles of: Pacific tree frog tadpoles, California red-legged frogs, toads	Aquatic-phase diet	B	Juvenile		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Calculating biologically accurate mitigation credits: insights from the California tiger salamander.

Author(s)

Searcy, C.A. and Shaffer, H.B.

Issue

4

Volume

22
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	See citation Figure 1b	Modeled density distribution of reproductive value	B	Adult	Adults: 608, juveniles: 1828, metamorphs: 3146	Olcott Lake, Jepson Prairie Preserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	Solano	USA

California Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis)

Citation:

Coluber (= Masticophis) lateralis euryxanthus (Alameda Striped Racer) and Lampropeltis getula californiae (California Kingsnake). Predation and maximum prey length ratio.

Author(s)

Yacelga, M., Wiseman, K.D.

Issue

2

Volume

42
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Age-Specific	California Counties	Countries
Body length	838	Snout-vent length	mm	F	Adult	1	Moraga	Exposure Factor Datasets	Not reported	Alameda	USA
Body length	1150	Total length	mm	F	Adult	1	Moraga	Exposure Factor Datasets	Not reported	Alameda	USA
Body Weight - Mean	129.2		g	F	Adult	1	Moraga	Exposure Factor Datasets	Not reported	Alameda	USA

Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana boylii)

Citation:

Effects of flow regimes altered by dams on survival, population declines, and range‐wide losses of California river‐breeding frogs.

Author(s)

Kupferberg, S.J., Palen, W.J., Lind, A.J., Bobzien, S., Catenazzi, A., Drennan, J., and Power, M.E.

Issue

3

Volume

26
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Population Density	See Table 1	Presence in sites occupied prior to 1975						Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	Rivers with dams: 5.5, free flowing rivers: 31.1	Clutch abundance per distance	Clutches/km	B	Embryo			Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	Rivers with dams: 1.2, free flowing rivers: 9.2
Hatching Success	See Figure 4	Clutch survival by water discharge		B	Embryo	7-18, see figure description		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Effects of water temperature on breeding phenology, growth, and metamorphosis of foothill yellow‐legged frogs (Rana boylii): A case study of the regulated mainstem and unregulated tributaries of California's Trinity River.

Author(s)

Wheeler, C.A., Bettaso, J.B., Ashton, D.T. and Welsh Jr, H.H.

Issue

10

Volume

31
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying	See Figure 3; early April-mid June	Oviposition	Date	B	Embryo	Not reported	Trinity River tributaries	Exposure Factor Datasets	Trinity	USA
Time of Hatching or Parturition	See Figure 3; mid May-late August	Post-hatching	Date	B	Tadpole	Not reported	Trinity River tributaries	Exposure Factor Datasets	Trinity	USA
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis	See Figure 3; mid July-early October	Metamorphosis	Date	B	Juvenile	Not reported	Trinity River tributaries	Exposure Factor Datasets	Trinity	USA
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis	2008: 9; 2009: 8.5	Time to metamorphosis	Weeks	B	Juvenile	Not reported	Trinity River tributaries	Exposure Factor Datasets	Trinity	USA
Body length	Increased in colder streams except at metamorphic climax	Snout-vent length			Juvenile	Not reported	Trinity River tributaries	Exposure Factor Datasets	Trinity	USA

Citation:

Foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii) oviposition site choice at multiple spatial scales.

Author(s)

Lind, A.J., Welsh Jr, H.H. and Wheeler, C.A.

Issue

2

Volume

50
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	See Figure 3	Egg masses/km	B	Embryo	See citation		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Longjaw Mudsucker (Gillichthys mirabilis)

Citation:

Growth of estuarine fish is associated with the combined concentration of sediment contaminants and shows no adaptation or acclimation to past conditions.

Author(s)

Forrester, G.E., Fredericks, B.I., Gerdeman, D., Evans, B., Steele, M.A., Zayed, K., Schweitzer, L.E., Suffet, I.H., Vance, R.R. and Ambrose, R.F.

Issue

3

Volume

56
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Body length	Alamitos: 59.3, Ballona: 77.9, Mugu: 69.0	Mean length	mm	NR	Not Reported	Not reported	Three estuaries in southern CA	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	Alamitos: 3.0, Ballona: 1.7, Mugu: 5.6

Citation:

Aerial respiration in the longjaw mudsucker Gillichthys mirabilis (Teleostei: Gobiidae).

Author(s)

Todd, E.S. and Ebeling, A.W.

Issue

2

Volume

130
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Age-Specific	California Counties	Countries
Inhalation Rate	Opercular movement ceases before air gulping: <1.6	Aerial respiration	mg O2/L	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	13	University of California, Santa Barbara	Exposure Factor Datasets	NR	Santa Barbara	USA
Inhalation Rate	5.6 mg O2/L: 58.2; 4.0: 48.5; 2.8: 595; 2.2: 57.5; 2.0: 53.4; 1.8: 60.7	Opercular beats	Beats/min	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	13	University of California, Santa Barbara	Exposure Factor Datasets	NR	Santa Barbara	USA

Santa Cruz Long-Toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum)

Citation:

A comparison of the life histories of coastal and montane populations of Ambystoma macrodactylum in California.

Author(s)

Anderson, J.D.

Issue

2

Volume

77
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Age-Specific	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Body length	Day 0: 21.3, 13: 27.0, 25: 38.1, 50: 56.3, 92: 78.1, 103: 72.0	Total length	mm	B		Day 0: 13, 13: 12, 25/50: 14, 92: 10, 103: 7	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets	Days 0, 13, 25, 50, 92, 103	Santa Cruz		USA
Body length	Day 0: 20.0, 24: 27.6, 39: 47.4, 60: 67.1, 74: 76.0, 94: 82.1, 109: 81.4	Total length	mm	B		Day 0: 4, 24: 16, 39: 17, 60: 12, 74: 6, 94: 8, 109: 3	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets	Days 0, 24, 39, 60, 74, 94, 109	Santa Cruz		USA
Body length	Day 0: 12.6, 29: 32.0, 42: 47.2, 77: 57.8, 100: 55.6	Total length	mm	B		Day 0: 19, 29: 17, 42: 20, 77: 12, 100: 2	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets	Days 0, 29, 42, 77, 100	Santa Cruz		USA
Body Weight - Mean	Day 0: 0.017, 29: 0.278, 42: 0.801, 77: 1.500		6	B		Day 0: 19, 29: 17, 42: 20, 77: 12	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz		USA
Body length	75.6	Total length	mm	B	Juvenile	17	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz	Metamorphosing	USA
Body length	37.5	Snout-vent length	mm	B	Juvenile	17	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz	Metamorphosing	USA
Body length	81.5	Total length	mm	B	Juvenile	8	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz	Metamorphosing	USA
Body length	42.6	Snout-vent length	mm	B	Juvenile	8	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz	Metamorphosing	USA
Body length	55.6	Total length	mm	B	Juvenile	2	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz	Metamorphosing	USA
Body length	32.6	Snout-vent length	mm	B	Juvenile	2	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz	Metamorphosing	USA
Body length	90.8	Total length	mm	B	Juvenile	9	Ellicott Pond	Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz	Metamorphosing	USA
Body length	45.1	Snout-vent length	mm	B	Juvenile	9	Ellicott Pond	Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz	Metamorphosing	USA
Time of Mating/ Laying	1955: early February; 1956: late February; 1957: sporadic; 1958: early February; 1959: mid-January	Main breeding effort by year		B	Adult			Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz		USA
Body length	Day 0: 91.8, 8: 90.6, 15: 91.4, 30: 91.1, 43: 92.6, 70: 91.2, 85: 77.4, 116: 102.0, 148: 97.5, 190: 95.7, 204: 95.4	Total length	mm	B	Juvenile	Day 0: 2, 8: 7, 15: 6, 30: 6, 43: 8, 70: 12, 85: 11, 116: 10, 148: 7, 190: 6, 204: 6	Ellicott Pond	Exposure Factor Datasets	NR	Santa Cruz	Post-metamorphosed	USA
Clutch or Litter Size	307	Number of eggs	eggs	F	Adult	5		Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz		USA
Body length	Day 0: 46.2, 8: 45.9, 15: 45.6, 30: 43.6, 43: 45.6, 70: 44.6, 85: 47.3, 116: 49.4, 148: 46.3, 190: 49.0, 204: 49.4	Snout-vent length	mm	B	Juvenile	Day 0: 2, 8: 7, 15: 6, 30: 6, 43: 8, 70: 12, 85: 11, 116: 10, 148: 7, 190: 6, 204: 6	Ellicott Pond	Exposure Factor Datasets	NR	Santa Cruz	Post-metamorphosed	USA
Body length	10.9	Total length	mm	B	Neonate	9		Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz		USA
Time of Mating/ Laying	See citation Table 11	% breeding individuals by size class	%	B	Adult	137	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	Santa Cruz		USA
Body length	12.6	Total length	mm	B	Neonate	19	Valencia Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz		USA

Citation:

A disjunct population of the long-nosed salamander from the coast of California.

Author(s)

Russell, R.W. and Anderson, J.D.

Issue

2

Volume

12
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Body length	33	Snout-vent length	mm	NR		1		Exposure Factor Datasets		Deceased specimensin museum collection	USA
Body length	57.2	Snout-vent length	mm	M	Adult	1	Rio Del Mar	Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Cruz	Deceased specimensin museum collection	USA

Citation:

A comparison of the food habits of Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillatum, Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum, and Ambystoma tigrinum californiense.

Author(s)

Anderson, J.D.

Issue

4

Volume

24
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Age-Specific	California Counties	Countries
Dietary Composition	Cast skin: 10.4, Annelida (Lumbriscus): 6.5, Mollusca (snail): 1.3, Mollusca (slug): 6.5, Anthropoda (Chilopoda): 3.9, Anthropoda (Isopoda): 46.8, Anthropoda (Araneida): 1.3, Insecta (Collembola): , Insecta (Collembola): 2.6, Insecta (Lepidoptera): 2.6, Insecta (Diptera): 2.6, Insecta (Orthoptera Blattidae): 2.6, Insecta (Orthoptera Gryllidae): 3.9, Insecta (Coloptera Carabidae): 9.1, Insecta (Coloptera Staphylinidae): 2.5, Insecta (Coloptera Elateridae): 1.3, Insecta (Coloptera Curculionidae): 1.3, Unidentified: 1.3	% total number items	%	B	Adult	38	Ellicott Pond	Exposure Factor Datasets		Santa Cruz	USA
Dietary Composition	Cladocera: 80.8, Copopeda: 61.5, Ostracoda: 23.1, Chironomidae: 53.8, Chaoborus: 11.5, Corixidae: 15.4, Coleoptera: 3.8, snails: 11.5, leeches: 3.8, oligochaeta: 3.8, tadpoles: 23.1	% total number items	%	B	Juvenile	26	Ellicott Pond	Exposure Factor Datasets	Larvae	Santa Cruz	USA

Tehachapi Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps stebbinsi)

Citation:

A new species of Batrachoseps (slender salamander) from the desert of southern California.

Author(s)

Brame, A.H.

Volume

200
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Body length	55.2	Standard length	mm		Exposure Factor Datasets	Kern	USA

Desert Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps aridus)

Citation:

A new species of Batrachoseps (slender salamander) from the desert of southern California.

Author(s)

Brame, A.H.

Volume

200
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Body length	37.4	Total length	mm	B	Adult	14	Hidden Palm Canyon	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	USA
Body length	48.4	Snout-vent length	mm	F	Adult	1	Hidden Palm Canyon	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	USA
Body length	45.8	Snout-vent length	mm	F	Adult	1	Hidden Palm Canyon	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	USA

Limestone Salamander (Hydromantes brunus)

Citation:

A new species of salamander from central California.

Author(s)

Gorman, J.

Issue

3

Volume

10
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Body length	105.6	Total length	mm	F	1	Bear Creek/Merced River confluence	Exposure Factor Datasets	Mariposa	Deceased specimensin museum collection	USA
Body length	63.9	Snout-vent length	mm	F	1	Bear Creek/Merced River confluence	Exposure Factor Datasets	Mariposa	Deceased specimensin museum collection	USA
Body length	98.5	Total length	mm	M	1	Bear Creek/Merced River confluence	Exposure Factor Datasets	Mariposa	Deceased specimensin museum collection	USA
Body length	63.2	Snout-vent length	mm	M	1	Bear Creek/Merced River confluence	Exposure Factor Datasets	Mariposa	Deceased specimensin museum collection	USA

Western Mastiff Bat (Eumops perotis californicus)

Citation:

Bats of the California Channel Islands: new records with new methods.

Author(s)

Brown, P.E. and Rainey, W.E.

Issue

3

Volume

78
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Moths (Lepidoptera)	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	NR		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Dietary Composition	Moths, beetles, crickets	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	NR		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Vesper Bat (Myotis yumanensis)

Citation:

Notes on the Natural History of the Bat, Myotis yumanensis, in California, with a Description of a New Race.

Author(s)

Dalquest, W.W.

Issue

1

Volume

38
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Body Weight - Mean		g	F	Adult	12	Limekiln Creek	Exposure Factor Datasets	Monterey	Nonpregnant (some lactating)	USA
Body Weight - Mean	5.5	g	M	Adult	5	Limekiln Creek	Exposure Factor Datasets	Monterey	Nonpregnant (some lactating)	USA

Citation:

Autumn fat deposition and gross body composition in three species of Myotis.

Author(s)

Ewing, W.G., Studier, E.H. and O'Farrell, M.J.

Volume

36
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Body Fat (total or %)	August: 0.30, September 1: 0.67, September 15: 0.88	Fat index	g fat/g lean dw	F	Adult	August: 5, September 1: 5, September 15: 8	Montezuma, San Miguel County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	August: 0.12, September 1: 0.12, September 15: 0.23
Body Fat (total or %)	August: 0.27, September 1: 0.19, September 15: 0.32	Fat index	g fat/g lean dw	F	Juvenile	August: 1, September 1: 5, September 15: 1	Montezuma, San Miguel County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	September 1: 0.05
Body Fat (total or %)	August: 0.24, September 1: 0.08	Fat index	g fat/g lean dw	M	Juvenile	August: 3, September 1: 2	Montezuma, San Miguel County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	August: 0.08, September 1: 0.01

Citation:

Potential effects of environmental contamination on Yuma myotis demography and population growth.

Author(s)

Frick, W.F., Rainey, W.E. and Pierson, E.D.

Issue

4

Volume

17
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Survival/ Mortality	Annual stage-specific apparent survival rate	F	Juvenile	903	Shasta, Trinity, and Siskiyou counties	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Survival/ Mortality	Annual stage-specific apparent survival rate	F	Adult	903	Shasta, Trinity, and Siskiyou counties	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Use of bridges by bats (mammalia: chiroptera) in the Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico.

Author(s)

Geluso, K. and Mink, J.N.

Issue

4

Volume

54
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	13997	Occupying bridges	No. individuals	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	13,997	Rio Grande Valley	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Behavioral responses to high temperatures in three species of California bats.

Author(s)

Licht, P. and Leitner, P.

Issue

1

Volume

48
Exposure Endpoint Type	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Body Weight - Mean	g	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	2000	Barn in Solano County	Exposure Factor Datasets	Solano	Nursery roost	USA

Citation:

Prey selection by bats in forests of western Oregon.

Author(s)

Ober, H.K. and Hayes, J.P.

Issue

5

Volume

89
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Acari: 1, Araneae: 10, Coleoptera: 1, Diptera: 31, Ephemeroptera: <1, Hemiptera: 6, Homoptera: 2, Hymenoptera: 1, Isoptera: 12, Lepidoptera: 11, Neuroptera: 2, Orthoptera: 0, Plecoptera: <1, Psocoptera: 0, Trichoptera: 22	% volume in fecal pellets	% volume	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	70	Oregon Coast Range	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura)

Citation:

Home ranges of sympatric black and turkey vultures in South Carolina.

Author(s)

DeVault, T.L., Reinhart, B.D., Brisbin Jr, I.L. and Rhodes Jr, O.E.

Issue

3

Volume

106
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Home Range	34053	95% kernel	ha	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	4	Savanah River	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	8567
Home Range	71549	95% JT	ha	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	4	Savanah River	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	7861
Body Weight - Mean	2		kg	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	4	Savanah River	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Brownian Bridge Movement Models to Characterize Birds' Home Ranges

Author(s)

Fischer, J.W., Walter, W.D. and Avery, M.L.

Issue

2

Volume

115
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Home Range	See citation Figure 3	Estimates from Brownian bridge movement models (BBMM) and kernel density estimates (KDE) for 50% and 95% utilization distributions	Square km	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	7	South Carolina, Georgia, Florida	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Sexual monomorphism in wing loading and wing aspect ratio in Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) and Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura).

Author(s)

Graves, G.R.

Issue

1

Volume

130
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Condition	Countries	Error
Body Weight - Mean	2.22	kg	F	Adult	15	Nashville	Exposure Factor Datasets	Overwintering	USA	0.14
	2.06	kg	M	Adult	8	Nashville	Exposure Factor Datasets	Overwintering	USA	0.16

Citation:

Fine-scale assessment of home ranges and activity patterns for resident black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura).

Author(s)

Holland, A.E., Byrne, M.E., Bryan, A.L., DeVault, T.L., Rhodes, O.E. and Beasley, J.C.

Issue

7

Volume

12
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Home Range	61.5	Brownian bridge movement model	Square km	Adult	14	Savannah River Site	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	4.3

Citation:

Diet of black and turkey vultures in a forested landscape.

Author(s)

Kelly, N.E., Sparks, D.W., DeVault, T.L. and Rhodes Jr, O.E.

Issue

2

Volume

119
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Insecta: 2, reptilia: 2, aves: 34, mammalia: 98, plantae: 85, non-biological material: 11	Black (70%) and turkey (30%) vultures	% frequency	Both Adults and Juveniles	65	Savannah River Site	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Dietary Composition	Reptilia: trace, aves: 4, mammalia: 96	Black (70%) and turkey (30%) vultures	% frequency	Both Adults and Juveniles	65	Savannah River Site	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Predatory bird populations in the east Mojave Desert, California.

Author(s)

Knight, R.L., Camp, R.J., Boarman, W.I. and Knight, H.A.

Issue

4

Volume

59
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Population Density	Rangeland: 0.4, irrigated ag: 7.8, urban: 3.6	Mean number per 100 km	No. birds	Both Adults and Juveniles	115⁰45'E, 34⁰33'N	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Bernardino	USA	Rangeland: 0.6, irrigated ag: 37.3, urban: 14.3

Citation:

Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in blood of black and turkey vultures from Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA.

Author(s)

Kumar, K.S., Bowerman, W.W., DeVault, T.L., Takasuga, T., Rhodes Jr, O.E., Brisbin Jr, I.L. and Masunaga, S.

Issue

2

Volume

53
Exposure Endpoint Type	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Body Weight - Mean	kg	Both Adults and Juveniles	5	Savannah River Site	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Body Fat (total or %)	%	Both Adults and Juveniles	5	Savannah River Site	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Food finding and the influence of information, local enhancement, and communal roosting on foraging success of North American vultures.

Author(s)

Buckley, N.J.

Issue

2

Volume

113
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation Table 1	Observed consumption	Item identification	Not Reported	Not reported	Sinton, San Patricio County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Use of a communal roost by Turkey Vultures in northeastern Iowa.

Author(s)

McVey, K.J., Skrade, P.D. and Sordahl, T.A.

Issue

2

Volume

79
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Time of Migration or Dispersal	43181	Mean spring arrival date	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	28	Decorah Iowa	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	13 days

Citation:

Food habits of black and turkey vultures in Pennsylvania and Maryland.

Author(s)

Coleman, J.S. and Fraser, J.D.

Issue

4

Volume

51
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Cattle: 18, swine: 24, poultry: 8, sheep: 6, kitchen scraps: 2, groundhog: 16, deer: 4, skunk: 6, raccoon: 2, insect larva: 6, rabbit: 2, rodents: 2, turtle: 2, fish: 2; domestic: 58, wild: 42	Percent of feedings on various items	% of feedings	NR	Not Reported	10		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:

Widespread cannibalism by fledglings in a nesting colony of Black-crowned Night-herons.

Author(s)

Riehl, C.

Issue

1

Volume

118
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Condition	Countries
Population Density	10	Breeding pairs on island	Pairs	B	Adult	10	Oschner Island, Audobon Park, New Orleans	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	USA

Citation:

Colony turnover, nest success and productivity, and causes of nest failure among wading birds (Ciconiiformes) at Lake Okeechobee, Florida (1989-1992).

Author(s)

Smith, J.P. and Collopy, M.W.

Volume

45
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Time of Nesting	March 10-22			B	Adult	See citation	Lake Okeechobee	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	See citation Table 2	Number of nests				See citation	Lake Okeechobee	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Hatching Success	1989: 83, 1990: 100, 1991: 80, 1992: 61 %	Nest success	% success	B	Adult	See citation	Lake Okeechobee	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Clutch or Litter Size	1989: 3.5, 1990 & 1991: 3.3, 1992: 3.4	Eggs per nest	Eggs/nest	B	Embryo	See citation	Lake Okeechobee	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Nesting season food habits of 4 species of herons and egrets at Lake Okeechobee, Florida.

Author(s)

Smith, J.P.

Issue

2

Volume

20
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation Figure 4	Percent biomass	B	Nestling	See citation Table 1	Lake Okeechobee	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Scale-dependent habitat selection of nesting Great Egrets and Snowy Egrets.

Author(s)

Stolen, E.D., Collazo, J.A. and Percival, H.F.

Issue

3

Volume

30
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Foraging Distance	6.2	Mean flight distance	km	NR	Not Reported	28	North Indian River Lagoon	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.46

Citation:

The feeding ecology and behavior of five species of herons in southeastern New Jersey.

Author(s)

Willard, D.E.

Issue

4

Volume

79
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation	Prey size	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	Not reported	Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

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