USA

Displaying 2387 data points

California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis)

Citation:

Distribution of California black rails in the Sierra Nevada foothills.

Author(s)

Richmond, O.M., Tecklin, J. and Beissinger, S.R.

Issue

4

Volume

79
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Population Density	1.81 (pi=1), 3.61 (pi=0.5)	Density estimate	Not Reported	Sierra Nevada foothills & Sacramento Valley	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.30 (pi=1), 0.60 (pi=0.5)
Population Density	1.67 (pi=1), 3.35 (pi=0.5)	Density estimate	Not Reported	Sierra Nevada foothills & Sacramento Valley	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.20 (pi=1), 0.41 (pi=0.5)

Citation:

Tidal marsh birds of the San Francisco Bay region: status, distribution, and conservation of five Category 2 taxa.

Author(s)

Nur, N., Zack, S., Evens, J. and Gardali, T.
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	See citation Tables 14 & 15	"Minimum density"	Individuals/36.2 m radius	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	See citation		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	See citation Table 15	"Minimum density"	Individuals/36.2 m radius	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	See citation		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	6914	Estimated abundance	Individuals/5531 ha	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	6914	San Pablo Bay	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	5405	Estimated abundance	Individuals/3780 ha	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	5405	Suisun & Carquinez	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	250	Estimated abundance	Individuals/543 ha	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	250	Outer Coast	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Effects of Temporal and Environmental Factors on the Probability of Detecting California Black Rails (Efectos de los Factores Temporales y Ambientales en la Probabilidad de Detectar Individuos de Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus).

Author(s)

Spear, L.B., Terrill, S.B., Lenihan, C. and Delevoryas, P.

Issue

4

Volume

70
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	See citation Figure 1	Individuals/ha	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	Concord Naval Weapsons Station	Exposure Factor Datasets	Contra Costa	USA

Citation:

Home range, habitat selection, and movements of California black rails at tidal marshes at San Francisco Bay, California.

Author(s)

Tsao, D.C., Takekawa, J.Y., Woo, I., Yee, J.L. and Evens, J.G.

Issue

4

Volume

111
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Foraging Distance	2005: 23.1, 2006: 31.6	Distance moved between daily observations	m	M	Adult	2005: 1, 2006: 1	Gambinini Marsh, 38⁰ 12' N, 122⁰ 35' W1	Exposure Factor Datasets	Sonoma	USA	2005: 3.7, 2006: 6.4
Foraging Distance	24.3	Distance moved between daily observations	m	F	Adult	1	Gambinini Marsh, 38⁰ 12' N, 122⁰ 35' W1	Exposure Factor Datasets	Sonoma	USA	3.8
Foraging Distance	2005: 42.2, 2006: 25.8	Distance moved between daily observations	m	M	Adult	2005: 5, 2006: 6	Mid-Petaluma Marsh, 38⁰ 11' N, 122⁰ 33' W	Exposure Factor Datasets	Sonoma	USA	2005: 4.0, 2006: 1.8
Foraging Distance	2005: 38.3, 2006: 20.2	Distance moved between daily observations	m	F	Adult	2005: 4, 2006: 4	Mid-Petaluma Marsh, 38⁰ 11' N, 122⁰ 33' W	Exposure Factor Datasets	Sonoma	USA	2005: 4.8, 2006: 1.6
Foraging Distance	2005: 20.0, 2006: 26.8	Distance moved between daily observations	m	M	Adult	2005: 4, 2006: 6	Black John Slough, 38⁰ 08' N, 122⁰ 31' W	Exposure Factor Datasets	Sonoma	USA	2005: 1.6, 2006: 2.0
Foraging Distance	2005: 26.9, 2006: 23.4	Distance moved between daily observations	m	F	Adult	2005: 7, 2006: 4	Black John Slough, 38⁰ 08' N, 122⁰ 31' W	Exposure Factor Datasets	Sonoma	USA	2005: 2.2, 2006: 1.9

Citation:

Discovery and habitat use of black rails along the central Florida Gulf Coast.

Author(s)

Pranty, B., Robinson, D.J. and Barnwell, M.

Issue

2

Volume

32
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	2	Individuals observed	Individuals	NR	Not Reported	Crystal River State Buffer Preserve, Citrus County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	27	Individuals observed	Individuals	NR	Not Reported	Weekiwachee Preserve, Hernando County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	10	Individuals observed	Individuals	NR	Not Reported	Werner-Boyce Salt Springs State Park, Pasco County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Home range size, nest-site selection and nesting success of Black Rails in Florida.

Author(s)

Legare, M.L. and Eddleman, W.R.

Issue

1

Volume

72
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Home Range	0.62		ha	F	Both Adults and Juveniles	Birds: 6, telemetry locations: 103	Jena, Dixie County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.27
Time of Nesting	May 1-August 22				Adult	19	Jena, Dixie County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Time of Hatching or Parturition	Earliest: May 19				Adult	19	Jena, Dixie County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Clutch or Litter Size	7	Eggs/nest			Embryo	13	Jena, Dixie County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.5
Home Range	1.3		ha	M	Both Adults and Juveniles	Birds: 9, telemetry locations: 276	Jena, Dixie County	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.52

Citation:

Status and habitat use of the California black rail in the southwestern USA.

Author(s)

Conway, C.J. and Sulzman, C.

Issue

4

Volume

27
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	136	Individuals detected in AZ/CA	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	AZ, CA	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis)

Author(s)

Eddleman, W. R., R. E. Flores and M. Legare.
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Body Weight - Mean	29		g	B	Not Reported			Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Time of Migration or Dispersal	Review	Spring and fall migration						Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Body Weight - Mean	Review		g	B	Adult	See citation	NY, MD, VA, FL, MI, DE, NC	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Distribution, relative abundance and status of the California black rail in western North America.

Author(s)

Evens, J.G., Page, G.W., Laymon, S.A. and Stallcup, R.W.

Issue

4

Volume

93
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	See citation	Individuals/12,142 ha wetlands w/tidal influence	B	608		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	See citation	Individuals	B	116		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

California Black Rails in the San Francisco Bay region: spatial and temporal variation in distribution and abundance.

Author(s)

Evens, J. and Nur, N.

Publisher

Cornell Lab of Ornithology

Volume

6
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Population Density	1.25	Medium abundance index	Indivuals/5531 ha	B	See citation	San Pablo Bay	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.345
Population Density	1.43	Medium abundance index	Indivuals/3780 ha	B	See citation	Suisun & Carquinez	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.32
Population Density	0.46	Medium abundance index	Indivuals/543 ha	B	See citation	Outer Coast	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.196
Population Density	Based on median: 3930, adjusted: 7100	Abundance		B	See citation	San Pablo Bay	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	Based on median: 4080, adjusted: 7200	Abundance		B	See citation	Suisun & Carquinez	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	Based on median: 163, adjusted: 289	Abundance		B	See citation	Outer Coast	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Ashy Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa)

Citation:

Ashy Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma homochroa mist-netting and capture rates in the California Channel Islands, 2004–2007.

Author(s)

Adams, J.

Volume

44
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Body Weight - Mean	34.7	g	M	Adult	28	Channel Islands	Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Barbara	USA	2.1
Body Weight - Mean	36.1	g	F	Adult	71	Channel Islands	Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Barbara	USA	2.8

Citation:

Ecomorphological differences in foraging and pattering behavior among storm-petrels in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Author(s)

Sausner, J., Torres-Mura, J.C., Robertson, J. and Hertel, F.

Issue

3

Volume

133
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Body Weight - Mean	34.2	g	NR	19	Anacapa Islands	Exposure Factor Datasets	Ventura	USA	2.3

Citation:

Status and trends of the Ashy Storm-petrel on Southeast Farallon Island, California, based upon capture-recapture analyses.

Author(s)

Sydeman, W.J., Nur, N., McLaren, E.B. and McChesney, G.J.

Issue

3

Volume

100
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	Total individuals: 6,461; breeders: 3,402	Estimated population size on island	B	South Farallon Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Francisco	USA
Population Density	Total individuals:4,284; breeders: 1,990	Estimated population size on island	B	South Farallon Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Francisco	USA

Citation:

Molt in Leach's and Ashy storm-petrels.

Author(s)

Ainley, D.G., Lewis, T.J. and Morrell, S.
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Time of Molt	Body: egg-hatching,Rectrice: 40 days post egg-hatch, Primaries: 30 days post-rectrice molt start, Secondaries: immediately post-primaries	Start time of molting relative to breeding		Adult	981	South Farallon Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Francisco	Breeding	USA
Time of Molt	Body: adult egg-laying,Rectrice: 40 days post egg-laying by adults, Primaries: 30 days post-rectrice molt start, Secondaries: immediately post-primaries	Start time of molting relative to breeding	Days	Juvenile	981	South Farallon Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Francisco		USA
Time of Molt	257	Length of molt cycle	Days	Adult	981	South Farallon Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Francisco		USA

Citation:

Top-down and bottom-up factors affecting seabird population trends in the California current system (1985–2006).

Author(s)

Ainley, D.G. and Hyrenbach, K.D.

Issue

3

Volume

84
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Population Density	0.09	Individuals/sq km	Individuals/sq km	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	977	Bodega Bay-Cypress Point	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	1.6041

Citation:

Status and monitoring of Ashy Storm-Petrels Oceanodroma homochroa at Point Reyes National Seashore, California, 2012–2015.

Author(s)

Becker, B.H., Carter, H.R., Henderson, R.P., Weinstein, A.M. and Parker, M.W.

Volume

44
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Population Density	See citation Table 2	Number of active nests/number of potential sites checked	Number of active nests/number of potential sites checked	B	See citation	Point Reyes National Seashore	Exposure Factor Datasets	Marin	Breeding	USA

Citation:

Changing breeding status of the ashy storm-petrel Oceanodroma homochroa on Anacapa Island, California.

Author(s)

Harvey, A.L., Mazurkiewicz, D.M., McKown, M.W., Barnes, K.W. and Parker, M.W.

Volume

44
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning	>76	Days post hatch	Days	NR	Fledgling	1	Anacapa Islands	Exposure Factor Datasets	Ventura	USA

Citation:

At-Sea distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California: a 20-Year comparison

Author(s)

Mason, J.W., McChesney, G.J., McIver, W.R., Carter, H.R., Takekawa, J.Y., Golightly, R.T., Ackerman, J.T., Orthmeyer, D.L., Perry, W.M., Yee, J.L. and Pierson, M.O.

Volume

33
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	10000	Approx. individuals off CA coast	Individuals	B	10,000		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	See citation Figure 20		Birds/sq km	B			Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Use of social attraction to restore Ashy Storm-Petrels Oceanodroma homochroa at Orizaba Rock, Santa Cruz Island, California.

Author(s)

McIver, W.R., Carter, H.R., Harvey, A.L., Mazurkiewicz, D.M. and Mason, J.W.

Volume

44
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Hatching Success	2008–2011: 49.5	Breeding success in artificial and natural nests (percent of nests fledging chicks)		105	Orizaba Rock, Santa Cruz Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Barbara	USA
Hatching Success	2005–2011: 71.2	Breeding success in natural nests (percent of nests fledging chicks)		156	Cave of the Birds' Eggs, Santa Cruz Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Barbara	USA
Time of Mating/ Laying	43267			96	Orizaba Rock, Santa Cruz Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Barbara	USA	2.5
Time of Mating/ Laying	43257			156	Cave of the Birds' Eggs, Santa Cruz Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Barbara	USA	2.1
Fledging or Weaning Rate	See citation Figure 8	Chicks fledged/nest	%		Orizaba Rock, Santa Cruz Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Barbara	USA
Fledging or Weaning Rate	See citation Figure 8	Chicks fledged/nest	%		Cave of the Birds' Eggs, Santa Cruz Island	Exposure Factor Datasets	Santa Barbara	USA

Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)

Citation:

Winter aggregations, Dehnel effect, and habitat relations in the Suisun shrew Sorex ornatus sinuosus.

Author(s)

Hays, W.S. and Lidicker, W.J.

Issue

4

Volume

45
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Condition	Countries
Body Weight - Mean	5.3	g	F	Adult	Not reported	Rush Ranch	Exposure Factor Datasets	Solano	Breeding	USA
Body Weight - Mean	6.5	g	M	Adult	Not reported	Rush Ranch	Exposure Factor Datasets	Solano	Reproductively active	USA
Body Weight - Mean	3.7	g	B	Adult	Not reported	Rush Ranch	Exposure Factor Datasets	Solano	Non-reproductive	USA
Body Weight - Mean	5	g	B	Adult	Not reported	Rush Ranch	Exposure Factor Datasets	Solano		USA

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus) survival, Southeastern California.

Author(s)

Randel III, C.J. and Silvy, N.J.

Issue

1

Volume

41
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Survival/ Mortality	80	Mortality	%	B		56	Upper Chuckwalla Valley	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	USA
Survival/ Mortality	2012-2013: pair formation: 0.868, pup-rearing: 0.944, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.752; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.891, pup-rearing: 1.000, annual: 0.892	Survival		M	Adult	56	Upper Chuckwalla Valley	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	USA	2012-2013: pair formation: 0.014, pup-rearing: 0.0.14, dispersal: 0.000, annual: 0.010; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.023, pup-rearing: 0.000, annual: 0.017
Survival/ Mortality	2012-2013: pair formation: 0.885, pup-rearing: 0.1.000, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.885; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.836, pup-rearing: 0.923, annual: 0.772	Survival		F	Adult	56	Upper Chuckwalla Valley	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	USA	2012-2013: pair formation: 0.0.033, pup-rearing: 0.000, dispersal: 0.0000, annual: 0.012; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.0.028, pup-rearing: 0.019, annual: 0.022
Survival/ Mortality	2012-2013: pair formation: 0.876, pup-rearing: 0..969, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.809; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.864, pup-rearing: 0.9640, annual: 0.833	Survival		B	Adult	56	Upper Chuckwalla Valley	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	USA	2012-2013: pair formation: 0.019, pup-rearing: 0.001, dispersal: 0.000, annual: 0.012; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.019, pup-rearing: 0.011, annual: 0.014

Citation:

Population dynamics of San Joaquin kit foxes at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California.

Author(s)

Cypher, B.L., Warrick, G.D., Otten, M.R., O'Farrell, T.P., Berry, W.H., Harris, C.E., Kato, T.T., McCue, P.M., Scrivner, J.H. and Zoellick, B.W.

Volume

145
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	See citation Table 1		Number/km2	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	See citation	Naval Petroleum Reserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	Kern	USA
Survival/ Mortality	See citation	Survival		B	Both Adults and Juveniles	See citation	Naval Petroleum Reserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	Kern	USA
Clutch or Litter Size	See citation Table 6		Pups/litter	B	Pup	See citation	Naval Petroleum Reserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	Kern	USA
Dietary Composition	Leporids: 44.1, kangaroo rats: 31.0, pocket mice: 1.2, antelope squirrels: 2.3, other rodents: 4.1, sheep: 0.8, birds: 2.5, snakes: 1.4, lizards: 0.1, orthopterans: 6.4, colopterans: 1.3, other arthropods: 0.1, other items: 6.9	Frequency of occurrence	%		Both Adults and Juveniles	4393	Naval Petroleum Reserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	Kern	USA

Citation:

Desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus) reproductive parameters—Upper Chuckwalla Valley, California.

Author(s)

Randel III, C.J.

Issue

1

Volume

41
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Clutch or Litter Size	2.69	Pups/litter	B	Pup	32	Upper Chuckwalla Valley	Exposure Factor Datasets	Riverside	USA	0.3

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Nutritional effects on reproductive performance of captive adult female coyotes (Canis latrans).

Author(s)

Gese, E.M., Roberts, B.M. and Knowlton, F.F.

Volume

165
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Condition	Countries	Error
Clutch or Litter Size	High diet: 6.0, low diet: 4.8	Pups	F	Adult	11	National Wildlife Research Center	Exposure Factor Datasets	Breeding	USA	High diet: 0.5, low diet: 0.26

Citation:

Comparison of coyote (Canis latrans) diets in continuous and fragmented short-grass prairie in the Texas Panhandle.

Author(s)

Kamler, J.F., Klare, U., Ballard, W.B., Wallace, M.C. and Gipson, P.S.

Issue

2

Volume

66
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Insect: 25.6, reptile: 1.5, bird: 3.0, small rodent: 27.0, large rodent: 27.9, leporidae: 12.2, cattle: 24.1, pronghorn: 1.4, unknown mammal: 0.2, crops: 12.3, other seeds: 5.0, other vegetation: 22.9	Frequency of occurrence, seasonal mean	%	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	280	Dallam County: continuous short-grass prairie	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Dietary Composition	Insect: 17.0, reptile: 0, bird: 6.7, small rodent: 37.3, large rodent: 30.3, leporidae: 18.2, cattle: 9.7, pronghorn: 1.7, crops: 16.6, other seeds: 2.2, other vegetation: 15.8	Frequency of occurrence, seasonal mean	%	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	186	Stratford: fragmented short-grass prairie	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Coyote (Canis latrans) diet in an urban environment: variation relative to pet conflicts, housing density, and season.

Author(s)

Poessel, S.A., Mock, E.C. and Breck, S.W.

Issue

4

Volume

95
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Rodents: 64, lagomorphs: 61, deer: 35, carnivores: 56, pets: 41, soricomorphs: 10, unknown: 14, native seeds: 27, non-native seeds: 35, unknown seeds: 19, trash: 27	Frequency by group	NR	Both Adults and Juveniles	64	Denver metro area	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Reproduction and body condition of California coyotes (Canis latrans).

Author(s)

Sacks, B.N.

Issue

5

Volume

86
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Clutch or Litter Size	6.6		pups	B	Pup	55	Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	2.2
Body Weight - Mean	See citation Figure 4	Body mass by reproductive period	kg	F	Adult	Not reported	Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Body Fat (total or %)	See citation Figure 4	Visceral fat index		F	Adult	Not reported	Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Body Weight - Mean	10.1	First year non-reproductive	kg	M	Juvenile	Not reported	Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.4
Body Weight - Mean	11.5	First year reproductive	kg	M	Juvenile	Not reported	Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.2
Body Weight - Mean	12.5	Adult reproductive	kg	M	Juvenile	Not reported	Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.3

Citation:

Canis latrans (Coyote) habitat use and feeding habits in central West Virginia.

Author(s)

Crimmins, S.M., Edwards, J.W. and Houben, J.M.

Issue

3

Volume

19
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation Figure 3 for values: Deer, rodent, lagmorph, avian, herptofauna, unknown mammal, plant	128	MeadWestvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Seed caching by heteromyid rodents from two communities: implications for coexistence.

Author(s)

Price, M.V., Waser, N.M. and McDonald, S.

Issue

1

Volume

81
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Body Weight - Mean	8.6	g	NR	Not Reported	2	East Mojavae National Preserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	San Bernardino	USA	0.035

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Individual and population-level variability in diets of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus).

Author(s)

Johnston, D.S. and Fenton, M.B.

Issue

2

Volume

82
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Dietary Composition	Acrididae: 16.1, Ceuthophilus californianus: 4.7, Gryllidae: 8.3, Stenopelmatus fuscus: 27.3, Microcentrum rhombifolium: 0.6, Diptera: 0.2, Lepidoptera: 5.8, Carabidae: 8.4, Prionus californicus: 1.0, Chilopoda: 11.8, Solpugidae: 7.8, Lycosidae: 7.8	Percentage of total volume	%	M	Adult	116		Exposure Factor Datasets	Marin	USA
Dietary Composition	Tytthotyle maculata: 9.9, Grylliacrididae: 1.0, Gryllus: 4.0, Diptera: 0.3, Lepidoptera: 5.7, Coleoptera: 2.3, Cyclocephla longula: 24.4, Tenebrionidae: 3.6, Edrotes ventricosus: 0.6, Hippomelas: 21.0, Tiphiidae: 1.5, Pentatomidae: 4.3, Geocoris: 0.1, Myrmeleontidae: 4.9, Solpugidae: 14.1	Percentage of total volume	%	M	Adult	29		Exposure Factor Datasets	Kern	USA

Citation:

Foods of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), in the Chihuahuan desert of western Texas.

Author(s)

Lenhart, P.A., Mata-Silva, V. and Johnson, J.D.

Issue

1

Volume

55
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	Insecta: 81.3, arachnida: 17.2, reptilia: 0.9	%	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	Not reported	University of Texas at El Paso Indio Mountains Research Station	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

Salt marsh harvest mouse demography and habitat use in the Suisun Marsh, California.

Author(s)

Sustaita, D., Quickert, P.F., Patterson, L., Barthman‐Thompson, L. and Estrella, S.

Issue

6

Volume

75
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries	Error
Population Density	Diked: 32.3, tidal: 18.9, mixed vegetation: 43.5, pickleweed: 27.2, upland grass: 6.1	mice/ha	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	72	Suisun Marsh	Exposure Factor Datasets	Solano	USA	Diked: 3.4, tidal: 2.5, mixed vegetation: 4.5, pickleweed: 2.5, upland grass: 1.5

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Population characteristics, survival rates, and causes of mortality of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) on the southern High Plains, Texas.

Author(s)

Hansen, L.A., Mathews, N.E., Vander Lee, B.A. and Lutz, R.S.

Issue

1

Volume

49
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Population Density	Claytonville: 0.27, Halfway: 0.71, Olton: 0.63, Plainview: 0.10	Individuals/12.8 sq km	Individuals/12.8 sq km	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	104	Lamb/Hale/Swisher counties	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Population Density	Claytonville: 0.36, Halfway: 0.59, Olton: 0.38, Plainview: 0.20	Individuals/12.8 sq km	Individuals/12.8 sq km	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	104	Lamb/Hale/Swisher counties	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Survival/ Mortality	1994: 0.40, 1995: 0.48	Annual survival	%	B	Both Adults and Juveniles	104	Lamb/Hale/Swisher counties	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Food habits of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher during the nesting season.

Author(s)

Drost, C.A., Paxton, E.H., Sogge, M.K. and Whitfield, M.J.

Volume

26
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Dietary Composition	Diptera: 74.6, Hemiptera: 64.4, Coleoptera: 52.5, Oldonata: 40.7, Hymenoptera/flying: 35.6, Cicadellidae: 35.6, Araneae: 30.5, plant: 13.6, Leipidoptera larva: 11.9, unidentified insect: 10.2, Homoptera/other: 8.5, Lepidoptera adult: 6.8, Isoptera: 6.8, Formicidae: 3.4	Diet based on fecal samples	Percent occurrence in samples	NR	Not Reported	59	Kern River Preserve	Exposure Factor Datasets	Kern	USA

Citation:

Age, habitat, and yearly variation in the diet of a generalist insectivore, the southwestern willow flycatcher.

Author(s)

Durst, S.L., Theimer, T.C., Paxton, E.H. and Sogge, M.K.

Issue

3

Volume

110
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Dietary Composition	See citation Figures 1 & 3	Diet based on fecal samples	Frequency detected	Adult	100	Roosevelt Lake	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Dietary Composition	See citation Figure 1 & 4	Diet based on fecal samples	Frequency detected	Nestling	98	Roosevelt Lake	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher populations in California: distribution, abundance, and potential for conservation.

Author(s)

Kus, B.E., Beck, P.P. and Wells, J.M.

Volume

26
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Population Density	Review	Pairs/site	B	Adult		Exposure Factor Datasets	Kern	USA
Hatching Success	Review	Nest success	B	Embryo		Exposure Factor Datasets	Kern	USA

Citation:

Survivorship across the annual cycle of a migratory passerine, the willow flycatcher.

Author(s)

Paxton, E.H., Durst, S.L., Sogge, M.K., Koronkiewicz, T.J. and Paxton, K.L.

Volume

48
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Location	Type	Countries
Survival/ Mortality	Breeding grounds: 66 [64-69 (95%CI)], Wintering grounds: 65 [51-79 (95% CI)]	Seasonal estimate	%	Breeding: Roosevelt Lake & San Pedro/Gila River confluence; wintering: Chomes site: 10⁰05'N, 85⁰05'W, Bolson site: 10⁰20'N, 85⁰25'W	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA
Survival/ Mortality	Breeding grounds: 97 [96-97 (95%CI)], Wintering grounds: 96 [96-97 (95% CI)]	Monthly estimate	%	Breeding: Roosevelt Lake & San Pedro/Gila River confluence; wintering: Chomes site: 10⁰05'N, 85⁰05'W, Bolson site: 10⁰20'N, 85⁰25'W	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Differentiating Sex and Species of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) and Their Eggs Using External Morphometrics and Discriminant Function Analysis.

Author(s)

Hartman, C.A., Ackerman, J.T., Eagles-Smith, C.A. and Herzog, M.P.

Issue

1

Volume

39
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Body Weight - Mean	1309	g	M	Adult	189		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	162
Body Weight - Mean	1058	g	F	Adult	194		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	129

Citation:

Brood Size and Nesting Phenology in Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebe (Aechmophorus clarkii) in Northern California.

Author(s)

Robison, K.M., Anderson, D.W. and Robison, R.E.

Issue

38

Volume

1
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	California Counties	Countries
Clutch or Litter Size	See citation Table 1	Brood size as % of n	Embryo	See citation	Clear Lake	Exposure Factor Datasets	Lake	USA
Clutch or Litter Size	See citation Table 2	Brood size as % of n	Embryo	See citation	Eagle Lake	Exposure Factor Datasets	Lassen	USA

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Habitat preference and survival for western meadowlark (Sturnella Neglecta) fledglings in a contiguous prairie system.

Author(s)

Giovanni, M.D., Powell, L.A. and Schacht, W.H.

Issue

2

Volume

127
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries
Survival/ Mortality	0.981	Daily survival	Adult	46	Nebraska Sandhills grasslands	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA

Citation:

Reproductive biology of a grassland songbird community in northcentral Montana.

Author(s)

Jones, S.L., Dieni, J.S. and Gouse, P.J.

Issue

3

Volume

122
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Population Density	2.6	Mean nests/40 ha	92	Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge	Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	0.46

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Olfactory bulb uptake and determination of biotransfer factors in the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) exposed to manganese and cadmium in environmental habitats.

Author(s)

Bench, G., Carlsen, T.M., Grant, P.G., Wollett, J.S., Martinelli, R.E., Lewis, J.L. and Divine, K.K

Issue

2

Volume

35
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Endpoint Description	Units	Sex	Life Cycle Stage	Sample Size	Location	Type	Age-Specific	California Counties	Countries
Inhalation Rate	0.4	Air intake	m3/d	M	Yearling	7	Altamont Hills	Exposure Factor Datasets	9 m	San Joaquin	USA

Citation:

Size increase in high elevation ground squirrels over the last century.

Author(s)

Eastman, L.M., Morelli, T.L., Rowe, K.C., Conroy, C.J. and Moritz, C.

Issue

5

Volume

18
Exposure Endpoint Type	Endpoint Value	Sample Size	Location	Type	Countries	Error
Body Weight - Mean	Historical: 551.97, modern: 527.09	Historical: 117, modern: 55		Exposure Factor Datasets	USA	Historical: 124.77, modern: 126.93

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