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Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Dietary toxicity tests with mallards, simulating residue decline of chlorpyrifos and avoidance of treated food

Author(s)
Kenaga, E.E., R.J. Fink and J.B. Beavers
Pages
36-44
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased @ all doses food consumption compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased @ all doses body weight compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
CHLORPYRIFOS 644 ppm (declining to 141 ppm over 11 d) 5 day dietary LC50, when 5 day residue half life was simulated Not Reported Juvenile 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased @ all doses food consumption compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased @ all doses body weight compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of asulam in wildlife species: Acute toxicity to birds and fish

Author(s)
Ingham, Brian and Michael A. Gallo
Pages
194-199
Year
Issue
2
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ASULAM 10% @ 4000 mg/kg percent mortality after 21 days Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
ASULAM decreased @ all doses food consumption compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
ASULAM decreased @ all doses body weight gain by day 8 compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) decreased @ all doses food consumption compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) decreased @ all doses body weight gain by 8 days compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) 1550 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of exposure to carbofuran-sprayed vegetation on the behavior, cholinesterase activity and growth of mallard ducklings (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Martin, Pamela A., Keith R. Solomon, Douglas J. Forsyth, Herman J. Boermans and Neil D. Westcott
Pages
901-909
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CARBOFURAN increased @ 132 and 264 g/ha occurrence of acute poisoning symptoms compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 29-38/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CARBOFURAN increased @ 264 g/ha (150, 300 m exposure distance) latency of approach to stimulus compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CARBOFURAN decreased @ 132 g/ha (150, 300 m exposure distances), 264 g/ha (all exposure distances) brain cholinesterase activities compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CARBOFURAN no effect growth rate to four weeks of age compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of dietary exposure to methyl parathion on egg laying and incubation in mallards

Author(s)
Bennett, Richard S., Bill A. Williams, Dave W. Schmedding, and Jewel K. Bennett
Pages
501-507
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLPARATHION no effect number of eggs per incubated nest and percent fertility of eggs compared with controls Both Male and Female Adult 12 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 mo Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION decreased if treatment initiated during egg laying proportion of hens laying and number of eggs laid per hen compared to controls Female Adult 12 pairs /group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 mo Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION 2/12 when treatment initiated during early incub.; 2/11 when treatment initiated during late incub. incidence of adult mortality during incubation compared with controls Female Adult 12 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 mo Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION increased when treatment initiated during early or late incub. incidence of nest abandonment compared with controls Female Adult 12 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 mo Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION no effect number of hatchlings per nest, percent hatchability, hatchling survival and body weight to 5 days compared with controls Not Reported Hatchling 12 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 mo Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION decreased when treatment initiated during laying, early or late incub. food consumption compared with controls Female Adult 12 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of malathion, diazinon, and parathion on mallard embryo development and cholinesterase activity

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
472-485
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PARATHION decreased @ 0.75, 7.5 (aqueous) or 0.8 (oil) lb/acre embryo weight by day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
MALATHION increased @ 125 lb/acre cumulative mortality by day 18 compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
MALATHION 118 (day 3), 101 (day 8) lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
PARATHION 41(day 3), 39 (day 8) lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
DIAZINON 74 (day 3), 79 (day 8) lb/acre LC50 LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
PARATHION decreased @ 7.5 lb/acre (aqueous); 0.08, 0.8 lb/acre (oil) crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
MALATHION decreased @ 125 lb/acre crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 8 of incubation Laboratory
DIAZINON decreased @ 2.0 lb/acre crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 8 of incubation Laboratory
MALATHION 49.5 lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
DIAZINON 9.7 (day 3), 11.1 (day 8) lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
PARATHION 2.2 (day 3), 1.5 (day 8) lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
DIAZINON decreased @ 15 (aqueous), 2.0 (oil) lb/acre embryo weight by day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
MALATHION decreased @ 125 (aqueous), 14.0 (oil) lb/acre embryo weight by day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
DIAZINON, MALATHION, PARATHION decreased @ all doses brain or plasma cholinesterase activity in embryos or hatchlings compared to controls Not Reported Embryo, Hatchling 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 of incubation Laboratory
Citation:

Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James and Steven P. Bradbury
Pages
885-897
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ACEPHATE 51.7% (4.82 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
DICROTOPHOS 42.8% (5.4 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
FENSULFOTHION 48.9% (7.6 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
FONOFOS 67.1% (4.9 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
MALATHION 67% (11.6 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
PARATHION 74.6% (12.4 SE) brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
PARATHION 4/36 mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
MALATHION 7/36 mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
ACEPHATE 11/36 mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds in the wild mallard duckling: Effect of leptophos

Author(s)
Herin, R.A., A.A. Komeil, Doyle G. Graham, A. Curley and M.B. Abou-Donia
Pages
233-240
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 260 ppm body weight growth compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS 5/5 @ 260 ppm incidence of ataxia Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS 4/5 @ 260 ppm incidence of CNS lesions Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Evaluation of potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of 42 herbicides, insecticides, and petroleum contaminants to mallard eggs

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Peter H. Albers
Pages
15-27
Year
Volume
13
Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
see citation tables LD50s for 42 compounds in aqueous and oil vehicles Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets incubation day 3-8 Laboratory
see citation tables incidence of reduced growth and abnormal survivors for 42 compounds Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets incubation day 3-8 Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity in mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Louis Sileo and Helen C. Murray
Pages
128-136
Year
Volume
75
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EPN decreased @ 90, 270 ppm food consumption and body weight compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
EPN increased @ all doses incidence of hyperactivity, ataxia, and/or paralysis compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
EPN increased @ 30, 90, 270 ppm incidence of CNS lesions (demyelination, axonal degeneration in spinal cord) compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
EPN decreased @ all doses activity of brain and plasma cholinesterase, and brain neurotoxic esterase compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
EPN decreased @ 90, 270 pmm plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 270, 540 ppm body weight compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS increased @ all doses incidence of CNS lesions (demyelination, axonal degeneration in spinal cord) compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 270 ppm brain weight compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ all doses activity of brain and plasma cholinesterase, and brain neurotoxic esterase compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 60, 270 ppm plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls Female Juvenile 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 20 wks Laboratory
Citation:

Some evidence for an effect of ingested petroleum on the fertility of the mallard drake (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Holmes, W.N. and K.P. Cavanaugh
Pages
898-901
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease % fertile eggs and # of ducklings; when male, female or both male and female exposed to oil, compared to control Female Adult 3 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 5.5 mo at initiation Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of plumage contamination with crude oil dispersant mixtures on thermoregulation in common eiders and mallards

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro and Morten Ekker
Pages
398-403
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS increase metabolic heat production (watts/kg), compared to pre-contamination levels Not Reported Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of ingested crude oil on thryoid hormones and on the mixed function oxidase system in ducks

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro, Morten Ekker and Kolbjorn Zahlsen
Pages
213-216
Year
Volume
95
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS 53% increase plasma triiodothryonine concentration Not Reported Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CRUDE OILS 56% increase hepatic cytochrome P450 content Not Reported Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CRUDE OILS no effect body weight Not Reported Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of an environmental contaminant, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, on the blood pressure of the mallard

Author(s)
Jones, Ross E., Kathy S. Howell and Robert K. Ringer
Pages
314-320
Year
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE decrease mean blood pressure, compared to baseline prior to exposure Both Male and Female Adult 12 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The effects of DDT, DDE and their sulfonated derivatives on eggshell formation in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J.
Pages
697-701
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see citation figure of eggshell thickness over 30 d period (significant differences noted at various times) Female Adult 20/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Histopathologic alterations in shell gland accompanying DDT-induced thinning of eggshell

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
225-231
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) 13.8% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to controls Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDT-induced reduction in eggshell thickness, weight and calcium is accompanied by calcium ATPase inhibition

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
309-318
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell weight and thickness, total eggshell calcium and shell gland epithelial microsomal Ca-ATPase activity, compared to controls Female Adult 5 hens/dose; 19 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Tissue residues of lindane in domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) following its repeated oral administration

Author(s)
Mandal, Aditya, Jagadbandhu Chakrabarti and Pulak Lahiri
Pages
56-57
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
LINDANE serum (0.13); fat (0.20); muscle (0.70); kidney (0.02); liver (0.02); brain (0.01) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 2x/wk mean lindane residue levels Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets laying Laboratory
LINDANE serum (0.20); fat (0.68); muscle (0.30); kidney (0.23); liver (0.14); brain (0.11) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 3x/wk mean lindane residue levels Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets laying Laboratory
LINDANE serum (0.50); fat (1.14); muscle (0.82); kidney (0.28); liver (0.21); brain (0.13) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 7x/wk mean lindane residue levels Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets laying Laboratory
Citation:

Some effects of DDE and PCB on mallards and their eggs

Author(s)
Risebrough, Robert W. and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
508-513
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) no effect food consumption rate (174 g/d) compared to control (173 g/d) Female Adult 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 no effect food consumption rate (184 g/d) compared to control (173 g/d) Female Adult 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) no effect food consumption rate (181 g/d) compared to control (173 g/d) Female Adult 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254 no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult 10 hens/dose; 8-9 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 17% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 10 hens /dose; 8 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) 19% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 10 hens/dose; 8 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) see citation figure of # eggs/female/wk over time Female Adult 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 373 (95% CL; 152-574) ppm lipid basis @ 40 ppm diet DDE residue concentrations in eggs Female Adult 12 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) 344 (95% CL; 156-686) ppm DDE lipid basis and 346 (95%CL; 133-686) ppm PCB lipid basis @ 40 ppm DDE + 40 ppm PCB diet mean DDE and PCB residue levels in eggs Female Adult 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary vanadium in mallard ducks

Author(s)
White, Donald H. and Michael P. Dieter
Pages
43-50
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
VANADYL SULFATE no effect body weight and food consumption compared among groups Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
VANADYL SULFATE increased @ 100 ppm (maximum = 106 +/- 19 ppb, wet wt) vanadium concentration in blood (sampled at 3 wk intervals) Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
VANADYL SULFATE brain, 9(1); fat, 20(11); kidney, 273(49); liver, 657(113), male femur 274(47); female femur 3327(2208) ppm, wet wt mean (SE) vanadium concentrations @ 100 ppm dose in brain, fat, kidney, liver, and femur Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
VANADYL SULFATE <0.02 ppb, wet wt @ 1, 10 ppm; 63 ppb, wet wt @ 100 ppm vanadium concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
VANADYL SULFATE increased @ 100 ppm plasma cholesterol levels in drakes and laying hens Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on bird's eggs

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., William C. Eastin, Jr. and Martha L. Gay
Pages
230-241
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase @ 2-15 ul/egg percent mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 100 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets days 2-18 of incubation Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase @ 2-15 ul/egg incidence of survivors with abnormalities versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 100 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets days 2-18 of incubation Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 15 ul/egg red blood cell and liver ALAD activity and hemoglobin concentration, compared to controls Both Male and Female Embryo 100 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets days 2-16 of incubation Laboratory
Citation:

South Louisiana crude oil or DDE in the diet of mallard hens: effects on egg quality

Author(s)
Vangilder, Larry D. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
328-336
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease egg weight, length and breadth, compared to control Female Adult 25/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) no effect egg weight, length or breadth, compared to control Female Adult 21-25/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic ingestion of south Louisiana crude oil on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Szaro, Robert C., Michael P. Dieter, Gary H. Heinz and John F. Ferrell
Pages
426-436
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 5% growth rate, estimated as change in body weight, compared to control Both Male and Female Juvenile 50/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 0.25 - 5% distance retreated from a frightening stimulus; impaired avoidance behavior Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-6 d post-hatch Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase @ 2.5 - 5% incidence of liver hypertrophy and splenic atropy Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 2.5 - 5% hematocrit, compared to control Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase @ 0.25 - 5.0% plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, from liver Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase @ 0.025 - 5% pathological release of ornithine carbamyltransferase from kidney Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase @ 5% incidence of degeneration of kidney tubules Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative toxicity of lead shot in black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Rattner, Barnett A., W. James Fleming and Christine M. Bunck
Pages
175-183
Year
Issue
2
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decreased body weight and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity versus controls Male Adult 20/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentrations versus controls Male Adult 20/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) no effect body weight and hematocrit versus controls Male Juvenile 20/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
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