Birds
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased @ 20 ppm | serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity by 8 wks of treatment compared to controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 12 birds per timexdose treatment | day old | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
CADMIUM CHLORIDE | 0.10 (@ 0 ppm), 10.13 (@ 5 ppm), 16.25 (@ 10 ppm), 42.21 (@ 20 ppm) ppm, wet wt | mean Cd concentrations in liver by 12 wks of treatment | Not Reported | Juvenile | 12 birds per timexdose treatment | day old | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 1000 ppm B | hematocrits and hemoglobin concentrations versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | day old | Laboratory | |
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 15 ppm Se (with or w/out B), and 1000 ppm B | hematocrits and hemoglobin concentrations versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | day old | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EPN | decreased @ 12, 36 ug/g | brain weight, protein content, acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase versus controls | Not Reported | Hatchling | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory | |
EPN | decreased @ 12 ug/g (48%), 36 ug/g (29%), 108 ug/g (0%) | % surviving to hatch versus controls | Not Reported | Hatchling | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SELENOMETHIONINE | no effect | % survival versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-day old | Laboratory | |
SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 15 ppm, 60 ppm (adequate protein, no methionine added) | incidence of histopathological changes in livers versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-day old | Laboratory | |
SELENOMETHIONINE | 11.6 (@15 ppm diet), 48.6 (@ 60 ppm diet) ppm, wet wt | geometric mean Se concentration in liver (adequate protein in diet) | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-day old | Laboratory | |
SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 60 ppm (regardless of methionine suppl. or protein levels) | body, liver and spleen weights, and tarsus length versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-day old | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | body weight or plasma electrolyte levels | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 4 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3-5 mo | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 0.5, 1, 3% | plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control | Male | Juvenile | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 wks | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 0.5% | plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control | Male | Juvenile | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 wks | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BORIC ACID | Liver; 3 ug/g @ 30 ppm, 17 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 51 ug/g @ 1000 ppm: Brain; 4 ug/g @ 30 ppm, 19 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 66 ug/g @ 1000 ppm | boron concentrations in ducklings 21 d of age (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight). Concentrations at other doses were not detected. | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10-13/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FUEL OILS | decrease @ 5, 10, 20, 50 ul | 30-d % hatching success | Not Reported | Embryo | 50/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 8d of incubation | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE | increase @ 5 ppm | cephalic tumor incidence | Not Reported | Juvenile | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3-4 d | Laboratory | |
TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE | no effect | % mortality, compared to controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3-4 d | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | positive correlation | relationships between EROD activity and dieldrin concentrations | Female | Adult | 5 birds/timepoint (timepoints = 0,10,20,32,42,52,59,70,80,90,100 days) | Bloomington | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | positive correlation | relationship between BROD, PROD, and EROD activities and total PCB, oxychlordane, and TEQs concentrations | Female | Adult | 5 birds/timepoint (timepoints = 0,10,20,32,42,52,59,70,80,90,100 days) | Bloomington | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE | no effect | incidence of signs of toxicity and body weight versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 22 weeks | Laboratory | |
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE | no effect | feed consumption versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 22 weeks | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALUMINUM SULFATE, SULFURIC ACID | reduced @ 0.5% Al or 0.277 mol sulfate/kg | growth of tibia versus ad libidum controls | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 8 birds/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 d | Laboratory | |
ALUMINUM SULFATE, SULFURIC ACID | reduced @ 0.5% Al | tibial dry weight, and ash and calcium content versus ad libidum controls | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 8 birds/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 d | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | 4.6 (0.18) ppm B @ 450 ppm B; 8.5 (0.34) ppm B @ 900 ppm B; 3.7 (0.16) ppm Se @ 3.5 ppm Se; 6.2 (0.27) ppm Se @ 7 ppm | mean (SE) wet wt concentrations of B and Se in liver | Both Male and Female | Adult | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | 6.5 (0.25) ppm B @ 450 ppm B; 11 (0.4) ppm B @ 900 ppm B; 3.5 (0.10) ppm Se @ 3.5 ppm Se; 7.1 (0.28) ppm Se @ 7 ppm | mean (SE) wet wt concentrations of B and Se in egg | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD COMPOUNDS | reduced @ 869 ug/g, corn diet | body weight compared to corn diet controls | Male | Adult | 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 7 mo | Laboratory | |
LEAD COMPOUNDS | reduced @ 869 ug/g, corn diet | hemoglobin concentration versus corn diet controls | Male | Adult | 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 7 mo | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS | increased for lead shot, steel and tungsten-iron groups | iron concentrations in femur and liver versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mo | Laboratory | |
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS | increased for lead, steel shot | renal concentrations of iron versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mo | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se | plasma phosphorus concentrations versus controls | Male | Adult | 12/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory | |
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 10 ppm Hg | glutathione peroxidase activity (plasma and liver) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (liver and brain) versus controls | Male | Adult | 12/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | decreased with Pb | liver weight versus controls (females only) | Female | Adult | 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory | |
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | no effect with Fe or Bi | onset of lay and time to lay 21 eggs versus controls | Female | Adult | 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CYANOFENPHOS | increased @ 2.0, or 4.0 mg cyanofen/kg/d, 10 mg leptophos/kg/d. | incidence of histological lesions in axons and myelin sheaths | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10 | laboratory | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 week | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALDICARB | 1.92 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 36 hours | Laboratory | |
ALDICARB | 3.60 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 days | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIELDRIN | decreased @ all doses | % drake encounter scores | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | 30 per group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased @ 10, 50 ug/g diet | kidney Zn concentration versus controls | Male | Adult | 8 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 32 weeks | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD ACETATE | increased | liver and kidney Pb concentrations versus controls | Male | Adult | 30 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIELDRIN | no effect | fertility, hatchability and duckling weight | Female | Adult | 18/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE | increase @ 15, 30 ppm | plasma and liver GSH-peroxidase activity (for all Se forms), compared to controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AROCLOR 1242 | 8.9% decrease @ 150 ppm | eggshell thickness, compared to control | Female | Adult | 12 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DICOFOL | no effect | body weight at end of study | Female | Adult | 4-8/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LINDANE | no effect | body weight at end of study | Female | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDE (4,4'-) | increase @ 3 ppm | responsiveness of offspring to maternal call; % that approached call and % that spent 100% of time near call after initial approach | Female | Adult | 4 adults/dose; 148-156 offspring/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 10 mo | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CHLORPYRIFOS | decreased | brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 24 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 and 11 months old | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DICROTOPHOS | 63% | maximal brain acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition compared to control (4 hrs post-dose) | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 day old | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CARBOFURAN | increased @ 132 and 264 g/ha | occurrence of acute poisoning symptoms compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 29-38/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MALATHION | decreased @ 125 lb/acre | crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Day 8 of incubation | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACEPHATE | 11/36 | mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose | Not Reported | Juvenile | 36/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | decrease | % fertile eggs and # of ducklings; when male, female or both male and female exposed to oil, compared to control | Female | Adult | 3 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 5.5 mo at initiation | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDE (4,4'-) | 17% decrease | eggshell thickness, compared to control | Female | Adult | 10 hens /dose; 8 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 0.25 - 5% | distance retreated from a frightening stimulus; impaired avoidance behavior | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 0-6 d post-hatch | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) | increased with all treatments | incidence of hemosiderosis in liver vs controls | Female | Adult | 8/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD (elemental) | lead only: 1.15 (+/- 0.29); lead-iron: 0.32 (+/- 0.05) ppm, wet wt | lead concentration in liver (mean +/- SE) | Female | Adult | control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD NITRATE | increased @ 5 ppm diet (66 +/-13 ppm blood) and @ 25 ppm diet (154 +/-28 ppm blood) | lead concentration in blood after 12 weeks exposure (mean +/- SE) versus controls | Male | Adult | 20/dose; 5/dose x time group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD COMPOUNDS | 3.7 (carcass); 2.5 (egg); 2.5 (eggshells); 9.6 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead; 3.4 (carcass); 0.88 (egg); 2.8 (eggshells); 35.0 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead + DDE |
lead residues in whole carcass, egg contents, eggshells, and bone | Female | Adult | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 60 ppm Se | incidence of ducklings with histopathological lesions versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALUMINUM SULFATE | see table | Ca, Al, P concentrations in femur for different treatments after 2 and 10 wks of treatment | Not Reported | Juvenile | 12-14/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NICKEL SULFATE | decreased @ all doses (by 60 d of age) | weight:length of humerus | Female | Juvenile | 36 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE | increased @ 0.5, 3 ppm | changes in avoidance behavior (frightening stimulus) | Not Reported | Juvenile | 319 (control); 339 (0.5 ppm); 158 (3 ppm) | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-met or yeast, or 15 ppm as wheat | food consumption compared to controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 day | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 40 ppm (25%) | mortality compared to controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 40 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | day old | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD (elemental) | ppm wet wt: 1.40 (0.7), blood; 6.40 (4.92), liver; 38.64 (19.18), femur @ 2 #four shot | mean (2SE) lead concentrations in liver, femur and blood | Male | Adult | 31 birds | Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Sacramento |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDE (4,4'-) | 1.23 +/- 0.12 ug/g wet weight | mean +/- SE p,p'-DDE concentration in shell gland mucosa | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | no effect | % mortality, compared to controls | Male | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 1, 5, 10 ul | 18-d % survival, mean embryonic weight, crown-rump length (5ul) and bill length | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 50/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1d of development | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased | incidence of delayed hypersensitivity reactions to antigen versus controls | Male | Adult | Controls = 24 Treated = 8 |
Laboratory | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDT (4,4'-) | decreased | eggshell thickness versus controls | Female | Adult | 5 hens; 19 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CARBARYL | increased at 0.56 kg/ha (2, 8-9 d. post-spray) | whole carcass concentration of carbaryl | Not Reported | Not Reported | 8-9 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | |
CARBARYL | no effect | whole carcass lipid content | Not Reported | Not Reported | 6-13 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MERCURY COMPOUNDS | review | concentrations in brain and liver associated with mortality (various avian species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
MERCURY COMPOUNDS | review | concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various avian species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 0.12 (0-2.59; PCBs); 0.06 (0-2.70; DDE); ND (0-0.06; dieldrin) | geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of nestlings | Not Reported | Juvenile | 79 nestlings | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | males: 0.15 (0-3.27; PCBs); 0.31 (0.05-1.95; DDE); 0.03 (0-0.30; dieldrin) females: 0.87 (0-6.82; PCBs); 0.63 (0-4.23; DDE); 0.04 (0-0.37; dieldrin) |
geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of adult birds | Both Male and Female | Adult | 26 males, 34 females | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDE (4,4'-) | 21:0.09 | ratio of average concentration of DDE in eggs to average concentration of DDE in prey items | Female | Adult | 12 prey species, pooled samples of 7-10 individuals | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDE (4,4'-) | eggshell thickness index = 1.799 - 0.243(log DDE) | linear regression of eggshell thickness index vs. log DDE concentration in eggs | Female | Adult | 295 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | eggs were addled and/or deserted | UNITED KINGDOM |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD (elemental) | increase at 125, 625 mg/kg bw 7.2, 15.5 ppm at 125, 625 mg/kg bw, respectively |
kidney lead concentrations | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD (elemental) | no effect | lead concentration in eggshell | Female | Adult | 16 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD (elemental) | 28.70 (2.6 SE) ppm at 49 mg/d | mean lead concentration (wet wt) in bone | Female | Adult | 3/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CARBOFURAN | 83% (4.3 SD) | mean brain cholinesterase depression (relative to control) in birds that died in 8 hrs post-dose | Both Male and Female | Adult | 12 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) | 6.42 ppm | mean DDT concentration in eggs 0-0.8 mi from sprayed area | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 21 eggs | La Grande-Enterprise (OR), Potlatch (ID) | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIREX | 40.3% decrease @ 8 ppm | sperm concentration | Male | Adult | 5-10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | no effect | various hematological measurements (packed cell volume, erythrocyte counts, plasma uric acid, plasma alanine aminotransferase) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 16/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CARBOFURAN | increased at 63.4, 126.8, 253.6 ppm | mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) | no effect | hematocrit and hemoglobin values versus controls | Not Reported | Nestling | 9-11/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Day 1-Day 10 | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AROCLOR 1254 | decreased after 4 weeks | liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity versus controls | Female | Adult | 4/treatment group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD (elemental) | decrease at 10, 50 ppm | mean blood delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MEXACARBATE | 2.83 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 8 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 mo | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD (elemental) | decreased | hatchability | Not Reported | Hatchling | 25 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEAD (elemental) | increased at all doses | lead concentrations in blood | Both Male and Female | Adult | 10 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AMINOPYRIDINE (4-) | 316 ppm | dietary LC50 | Not Reported | Adult | 6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HEPTACHLOR | no effect | mean clutch size | Female | Adult | 6 nests | Columbia Basin | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TERBUFOS | no effect | occurence of pesticide metabolites in fecal-urate samples | Not Reported | Not Reported | 29 owls | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIELDRIN | 0.01 +/- 0.003 ppm (uncontaminated site); 0.22 +/- 0.03 ppm (contaminated site) | mean (+/- SE) concentrations in plasma | Not Reported | Juvenile | 6 birds on contaminated sites; 10 birds on uncontaminated sites | Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDE (4,4'-) | 3.09 (0.09 SE) ppm, wet wt | concentration in eggs | Not Reported | Embryo | 20 clutches, 104 eggs | southern IL | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | increased at 1606 ng/kg | hepatic EROD activity | Not Reported | Hatchling | 5-12 eggs/dose | Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | positive correlation | correlation of embryo mortality with TCDD equivalents in eggs | Not Reported | Embryo | 11 colonies @ 25-50 nests/colony | Great Lakes | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS | increased | P-450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism by liver microsomes | Not Reported | Embryo | 3 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 day | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) | decreased @ 349 ug/kg egg | spleen weights in treated embryos versus controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 83-86 eggs/treatment | Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |