Both Male and Female
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water Ingestion Rate | 62 | Sea water ingestion rate | mL / kg-d | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 27 SE | Laboratory |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 9.91 | g | Both Male and Female | Weanling | 151 | adults captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.10 SE | Laboratory | |
Growth Rate | 0.34 | g/d | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 33 | adults captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0 - 24 d | Laboratory |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | 0.592 | calculated for free-living animals | kcal/g/d | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 0.790 | calculated for free-living animals | kcal/g/d | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | 2.70 | Mean measured as CO2 production at 24C, converted to O2 consumption by 0.8 R.Q. | ml 02/g/hr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Resting | 0.07 SE | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | range of means for 4 trapping periods | #/acre | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 4 trapping periods | Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties | Condition | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Sexual Maturity | 17 | years | Both Male and Female | Adult | 23 | Blue Lake, 75 long., 95 lat. |
Exposure Factor Datasets | 2 years | Alpine | 0 | Laboratory | |
Dietary Composition | food | Both Male and Female | Adult | 23 | Blue Lake, 75 long., 95 lat. |
Exposure Factor Datasets | 2 years | Alpine | breeding |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Mar. - Oct. | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Cascade Mountains, Fish Lake [lat., 47^o,49'N; long., 120^o, 40'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 60-120 long by 5.5 wide | linear-shaped home ranges conforming to ecotone along lake | m | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 14 | Frederick Lake, near Calgary, Alberta [lat., 51^o06'N; long., 114^o44'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | ARTHROPODS (81% total) - Lepidoptera larvae (91); Coleoptera (6); June beetles (0); Jerusalum crickets (1); Ants (1); Orthoptera (0); Spiders (1); Lygaeid bugs (0); Scorpions (0); Solfugids (0); Diptera (1);GREEN VEGETATION (19% total); SEEDS (0% total). | % weight of prey in fecal pellets | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 40 | Mono Lake (elev., 2000m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mono |
Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Newly metamorphosed and larval Rana (87%), Aquatic snails (5%), Adult and larval aquatic Coleoptera (3%), Adult and larval Odonata (3%), Other (2%) | Total percent volume of stomach contents, frog snout-vent length range = 90 - 190 mm | Both Male and Female | Adult | 138 | Wall Lake, southeast Catron County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longevity | Maximum estimated age | yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 567 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |||
Growth Rate | 0.0653 | mm/d | Both Male and Female | 16 | Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0 yr | CANADA | 0.01465 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 90.9 | #/m2 | Both Male and Female | Tadpole | 20 quadrats | Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | "overwintered" tadpoles | Mendocino | 97.7 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inhalation Rate | see citation | figure of breathing frequency (breaths/min) at various seasons, temperatures and oxygen levels | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Insecta (51.8%); Arachnida (11.2%); Amphibia (2.8%); Diploda (1.3%); Gastropoda (1.3%); Crustacea (1.4%);Teleosts (1.1%); Mammalia (0.2%); Oligochaeta (1.3%); Reptilia (0.2%); Pebbles and sand (3.4%); Vegetative material (12.5%); Digested material (11.6%) | % occurrence of item; obtained by dividing # of a specific item taken by total # of items; based on stomach contents | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 129 | ponds, Hanover County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hatching Success | 79 | mean hatchability measured over 4 years | % | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 157 boxes | Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Lassen |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hatching Success | 89.3 | % | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 168 | Sagehen Creek Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Nevada, Sierra |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | 28.4 | mean nestling period | d | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 29 chicks | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | combined day and night oxygen consumption over one 24 hr period | ml oxygen/g/hr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 28.4 | mean incubation period in captivity | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 5 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding | Laboratory |
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 389 | mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Imperial and Coachella Valleys | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | 0.0692 | growth rate estimated from logistic growth curve | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | Not Reported | central North Dakota | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.0030 (SE) |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 376.2 | food intake of 8 week old mallards | g/wk | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 15 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 25.6 (SE) | Laboratory |
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 2.5 | young/occupied nest | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Columbia River | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | mean annual productivity | young/breeding adult | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Survival/ Mortality | 70 | % | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 40 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | mammals (85), insects (170), birds (3), spiders (0), reptiles (1) | number of prey items found in sample pellets | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 60 pellets | Crooked River National Grassland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | Review | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | Review | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | see citation | figure of O2 consumption at varying ambient temperatures | ml O2/g/hr | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 bats/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means | mm/yr | Both Male and Female | 25-69 animals/site | Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts | Exposure Factor Datasets | 12-16 yrs |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 2.2 | annual mortality rate for subadults and adults from 1975 and 1982 | %/yr | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Colorado desert, Chemehuevi Wash and Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density | range of 95% confidence intervals | #/km2 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 2 yrs | Colorado desert, Chuckwalla Bench | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | g | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 41 animals | Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Population Density | 0.25 | #/acre | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Not Reported | Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 1820 | mean annual body weight | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 foxes | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Metabolic Rate | 0.0034 | summer basal metabolic rate | watts/g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 12 foxes | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 101 | estimated daily food intake based on a desert kangaroo diet (7.38 kJ/g wet wt) and calculated daily energy requirements (see Golightly, 1981) | g/d | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Sexual Maturity | 22 | mo | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern | |
Time of Mating/ Laying | December | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Jerusalem crickets (27%), unident. birds (2%), rabbits (3%), California ground squirrel (35%), pocket mice (2%), western harvest mice (17%), Peromyscus sp. (13%) | percent volume of total prey items in scat | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 10 scats | Bethany Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda |
Dietary Composition | Jerusalem crickets (1%), unident. reptiles (1%), unident. birds (1%), rabbits (5%), California ground squirrel (62%), pocket mice (5%), western harvest mice (10%), Peromyscus sp. (11%) | percent volume of total prey items in scat | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 10 scats | Bethany Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda |
Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - Apr. | time of breeding and laying | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | White Rock, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | OC = 0.23(BW)^0.67 | equation for relating resting oxygen consumption (OC; ml O2/hr) to body mass (BW; g) @ 25C | ml O2/g/hr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 154 animals | Sierra Nevada (elev., 150 and 1500 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Torpor or Hibernation | Sept. - Apr. | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | yellow pine forest, central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | cunner (59.7%), winter flounder (15.5%), sculpin (2.4%), rock eel (0.3%), American eel (6.6%), pollack (9.8%), mummichog (5.8%) | frequency by weight of fish regurgitated by adult cormorants | Both Male and Female | Adult | 17 samples | Duck Island, Isles of Shoals (43 deg. N, 70 deg. 35' W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Food Ingestion Rate | see figure | estimated average energy intake during the nestling period (to 50 days of age) | kcal/bird/day | Both Male and Female | Nestling | Not Reported | Duck Island, Isles of Shoals (43 deg. N, 70 deg. 35' W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foraging Distance | 15.7 | mean distance travelled from night roost to foraging site | km | Both Male and Female | Adult | 33 birds | Mississippi River Delta | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.0 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Nesting | April-June | period during which nest initiations were observed | Both Male and Female | Adult | 296-424 nests/year | San Francisco Bay estuary | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 26.1 | mg dry mass diet/g/d | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | El Comitan, Baja California Sur | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO | 11.7 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 1300 | average home range, estimated using minimum polygon method (mark and recapture technique) | sq. ft. | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 357 lizards | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Hatching or Parturition | July - Oct. | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | Not Reported | San Gabriel Mountains (elev., 1585-1829m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | range of maximal rates of oxygen consumption measured at 40C, predicted for 50 g animal, at 5 collection dates | ml O2/g/hr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 11-21/date | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 46.0 | g | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 11 | Thousand Palms | Exposure Factor Datasets | 31-32 mo | Riverside | 13.4 SD |
Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | increase in snout-vent length for juvenile to 9 mo period | mm/mo | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 7 | Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern, Kings, Tulare |
Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 1458 | #/ha | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 120 marked animals | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 103 SE |
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 6.0-6.2 | mean number of nestlings raised per nesting pair per season (representing multiple broods per season) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 43 pairs | Gray Lodge State Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Butte |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 28.2% | weighted mean annual mortality of banded doves | Both Male and Female | Adult | 991 birds | near Savage | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | 5.85-5.98 | average number of nest attempts by individual pairs | nests/year | Both Male and Female | Adult | 1108-1443 nests/year | Lewis, Cass County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Nesting | April-October | period from onset of egg laying through fledging | Both Male and Female | Adult | ~81 nests/year | Madelia Research Center, Watonwan County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 0.02 | density of nests | nests/ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 15 plots | Idaho National Engineering Laboratory | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. croceum)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Jan. - Feb. | time of breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Valencia Lagoon, Rio Del Mar | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Cruz |
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Grasses, 20 species (0 - 21.6%); Forbs, 16 species (0 - 12.4%); Shrubs, 1 species (1.1%); Cactus, 1 species (1.9%) | range of % composition of species; estimated as sum of all fragments per food species from all stomachs divided by sum of fragments from all stomachs | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 29 | Fort Collins, Larimer County (elev. 1650-2200 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - Apr. | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Coho creek | Exposure Factor Datasets | Tulare |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | see citation | figure of monthly changes in body weight | g | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 2 - 106/sample | Calaveras Reservior | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Santa Clara |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Molt | June | molt of juvenile or adult pelage | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Hastings Natural History Reservation | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey |
California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | 5.1 | resting metabolic rate | ml O2/min/kg | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.4 SE | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | June/July | Both Male and Female | Adult | not reported | San Nicolas Island, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 2.3 | fledging rate among successful nests | fledglings/nest | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 32 nests | St. Lawrence estuary | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.2 |
San Francisco Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. tetrataenia)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Oct. - Nov. | Both Male and Female | Adult | 2 mating masses | San Francisco Peninsula | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Mateo |
Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 17 | g | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | Not Reported | Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 4 wk | Inyo |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foraging Distance | minimum distances moved by individuals on one trap night | m | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 5 males, 6 females | Owens Valley (1,220 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Inyo |
California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Sexual Maturity | 2 | age of birds nesting for the first time | yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 10 pairs | NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | May to Aug | beginning to end of nesting period | Both Male and Female | Adult | 1 colony | Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Red-spotted Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. concinnus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Hatching or Parturition | late July - early Sept. | Both Male and Female | Embryo | Not Reported | Willamette Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | June - Sept. | time when reproductively active | Both Male and Female | Adult | 65 | New Chicago Marsh, San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Apr. - May | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Inyo |
Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 20 | g | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 16 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 15 d | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | 19.00 (20-29g); 8.82 (30-39g); 8.80 (40-49g); 0.94 (60-69g) | mass specific growth rates pooled by sex and site expressed as change in body mass per mo for 4 weight classes (20-69g) | g/mo | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 1-125/site and sex | Motte Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
California Vole (Microtus californicus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Fat (total or %) | see citation | figure of seasonal changes in body fat content | g/g dry lean wt | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | range of nesting density over two years | pairs/243 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) | Gibraltar Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Barbara |
Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | number of broods raised in one nesting season | clutches/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 9 pairs | Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Coyote (Canis latrans)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | blueberries (68%); white-tailed deer (43%); snowshoe hare (30%); small mammals (21%); birds (2%) | % occurrence of food items in scats | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 452 scats | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 12.6 | 85% harmonic mean estimate of home range for "territorial" class | km2 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 13 | Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.8 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | 0.31 | kg/wk | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0 - 8 wks | Laboratory |
Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 2.7 | km2 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 8 animals | Alberta 49 deg. N, 112 deg. 45' W | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longevity | up to 7 | years | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 animals (from 1000) | San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 0.02 | nest density | nests/ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 nests | airports in east-central IL | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | Mar-July | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 15 years | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | see citation | figure of growth rates based on changes in snout-vent length | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | Not Reported | Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | proportion remaining on grid over 2 wk intervals | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5-71/group | Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles County [lat., 37^010'N; long., 80^o30' W] | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 524 | mean calculated minimum convex polygon area | m2 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 48 | Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles county | Exposure Factor Datasets | 46 SE |
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 1.26 (20) | mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) | pairs/square mile | Both Male and Female | Adult | 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 24.8-26.1 | mean home range size of nonterritorial individuals in 1990 and 1991 | square km | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 (1990), 8 (1991) | Kluane Lake (60 deg57'N, 138deg12'W), Yukon | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. labecula)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 8.9 | g | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 93 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water Ingestion Rate | range of means from 10 experiments | cc/g/d | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 4-8 animals/experiment; 10 experiments | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |