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California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Differential toxicity and taste aversion to strychnine of three subspecies of the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Howard, Walter E., Stephen D. Palmateer, and Rex E. Marsh
Pages
107-112
Publisher
University of California, Davis
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
STRYCHNINE increase at 6.7-44.5 mg/kg bw Both Male and Female Not Reported 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Bird poisonings with cyclodienes in suburbia: Links to historic use on turf

Author(s)
Okoniewski, Joseph C. and Elizabeth Novesky
Pages
630-639
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of wild birds dying diagnosed with organochlorine poisoning Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5 kestrels Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior of captive American kestrels hatched from o,p-dicofol exposed females

Author(s)
MacLellan, K.N.M., D.M. Bird, L.J. Shutt, and D.M. Fry
Pages
411-415
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL increased incidence of abnormal behavior in adult offspring of treated females Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Biochemical and hematological effects of lead ingestion in nestling American kestrels

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., J. Christian Franson, Oliver H. Pattee, Christine M. Bunck, and Helen C. Murray
Pages
431-439
Year
Issue
2
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) 31% decrease at 625 mg/kg bw
14% decrease at 125 mg/kg bw 		hematocrit Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) 48% decrease at 625 mg/kg bw
27% decrease at 125 mg/kg bw
12% decrease at 25 mg/kg bw 		red blood cell hemoglobin content Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decrease at all doses (45-59%) red blood cell delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) 30% decrease at 625 mg/kg bw
25% decrease at 125 mg/kg bw 		plasma creatine phosphokinase Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Tissue lead distribution and hematologic effects in American kestrels (Falco sparverius L.) fed biologically incorporated lead

Author(s)
Custer, Thomas W., J.Christian Franson, and Oliver H. Pattee
Pages
39-43
Year
Issue
1
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD COMPOUNDS 1.13 ppm blood at 212 ppm; 1.69 ppm blood at 448 ppm mean lead concentration in blood Both Male and Female Adult 8-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS 7.84 ppm femur at 120 ppm; 16.60 ppm femur at 212 ppm; 18.44 ppm femur at 448 ppm mean lead concentration in femur Both Male and Female Adult 8-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect packed cell volume, hemoglogin concentration, erythrocyte counts Both Male and Female Adult 8-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Lead in hawks, falcons and owls downstream from a mining site on the Coeur D'Alene River, Idaho

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus, David J. Hoffman and Robert A. Grove
Pages
267-288
Year
Volume
29
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.23 ug/g (wet wt) mean lead concentration in liver Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 Coeur D'Alene River Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect number of young produced Both Male and Female Adult 20 nests Coeur D'Alene River Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effect of dietary sodium fluoride on internal organs, breast muscle, and bones in captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., D. Carriere and D. Lacombe
Pages
242-246
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
FLUORIDE, SODIUM 247.0 +/- 103.1 ppm @ 0 ppm; 6137.9 +/- 823.8 ppm @ 1120 ppm; 10,272.6 +/- 865.8 ppm @ 2240 ppm mean fluoride content in the diaphyses of femurae Both Male and Female Juvenile 9-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
FLUORIDE, SODIUM no effect growth of body weight and skeletal components (skull, bill, tarsus, antebrachium, and manus) Both Male and Female Juvenile 9-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
Citation:

Birds of prey, DDT, and tussock moths in Pacific Northwest

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J.
Pages
397-411
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 6.42 ppm mean DDT concentration in eggs 0-0.8 mi from sprayed area Both Male and Female Embryo 21 eggs La Grande-Enterprise (OR), Potlatch (ID) Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect mean productivity (young produced) Both Male and Female Adult 21 eggs La Grande-Enterprise (OR), Potlatch (ID) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine contaminants in a terrestrial foodweb on the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, Canada 1987 - 89

Author(s)
Hebert, C.E., D.V. Weseloh, L. Kot and V. Glooschenko
Pages
356-366
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 5.53 mg/kg egg (wet wt) mean DDE concentration in eggs (pooled analyses) Both Male and Female Embryo 10 eggs N. Niagra Peninsula, Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Acute toxicity of four anticholinesterase insecticides to American kestrels, eastern screech owls, and northern bobwhites

Author(s)
Wiemeyer, Stanley N. and Donald W. Sparling
Pages
1139-1148
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
EPN 4.0 mg/kg bw (3.1-5.1 95% CI) LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Effects of lead, iron, and bismuth allow shot embedded in the breast muscles of game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Stephen P. Havera, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey W. Brawn, Gale D. Taylor and James W. Seets
Pages
688-697
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) 130(10.1) ppm in kidneys, 0.19(0.06) ppm in liver mean(SE) wet wt concentration of bismuth in organs Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of asulam in wildlife species: Acute toxicity to birds and fish

Author(s)
Ingham, Brian and Michael A. Gallo
Pages
194-199
Year
Issue
2
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ASULAM decreased @ all doses body weight gain by day 8 compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) decreased @ all doses food consumption compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) decreased @ all doses body weight gain by 8 days compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) 1550 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on bird's eggs

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., William C. Eastin, Jr. and Martha L. Gay
Pages
230-241
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 15 ul/egg red blood cell and liver ALAD activity and hemoglobin concentration, compared to controls Both Male and Female Embryo 100 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets days 2-16 of incubation Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 5, 15 ul/egg red blood cell and liver ALAD activity, hemoglobin concentration, plasma uric acid, and plasma ALT and AST activities compared to controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 100 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets days 2-16 of incubation Laboratory
Citation:

Influence of dietary calcium on lead poisoning in mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Carlson, Brent L. and Svend W. Nielsen
Pages
276-282
Year
Issue
1
Volume
46
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased with Pb/corn+Ca (50%), and Pb/corn only (100%) % mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult treatment = 10/group
control = 5 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased in Pb/commerical (hemoglobin only), Pb/corn+Ca, and Pb/corn only red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration versus controls Both Male and Female Adult treatment = 10/group
control = 5 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) increased with Pb/corn + Ca, Pb/corn only blood protoporphyrin concentrations versus controls Both Male and Female Adult treatment = 10/group
control = 5 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary nickel on mallards

Author(s)
Eastin, William C., Jr. and Thomas J. O'Shea
Pages
883-892
Year
Volume
7
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
NICKEL SULFATE no effects reproductive success (number of eggs laid, hatchability, duckling survival) compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
NICKEL SULFATE increased @ 12.5, 50, 200, 800 ppm diet kidney, blood, liver, and feather concentrations of Ni compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
NICKEL SULFATE 1.94 (kidney), 0.52 (liver), 0.139 (blood), 68.06 (feathers) ppm, wet wt mean tissue concentrations @ 800 ppm Ni in diet Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Teratogenic effects of external egg applications of methyl mercury in the mallard, Anas platyrynchos

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and John M. Moore
Pages
453-462
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased @ 9, 27, 90 ug Hg % survival by day 18 of incubation versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 80 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets incubation day 3 Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic effects of crude oil in mallard ducks and chicks

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J.
Pages
183-190
Year
Volume
46
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decreased @ 1, 5 uL/egg bill length of both sexes Both Male and Female Hatchling 65 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 days Laboratory
Citation:

Toxic effects of boron on mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Smith, Gregory J. and Velora P. Anders
Pages
943-950
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
BORIC ACID decrease @ 1000 ppm % hatching success in fertile eggs and productivity per female (mean # of 21 d old ducklings) Both Male and Female Adult 15/sex/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
BORIC ACID increase @ 1000 ppm % embryo mortality (day 15 to hatch) and duckling mortality (hatch to day 7) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 11-23/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
BORIC ACID decrease @ 300, 1000 ppm body weight of hatchlings, compared to controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 11-23/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
BORIC ACID decrease @ 30, 300, 1000 ppm hatchling weight gain over 21 d, compared to controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 11-23/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of emamectin benzoate to mallard duck and northern bobwhite quail

Author(s)
Chukwudebe, Amechi C., Joann B. Beavers, Mark Jaber, and Peter G. Wislocki
Pages
1118-1123
Year
Issue
6
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 76 mg/kg bw, 56-102 (95% CI) acute oral LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 19 weeks Laboratory
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE < 25 mg/kg bw no-observed-effect level, based on body weight loss Both Male and Female Adult 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 19 weeks Laboratory
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 570 ppm diet, 391-915 (95% CI) dietary LC50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 days Laboratory
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 20 ppm diet no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), based on reduced feed consumption and weight gain Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 days Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of boron and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival

Author(s)
Stanley, Thomas R., Jr., Gregory J. Smith, David J. Hoffman, Gary H. Heinz, and Roger Rosscoe
Pages
1124-1132
Year
Issue
7
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 4.6 (0.18) ppm B @ 450 ppm B; 8.5 (0.34) ppm B @ 900 ppm B; 3.7 (0.16) ppm Se @ 3.5 ppm Se; 6.2 (0.27) ppm Se @ 7 ppm mean (SE) wet wt concentrations of B and Se in liver Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 6.5 (0.25) ppm B @ 450 ppm B; 11 (0.4) ppm B @ 900 ppm B; 3.5 (0.10) ppm Se @ 3.5 ppm Se; 7.1 (0.28) ppm Se @ 7 ppm mean (SE) wet wt concentrations of B and Se in egg Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Methylmercury chloride and selenomethionine interactions on health and reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H., and David J. Hoffman
Pages
139-145
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se hatchability versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 mo Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect egg laying interval, egg weight, egg shell thickness, fertility, duckling survival, hatchling body weights versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 mo Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se weight of 7 day old ducklings versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 mo Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se incidence of deformities in embryos that died (1 wk or older) versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of ingested bismuth alloy shot in game-farm mallards: Chronic health effects and effects on reproduction

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Karen L. Duncan, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey D. Brawn and James W. Seets
Pages
217-252
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no effect with Fe or Bi egg weight, eggshell thickness, fertility, hatchability versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no effect with Fe or Bi histopathology of kidney, liver, testis, heart, lung versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) 213(27.1) ppm, kidney; 91(4.55) ppm, liver; 9.8(3.22) ppm, ovary; 3.49(0.61) ppm, testis mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of Pb in Pb-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) 237(17.2) ppm, kidney; 1936(233) ppm, liver; 90.6(6.85) ppm, ovary; 13.1(1.29) ppm, testis mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of Fe in Fe-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity in the wild mallard duckling caused by organophosphorus insecticides cyanofenphos and leptophos

Author(s)
Soliman, S.A., N.S. Ahmed, K.S. El-Gendy, A.S. El-Bakary and A.H. El-Sebae
Pages
401-411
Year
Issue
5
Volume
B21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CYANOFENPHOS increased @ 2.0, or 4.0 mg cyanofen/kg/d, 10 mg leptophos/kg/d. incidence of histological lesions in axons and myelin sheaths Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 week Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of age on sensitivity: Acute oral toxicity of 14 pesticides to mallard ducks of several ages

Author(s)
Hudson, R.H., R.K. Tucker and M.A. Haegele
Pages
556-561
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ENDOSULFAN 7.89 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 30 days Laboratory
MONOCROTOPHOS 5.86 (4.70-7.29), 7.21 (5.79-8.98), 5.10 (4.44-5.86), 3.36 (2.77-4.09) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos Laboratory
ENDOSULFAN 34.4 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
PROPOXUR 7.38 (5.97-9.14), 12.7 (10.2-15.9), 14.6 (12.4-17.4), 9.58 (7.61-12.1) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos Laboratory
ALDICARB 1.92 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hours Laboratory
DICROTOPHOS 6.17 (3.33-11.4), 7.03 (5.30-9.31), 6.73 (5.53-8.19), 4.14 (3.33-5.16) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos Laboratory
ALDICARB 3.60 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 days Laboratory
Citation:

Fecundity and progeny growth following subacute insecticide ingestion by the mallard

Author(s)
Muller, H.D. and D.C. Lockman
Pages
239-241
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIELDRIN no effect egg production, eggshell thickness and fertility, compared to control Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIELDRIN decrease average % hatchability, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIELDRIN no effect progeny growth (average body weights) at hatch to 6 wks of age Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 trios (2F, 1M adults)/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparison of the effects of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-D,L-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and David J. Hoffman
Pages
169-175
Year
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect incidence of illness versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect egg fertility, egg weight, eggshell thickness, and mean interval between laying of eggs versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced with seleno-L-methionine or seleno-D,L-methionine hatchability versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic ingestion of south Louisiana crude oil on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Szaro, Robert C., Michael P. Dieter, Gary H. Heinz and John F. Ferrell
Pages
426-436
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 5% growth rate, estimated as change in body weight, compared to control Both Male and Female Juvenile 50/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 0.25 - 5% distance retreated from a frightening stimulus; impaired avoidance behavior Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-6 d post-hatch Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase @ 2.5 - 5% incidence of liver hypertrophy and splenic atropy Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of lead shot to wild black ducks and mallards fed natural foods.

Author(s)
Chasko, G.G., T.R. Hoehn and P. Howell-Heller
Pages
417-428
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased @ 5 shot (33%) and repeated 5 shot (40%) percent mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Not Reported 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased bw versus controls Both Male and Female Not Reported 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) increased @ all doses Pb concentrations in wing bone and liver Both Male and Female Not Reported 5-6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The heat production of oiled mallards and scaup

Author(s)
McEwan, E. H. and A.F. Koelink
Pages
27-31
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS increased with light, moderate and heavy oiling thermal conductance of feathers and body heat loss versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 3 birds/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic dietary toxicity of strychnine: bobwhite quail are less sensitive than mallard ducks.

Author(s)
Sterner, R.T., C.A. Pederson, B.R. Helsten, and M.J. Goodall
Pages
498-505
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) increased @ 484.2, 972.0 ug/g diet (nominal concentrations) incidence of mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) increased @ 235.0, 484.2, 972.0 ug/g (nominal concentrations) incidence of clinical signs versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Site-specific lead exposure from lead pellet ingestion in sentinel mallards

Author(s)
Rocke, Tonie E., Christopher J. Brand, John G. Mensik
Pages
228-234
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
LEAD (elemental) higher in P8 than in T19 and TF, and in T19 than in TF maximum likelihood estimate of 2-week Pb exposure rate Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 50 birds/treatment Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; Willows, CA (39deg29'N, 122deg20'W) Toxicity Factor Datasets Sacramento
LEAD (elemental) higher in P8 than in T19 and TF, and in T19 than in TF mortality rate (over 4 years) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 50 birds/treatment Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; Willows, CA (39deg29'N, 122deg20'W) Toxicity Factor Datasets Sacramento
Citation:

Histopathologic efffects of dietary cadmium on kidneys and testes of mallard ducks

Author(s)
White, Donald H., Mack T. Finley and John F. Ferrell
Pages
551-558
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 200 ppm weight of kidneys versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets first year Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary nickel on survival and growth of mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W. and Ellen A. Pafford
Pages
737-745
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
NICKEL SULFATE increased @ 800, 1200 ppm incidence of clinical signs and mortality Both Male and Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Comparison of game-farm and wild-strain mallard ducks in accumulation of methylmercury

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
379-386
Year
Volume
3
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE 0.51-0.54 ppm blood, 2.07-2.41 ppm kidney, 2.35-2.26 ppm liver, 0.74-0.97 ppm breast muscle, 0.47-0.51 ppm brain, 0.88 ppm eggs @ 0.5 ppm in diet range of mean Hg (ppm wet-weight) concentrations in wild-strain males and females Both Male and Female Adult 6-9 (9 breeding pairs/dose) Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Effects of granular formulations of terbufos and fonofos applied to cornfields on mortality and reproductive success of songbirds

Author(s)
Knapton, Richard W., and Pierre Mineau
Pages
138-153
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
FONOFOS, TERBUFOS no effect reproductive parameters (reproductive success, clutch size, number of unhatched eggs, number of young fledged/nest) of nests located on edges of sprayed fields Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 60 treatment, 32 control nests southwestern Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
FONOFOS, TERBUFOS no effect survival of banded individuals, pre- versus post-application, up to 50 days post-application Both Male and Female Adult 88 males, 44 females (treatment); 69 males, 27 females (control) southwestern Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Insecticide effects on small mammals: influence of vegetation structure and diet

Author(s)
Schauber, Eric M., W. Daniel Edge and Jerry O. Wolff
Pages
143-157
Year
Issue
1
Volume
7
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION) decrease @ 3.61 kg/ha population density in enclosures with mowed alfalfa Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 0-30 animals/enclosure; 4 enclosures/dose Hyslop Crop Science Field Laboratory, Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Lead poisoning in roadside populations of deer mice

Author(s)
Mierau, Gary W. and Blaise E. Favara
Pages
55-64
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD ACETATE increase at 0.5 and 1% diet incidence of acid-fast staining intranuclear inclusion bodies within kidney proximal convoluted tubule cells Both Male and Female Adult 5 breeding pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2-3 mo Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE no effect litter mortality Both Male and Female Adult 5 breeding pairs Toxicity Factor Datasets 2-3 mo Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE no effect incidence of congenital malformations Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 breeding pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2-3 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dieldrin on homing and orientation in deer mice

Author(s)
Snyder, Ron L.
Pages
362-364
Year
Issue
2
Volume
38
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN decrease at 5 mg/kg homing orientation test, measured as time in maze pointing to capture site Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 animals/dose NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN decrease at 5 mg/kg homing, measured as number recaptured at pre-exposure site Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 animals/dose NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative toxicity of azinophos-methyl to house mice, laboratory mice, deer mice and gray-tailed voles

Author(s)
Meyers, S.M. and J.O. Wolff
Pages
478-482
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION) 1180 ppm diet (95% CL: 709-1485, slope = 1.88 +/- 0.57SE) LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 10 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Is the operational use of strychnine to control ground squirrels detrimental to burrowing owls?

Author(s)
James, Paul C., Glen A. Fox and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
120-123
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
STRYCHNINE no effect number of young produced per nest attempt Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE no effect number of chicks produced per successful pair Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE no effect chick mass index Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE decrease adult body weight Both Male and Female Adult 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Effects of low OP dose on seed/bead discrimination in the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys

Author(s)
Peterle, T. J. and R. Bentley
Pages
95-100
Year
Volume
43
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLPARATHION 97.1 mg/kg (95% CI, 42.6-178.6 mg/kg) LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 3-4 animals/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects of herbicide applications on nesting ecology of passerines

Author(s)
Nolte, Kenneth R. and Timothy E. Fulbright
Pages
44
Publisher
Society for Range Management
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
PICLORAM, TRICLOPYR no effect nesting success in treated plots Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of urban pesticide applications on nesting success of songbirds

Author(s)
Brehmer, Paul M. and Raymond K. Anderson
Pages
352-359
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ACEPHATE, CARBARYL, DIAZINON no effect percent nest success, eggs hatched, and nestlings fledged Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 37 nests Winnebago, Outagamie, Calumet Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL decreased at 1196 ppm carbaryl plasma cholinesterase activity Both Male and Female Nestling 37 nests Winnebago, Outagamie, Calumet Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
ACEPHATE, CARBARYL, DIAZINON no effect brain cholinesterase activity Both Male and Female Nestling 37 nests Winnebago, Outagamie, Calumet Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Productivity and survival of great horned owls exposed to dieldrin

Author(s)
Frank, Rosemary A. and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
331-339
Year
Volume
101
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN no effect productivity in contaminated versus uncontaminated sites Both Male and Female Adult 3-4 nests on contaminated sites; 5-9 nests on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Chlorinated benzenes as physiological markers for coyotes

Author(s)
Johnston, John J., Lamar A. Windberg, Carol A. Furcolow, Richard M. Engeman and Marianna Roetto
Pages
410-421
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PENTACHLOROBENZENE no effect mean body mass and appearance of eyes, gums, teeth and fur, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory
PENTACHLOROBENZENE no effect serum chemistry and hematological profile, compared to control Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory
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