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Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Effects of dietary vanadium in mallard ducks

Author(s)
White, Donald H. and Michael P. Dieter
Pages
43-50
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
VANADYL SULFATE increased @ 100 ppm plasma cholesterol levels in drakes and laying hens Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Lead contamination in the mallard (Anas platyrynchos) in Italy

Author(s)
Tirelli, E., N. Maestrini, S. Govoni, E. Catelli and R. Serra
Pages
729-733
Year
Volume
56
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
LEAD (elemental) decreased @ > 60 ug/dl blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity Both Male and Female Not Reported 21 birds World Wildlife Fund Refuge, Tuscany Toxicity Factor Datasets ITALY
Citation:

Effects of embedded tungsten-bismuth-tin shot and steel shot on mallards (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Kraabel, Brita J., Michael W. Miller, David M. Getzy and James K. Ringelman
Pages
1-8
Year
Issue
1
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
STEEL COMPOUNDS, TRIBUTYLTIN increased in both groups (no treatment diffs) white blood cell counts, monocyte counts, total protein concentrations over study period Both Male and Female Juvenile 20/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 wks Laboratory
STEEL COMPOUNDS, TRIBUTYLTIN increased with steel shot, wk 8 overall response score (inflammation, muscle damage changes) Both Male and Female Juvenile 20/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 wks Laboratory
Citation:

Uptake and retention of dietary cadmium in mallard ducks

Author(s)
White, Donald H. and Mack T. Finley
Pages
53-59
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased to 0.010 (@ 20 ppm), 0.040 (@ 200 ppm) ppm, wet wt Cd concentrations in eggs versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 eggs (20 ppm), 3 eggs (200 ppm) Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 200 ppm/60 or 90 d of treatment, 30 d post-treatment mean kidney weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 10 kidneys/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of arsenate on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Camardese, Michael B., David J. Hoffman, Leonard J. LeCaptain and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
785-795
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ARSENATE, SODIUM increased @ 100 ppm ( 0.4 ppm, dry wt), 300 ppm (0.8 ppm, dry wt) accumulation of arsenic in brain tissue (geometric means in parentheses) Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of boron on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Michael B. Camardese, Leonard J. Lecaptain
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID increase @ 1600 ppm plasma calcium concentration (6-10% greater than controls) and brain acetylcholinestrase activity (umol/min/g) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
BORIC ACID 2 ug/g @ control; 4 ug/g @ 100 ppm; 5 ug/g @ 400 ppm; 51 ug/g @ 1600 ppm boron accumulation in brain (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
BORIC ACID decrease @ 400 and 1600 ppm brain ATP (nmol/g) and protein (mg/g) concentrations Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
BORIC ACID 1 ug/g @ controls; 3 ug/g @ 100 ppm; 3 ug/g @ 400 ppm; 29 ug/g @ 1600 ppm liver boron concentration (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic and reproductive toxicity of emamectin benzoate to mallard ducks and northern bobwhite quail

Author(s)
O'Grodnick, Joseph S., Peter G. Wislocki, Kevin P. Keenan, Joann B. Beavers, Larry T. Frey, and Mark Jaber
Pages
2318-2324
Year
Issue
11
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE no effect mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 22 weeks Laboratory
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE no effect incidence of signs of toxicity and body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 22 weeks Laboratory
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE no effect feed consumption versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 22 weeks Laboratory
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE no effect microscopic changes to brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 22 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of boron and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival

Author(s)
Stanley, Thomas R., Jr., Gregory J. Smith, David J. Hoffman, Gary H. Heinz, and Roger Rosscoe
Pages
1124-1132
Year
Issue
7
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 900 ppm B body weight and growth at 0, 7,and 14 days post-hatch versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 7 ppm Se body weight and weight gain at 7 and 14 days post-hatch versus 3.5 ppm Se group Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 3.5 ppm Se survival between 7 and 14 days post-hatch versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 7 ppm duckling production versus 3.5 ppm Se group Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Acute effects of lead, steel, tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot administered to game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Kelly, M.E., S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.L. Stickle, W. Stevens, C. Cray, R.J. Tempelman and S.J. Bursian
Pages
673-687
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 250.6(39.0) ppm in femur, 78.3(9.7) ppm in liver, 256.3(22.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt lead concentrations in tissues of lead-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of ingested bismuth alloy shot in game-farm mallards: Chronic health effects and effects on reproduction

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Karen L. Duncan, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey D. Brawn and James W. Seets
Pages
217-252
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) decreased with Pb; no effect with Fe or Bi body weight, gonad weight, hematocrit versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) increased with Pb; no effect with Fe or Bi gizzard and kidney weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) decreased with Bi weight of hatchlings versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no effect with Fe or Bi survival to 7 d, organ histopathology, hematocrit, sex ratios, kidney or liver weights of ducklings versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Erythrocyte d-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in mallard ducks: Duration of inhibition after lead shot dosage.

Author(s)
Dieter, M.P. and M.T. Finley
Pages
621-625
Year
Issue
3
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased blood Pb concentrations versus pre-dose controls Both Male and Female Adult 20 per sex laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 8 months Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of age on sensitivity: Acute oral toxicity of 14 pesticides to mallard ducks of several ages

Author(s)
Hudson, R.H., R.K. Tucker and M.A. Haegele
Pages
556-561
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CHLORPYRIFOS 50.4 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 30 days Laboratory
CHLORPYRIFOS 83.3 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
ENDOSULFAN 27.8 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hours Laboratory
ENDOSULFAN 6.47 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 days Laboratory
Citation:

Toxic, neurochemical and behavioral effects of dieldrin exposure in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Sharma, R.P., D.S. Winn and J.B. Low
Pages
43-53
Year
Issue
1
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN no effect bw versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 9-25 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
DIELDRIN increased @ 10 ppm (liver only), 30 ppm (brain only) brain and liver weight to body weight ratios versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 9-25 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
DIELDRIN increased@ 4, 10, 30 ppm hepatic microsomal enzyme activity versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 5-15 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
DIELDRIN increased @ 30 ppm liver protein concentration versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 5-15 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of lead, iron, and bismuth allow shot embedded in the breast muscles of game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Stephen P. Havera, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey W. Brawn, Gale D. Taylor and James W. Seets
Pages
688-697
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no differences mean survival times compared among lead, iron and bismuth dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no differences mean body weight and organ weights compared among lead, iron and bismuth dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no differences mean hematocrit values compared among lead, iron and bismuth dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 5 males, 5 females per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of adult mallard age on avian reproductive tests

Author(s)
Gile, Jay D. and S. Mark Meyers
Pages
751-56
Year
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased number of eggs produced, egg weight, eggshell thickness compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 24 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 and 11 months old Laboratory
Citation:

Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
261-269
Year
Issue
3
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect body weight and food consumption versus controls Both Male and Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) no effect incidence of lead poisoning tissue lesions versus controls Both Male and Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
Citation:

Methylmercury: Reproductive and behavioral effects on three generations of mallard ducks

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
394-401
Year
Issue
2
Volume
43
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE no effect body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE increased in 2nd generation food consumption versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparison of the effects of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-D,L-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and David J. Hoffman
Pages
169-175
Year
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced with selenized yeast body weight of 6 day old ducklings versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE increased with seleno-D,L-methionine, seleno-L-methionine, or selenized yeast incidence of embryo deformities versus controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity in the wild mallard duckling caused by organophosphorus insecticides cyanofenphos and leptophos

Author(s)
Soliman, S.A., N.S. Ahmed, K.S. El-Gendy, A.S. El-Bakary and A.H. El-Sebae
Pages
401-411
Year
Issue
5
Volume
B21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CYANOFENPHOS increased incidence of delayed neurotoxicity signs Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 week Laboratory
CYANOFENPHOS increased (30% @ 10 mg leptophos/kg/d; 10% @ 0.5 mg cyanofenphos/kg/d; 0% @ 1.0 mg cyanofenphos/kg/d; 20% @ 2.0 mg cyanofenphos/kg/d ;60% @ 4.0 mg cyanofenphos/kg/d; 100% @ 8.0 mg cyanofenphos/kg/d mortality versus controls) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 week Laboratory
CYANOFENPHOS decreased @ 2.0, 4.0 mg/kg/d bw versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 week Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of asulam in wildlife species: Acute toxicity to birds and fish

Author(s)
Ingham, Brian and Michael A. Gallo
Pages
194-199
Year
Issue
2
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ASULAM 10% @ 4000 mg/kg percent mortality after 21 days Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
ASULAM decreased @ all doses food consumption compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on bird's eggs

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., William C. Eastin, Jr. and Martha L. Gay
Pages
230-241
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase @ 2-15 ul/egg percent mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 100 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets days 2-18 of incubation Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase @ 2-15 ul/egg incidence of survivors with abnormalities versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 100 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets days 2-18 of incubation Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary nickel on mallards

Author(s)
Eastin, William C., Jr. and Thomas J. O'Shea
Pages
883-892
Year
Volume
7
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
NICKEL SULFATE increased @ 200, 800 ppm food consumption compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
NICKEL SULFATE no effects body wt, liver wt:brain wt, kidney wt:brain wt, duodenal wt compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Teratogenic effects of external egg applications of methyl mercury in the mallard, Anas platyrynchos

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and John M. Moore
Pages
453-462
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE increased @ 1,3,9,27,90 ug Hg % abnormal survivors by day 18 of incubation versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 80 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets incubation day 3 Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased @ 27, 90 ug Hg embryo crown to rump length by day 18 of incubation versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 80 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets incubation day 3 Laboratory
Citation:

Influence of dietary calcium on lead poisoning in mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Carlson, Brent L. and Svend W. Nielsen
Pages
276-282
Year
Issue
1
Volume
46
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased in all groups dosed with lead shot incidence of clinical signs, weight loss, breast muscle atrophy Both Male and Female Adult treatment = 10/group
control = 5 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Influence of laying on lead accumulation in bone of mallard ducks

Author(s)
Finley, M.T.; Dieter, M.P.
Pages
123-129
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect body weight compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 20 females, 10 males/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Methylmercury chloride and selenomethionine interactions on health and reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H., and David J. Hoffman
Pages
139-145
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 mo Laboratory

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Mercury levels in feathers of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus compared with total mercury content in some of its prey species in Sweden

Author(s)
Lindberg, Peter, and Tjelvar Odsjo
Pages
297-318
Year
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
MERCURY (elemental) 6.90-29.50 ppm, dry wt (females)
12.10 ppm, dry wt (males) 		concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers Both Male and Female Adult 20 females, 1 male Northern Sweden Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
Citation:

DDT and dieldrin: effects on resident peregrine falcon populations in south-eastern Australia

Author(s)
Olsen, Penny, Bill Emison, Nick Mooney, and Nigel Brothers
Pages
89-100
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) productivity = 1.79 - 0.04(DDE) linear regression of productivity (number of young fledged per site) and DDE concentrations in eggs Both Male and Female Adult 9 eggs Tasmania Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
Citation:

Organochlorines and mercury in the eggs of British peregrines Falco peregrinus

Author(s)
Newton, I., J.A. Bogan, and M.B. Haas
Pages
353-376
Year
Volume
131
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 15 ppm DDE, 0.7 ppm heptachlor epoxide concentrations in eggs associated with population recovery Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 550 eggs from 469 clutches Toxicity Factor Datasets UNITED KINGDOM

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Selenium accumulation in captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) fed selenomethionine and naturally incorporated selenium

Author(s)
Yamamoto, Julie T., Gary M. Santolo, and Barry W. Wilson
Pages
2494-2497
Year
Issue
12
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE Y=1.132 + 0.801X (R^2 = 0.932) relationship between Se concentrations in diet and blood Both Male and Female Adult 9-10 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS 7.5 ppm Se, dry wt maximum observed Se concentration in blood Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE no effect incidence of mortality or signs of toxicity Both Male and Female Adult 9-10 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic dietary lead in American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Franson, J. Christian, Louis Sileo, Oliver H. Pattee and John F. Moore
Pages
110-113
Year
Issue
2
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decrease at 10, 50 ppm mean blood delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) no effect mean packed cell volume and red blood cell hemoglobin Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) increase at 50 ppm
1.3 ppm (1.00 SD) males; 2.4 ppm (1.40 SD) females 		mean lead concentration in liver Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) no effect mean organ and carcass weights Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Lead in hawks, falcons and owls downstream from a mining site on the Coeur D'Alene River, Idaho

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus, David J. Hoffman and Robert A. Grove
Pages
267-288
Year
Volume
29
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.46 ug/g at study area
0.25 ug/g at reference area 		mean lead concentration in blood (wet wt) Both Male and Female Adult 3 (study area)
6 (reference) 		Coeur D'Alene River Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS decreased red blood cell delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity (relative to control) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 33 Coeur D'Alene River Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS decreased hematocrit Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 Coeur D'Alene River Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS decreased hemoglobin (relative to control) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 33 Coeur D'Alene River Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Short-term effects of oil ingestion on American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Pattee, Oliver H. and J. Chrisian Franson
Pages
235-241
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS decreased @ 3.0% hemoglobin Both Male and Female Juvenile 16/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CRUDE OILS no effect various hematological measurements (packed cell volume, erythrocyte counts, plasma uric acid, plasma alanine aminotransferase) Both Male and Female Juvenile 16/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Reproductive and morphological effects of o,p-dicofol on two generations of captive American kestrels

Author(s)
MacLellan, K.N.M., D.M. Bird, D.M. Fry, and J.L. Cowles
Pages
364-372
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL increased @ 5 and 20 mg/kg incidence of abnormal embyronic gonads Both Male and Female Embryo 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Glyphosate treatment and deer mice in clearcut and forest

Author(s)
Ritchie, D. Chris, Alton S. Harestad and Ralph Archibald
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE decrease percent vegetation cover (vs control) in study area Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect adult sex ratios Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect age structure as indicated by number of juveniles trapped Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE increase mean number of foeti in trapped females Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 285 Vancouver Island Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

The toxicity of chlorophacinone and diphacinone to deer mice

Author(s)
Marsh, Rex E., Walter E. Howard and Ronald E. Cole
Pages
298-301
Year
Issue
2
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIPHACINONE increase at 0.0025% Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROPHACINONE increase at 0.00125% Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIPHACINONE increase @ 0.00125- 0.02% Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROPHACINONE increase @ 0.00125-0.02% Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Influence of forest herbicide on deer mouse and Oregon vole population dynamics

Author(s)
Sullivan, Thomas P.
Pages
566-576
Year
Issue
4
Volume
54
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE no effect body weight Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 67 - 138 animals University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
GLYPHOSATE no effect growth rate, estimated by changes in body weight Both Male and Female Juvenile 23 - 55 University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Lead poisoning in roadside populations of deer mice

Author(s)
Mierau, Gary W. and Blaise E. Favara
Pages
55-64
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS Bone; 52.10 +/- 33.81SD, Kidney; 8.46 +/- 3.03SE, Liver; 3.29 +/- 1.77SD, Brain; 0.84 +/- 0.25SE, Feces; 153.6+/- 103.5SD ppm (dry weight) Mean concentrations in deer mice from roadside site (ppm, dry weight). Feces collected from nest box after 1 yr accumulation. Roadside tissue concentrations significantly different from control site. Both Male and Female Adult 9 - 10 animals Interstate 25, Denver (elev. 1884-2018 m) Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS significant increase mortality during winter, estimated by number of mice recaptured the following breeding season at a control and roadside site Both Male and Female Adult 98 - 180 tagged animals Interstate 25, Denver (elev. 1884-2018 m) Toxicity Factor Datasets

Citation:

Effects of some insecticides on productivity of burrowing owls

Author(s)
James, Paul C. and Glen A. Fox
Pages
65-71
Year
Issue
2
Volume
45
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CARBOFURAN no effect maximum number of young observed per nest (vs. untreated controls) Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 pairs Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CARBARYL, CARBOFURAN no effect maximum number of young observed per nest (vs. untreated controls) Both Male and Female Juvenile 18 pairs Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CARBARYL, CARBOFURAN no effect proportion of pairs that raised at least 1 young (vs. untreated controls) Both Male and Female Adult 18 pairs Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Larson, Jill M., William H. Karasov, Louis Sileo, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Barbara A. Hanbidge, John P. Giesy, Paul D. Jones, Donald E. Tillitt and David A. Verbrugge
Pages
553-559
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased compared with reference hatching success (# hatched/# eggs) Both Male and Female Hatchling 466 and 953 nests (2 yrs) Spider Is., Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased compared with reference proportion of nestlings with bill defects Both Male and Female Hatchling 1,511 and 2,700 chicks (2 yrs) Spider Is., Lake Michigan Toxicity Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

DDE in birds' eggs: Comparison of two methods for estimating critical levels

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
268-276
Year
Issue
2
Volume
96
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 8 ug/g critical threshold of DDE concentration in egg (wet wt basis) associated with 20% eggshell thinning Both Male and Female Embryo 813 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 3 ug/g lowest level of DDE that would result in severely lowered reproductive success Both Male and Female Embryo 156 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Further interpretation of the relation of organochlorine residues in brown pelican eggs to reproductive success

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
15-33
Year
Issue
1
Volume
28
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 3 ug/g level in eggs associated with impaired reproductive success (successful nests fledged at least one chick) Both Male and Female Juvenile 156 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Mercury-selenium-bromine imbalance in premature parturient California sea lions

Author(s)
Martin, J.H., P.D. Elliott, V.C. Anderlini, D. Girvin, S.A. Jacobs, R.W. Risebrough, R.L. Delong and W.G. Gilmartin
Pages
91-104
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
BROMINE COMPOUNDS, CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, MANGANESE COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SILVER COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS increase incidence of premature parturition correlated with different metal concentrations and ratios Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Effects of low OP dose on seed/bead discrimination in the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys

Author(s)
Peterle, T. J. and R. Bentley
Pages
95-100
Year
Volume
43
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLPARATHION no effect discrimination between seeds and beads Both Male and Female Adult 22 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHYLPARATHION 18-19 % decrease brain cholinesterase activity, compared to control Both Male and Female Adult 2 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Bird poisonings with cyclodienes in suburbia: Links to historic use on turf

Author(s)
Okoniewski, Joseph C. and Elizabeth Novesky
Pages
630-639
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of wild birds dying diagnosed with organochlorine poisoning Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets

Alameda Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. pusillula)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition Lab
DIBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE (1,2,5,6-) 5 description Both Male and Female Adult sample size location Toxicity Factor Datasets age Alameda condition Laboratory

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Is the operational use of strychnine to control ground squirrels detrimental to burrowing owls?

Author(s)
James, Paul C., Glen A. Fox and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
120-123
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
STRYCHNINE no effect proportion of pairs that raised at least 1 young Both Male and Female Adult 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
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