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Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

Sylvilagus audubonii

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Gale R. Willner
Pages
1-4
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Spring and summer foods of Audubon's cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus audubonii) in north-central Colorado

Author(s)
deCalesta, David S.
Pages
549-553
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses, 20 species (0 - 22.2%); Forbs, 16 species (0 - 17.4%); Shrubs, 1 species (0.4 - 1.5%); Cactus, 1 species (0 - 0.1%) range of % composition of species over 2 yrs; estimated as sum of all fragments per food species from all stomachs divided by sum of fragments from all stomachs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 18 - 30 Fort Collins, Larimer County (elev. 1650-2200 m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Enhydra lutris

Author(s)
Estes, James A.
Pages
1-8
Year
Volume
133
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy, nitrogen, and electrolyte flux and sea water drinking in the sea otter Enhydra lutris

Author(s)
Costa, Daniel P.
Pages
35-44
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 269 mL/kg-d Both Male and Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets 25 SE Laboratory
Water Ingestion Rate 62 Sea water ingestion rate mL / kg-d Both Male and Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets 27 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Food selection and some foraging tactics of sea otters

Author(s)
Estes, J.A., R.J. Jameson and A.M. Johnson
Pages
606-641
Publisher
Worldwide Furbearer Conference, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition unidentifed crab (15.0%), pugettia (4.5%), cancer species (6.8%), unidentified abalone (0%), red abalone (0%), black abalone (0%), clam (0.8%), turbon snail (19.6%), kelp and holdfasts (0%), unidentifed (42.9%), mussel (0.8%), annelid (0%), limpet (0%), scallop (0%), octopus (0.8%), red urchin (6.0%), cucumaria (0%), purple urchin (2.3%), pisaster species (0.8%), barnacle (0%) dietary composition for juveniles % Both Male and Female Juvenile 156 Piedras Blancas Exposure Factor Datasets

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Physical development in coyotes (Canis latrans), with a comparison to other canids

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc and Robert Jamieson
Pages
685-692
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1859 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 42d Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 2724 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 56d Laboratory
Citation:

Food and population characteristics of Iowa coyotes

Author(s)
Mathwig, Herbert J.
Pages
167-189
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 6 maximum age in field yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 greatest density #/1.4 mi2 Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolism and body temperature of two desert canids: Coyotes and kit foxes

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
624 - 635
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.0015 basal metabolic rate at 22-26C estimated via oxygen consumption watts/g Both Male and Female Not Reported 3 captured in Maricopa County, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Berg, William E. and Robert A. Chesness
Pages
229-247
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range prior to dispersal km2 Both Male and Female Juvenile 50 Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

An eleven-year summary of mourning dove observations in the west

Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting Mar-Sep period from beginning to end of nesting Both Male and Female Adult 335 nest attempts near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 64.5 proportion of attempted nests that fledged at least one young % Both Male and Female Adult 220 nests Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Citation:

Migration and mortality of banded mourning doves

Author(s)
Thomforde, Lawrence L.
Pages
72-76
Year
Issue
2/3
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 58.5% weighted mean annual mortality of banded doves Both Male and Female Juvenile 1,179 birds near Savage Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning dove production in southwestern Iowa

Author(s)
McClure, Elliot H.
Pages
64-75
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 250-330 density of breeding pairs pairs/220 acres Both Male and Female Adult 220 acres Lewis, Cass County Exposure Factor Datasets

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density estimated maximum density #/acre Both Male and Female Adult 25 Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Population Density estimated maximum density #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Litter survival of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in nest boxes

Author(s)
Sleeper, Roger A.
Pages
259-260
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 67 survival of juveniles to an age of 4 wks % Both Male and Female Juvenile 19 - 23 litters San Juan Mountains (elev., 3200 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0 - 4 wks
Citation:

Food habits of four species of rodents on a short-grass prairie in Colorado

Author(s)
Flake, Lester D.
Pages
636-647
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition ANIMAL MATTER: Coleoptera adults (11.0); Coleoptera larvae (3.6); Grasshoppers (6.4); Leaf hoppers (13.3); Lepidoptera adults (2.3); Lepidoptera larvae (19.4); Spiders (2.6); PLANT MATTER: Seeds (22.5); Total forbs (4.7) - Kochia scoparia (1.9); Total grasses and sedges (4.0); Total shrubs (3.8). estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 108 Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some rodent populations in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Storer, T.I., F.C. Evans and F.G. Palmer
Pages
166-192
Year
Issue
2
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - Dec. Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition Error
Body Fat (total or %) 100% g Both Male and Female Adult 23 Blue Lake,
75 long., 95 lat. 		Exposure Factor Datasets 2 years Alpine Breeding 0
Citation:

Fat levels in a subarctic population of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Gyug, Les W. and John S. Millar
Pages
1341-1346
Year
Issue
7
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Fat (total or %) see citation see citation for figure of absolute fat content in various breeding conditions g Both Male and Female Adult 6- 23 Heart Lake Biology Station [lat., 61^oN; long., 117^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Basal metabolic rates and thermoregulatory abilities in four small mammals

Author(s)
Tomasi, Thomas E.
Pages
2534-2537
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 2.70 Mean measured as CO2 production at 24C, converted to O2 consumption by 0.8 R.Q. ml 02/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 6 Exposure Factor Datasets Resting 0.07 SE Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)

Citation:

Postnatal growth and development of Peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae

Author(s)
Linzey, A. V.
Pages
152-155
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1.8 g Both Male and Female Neonate 80 Exposure Factor Datasets 0 d 0.02 Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 4.2 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 62 Exposure Factor Datasets 1 wk 0.13 Laboratory
Citation:

Seasonal study of daily torpor in southeastern Peromyscus maniculatus and Peromyscus leucopus from mountains and foothills

Author(s)
Tannenbaum, Michael G. and Edward B. Pivorun
Pages
10-16
Year
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Torpor or Hibernation winter peak occurence of spontaneous torpor Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 59 Macon county, pine-hemlock forest Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative population ecology of Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Wolff, Jerry O.
Pages
1548-1555
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of mean yearly densities over 3 yrs #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles County [lat., 37^010'N; long., 80^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets

San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

Utilizationof natural and man-made habitats by the salt marsh song sparrow Melospiza melodia samuelis (Baird)

Author(s)
Collins, Joshua N., and Vincent H. Resh
Pages
40-52
Year
Issue
1
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size 387; 498; 644 depending upon habitat type m2 Both Male and Female Adult 8-11 Petaluma marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Sonoma
Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 16.6-32.4 (salt marsh), 10.6-13.1 (altered salt marsh), 16.6-24.7 (brackish marsh), 9.1-17.5 (altered brackish marsh) breeding population densities pairs/ha Both Male and Female Adult 26 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Ecology of the peregrine falcon in northeastern Mexico

Author(s)
Lanning, Dirk V., Peter W. Lawson and W. Grainger Hunt
Pages
377-388
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Hatching or Parturition Apr. Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Sierra Madre Oriental, Nuevo Leon Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Hatching Success 1.8 average over 4 yr study period young/successful nesting Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Sierra Madre Oriental, Nuevo Leon Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

The population biology of peregrine falcons in the Northwest Territories, Canada

Author(s)
Court, Gordon S., D. Mark Bradley, C. Cormack Gates, and David A. Boag
Pages
729-739
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 1 pair per 17sq. km pairs Both Male and Female Adult 6 survey years; 17-26 territories per year Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.91 representative number of fledglings per nest attempt in a "normal year" fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 101 pairs Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) Exposure Factor Datasets breeding

California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii formerly Rana aurora ssp. draytonii)

Citation:

Biology of the California red-legged frog: A synopsis

Author(s)
Cook, David
Pages
79-82
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July - Sept. Both Male and Female Tadpole Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota

Author(s)
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud
Pages
766-788
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 6.71 (40) mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The Central, Imperial, and Coachella Valleys of California

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E., Daniel P. Connelly, and Roger L. Pederson
Pages
475-505
Publisher
Texas Tech University Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 4,667 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Francisco Delta Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 389 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Imperial and Coachella Valleys Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food availability and preference of juvenile mallards

Author(s)
Chura, Nicholas J.
Pages
121-134
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Dietary Composition flora (99.9%), fauna (0.08%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 52-60 d
Citation:

The mallard: Its management in western Montana

Author(s)
Girard, G. L.
Pages
233-259
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus); Leafy pondweed (P. foliosus); small pondweed (P. pusillus); smartweed (Polygonum amphibium); widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima); redhead grass (Potamogeton perfoliatus); muskgrass (Chara spp.); duckweeds (Lemna minor and L. trisulca); horned pondweed (Zannichellia palustris); duck potato (Sagittaria arifolia); water spikerush (Eleocharis acicularis) Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported lower Flathead Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Douglas H. Johnson and David E. Sharp
Pages
122-130
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Growth Rate 0.0692 growth rate estimated from logistic growth curve Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0030 (SE)

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of a kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrius) population in an inland saline lake

Author(s)
Fraga, Rosendo M., and Juan A. Amat
Pages
69-85
Year
Issue
1
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 6.33 mean body weight at hatching g Both Male and Female Hatchling 47 Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN 0.56 SD
Clutch or Litter Size 2.69 (1991), 2.54 (1992) mean numbers of chicks hatched per successful nest chicks/nest Both Male and Female Hatchling 26 (1991), 35 (1992) nests Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Hypothesis linking food habits and habitat selection in Peromyscus

Author(s)
Drickamer, Lee C.
Pages
763-766
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 0.854 total weekly consumption rate of a seed diet (see dietary composition dataset) g/g/wk Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 Exposure Factor Datasets 30-60 d Laboratory
Dietary Composition Wheat seeds (0.488 +/- 0.034 SE), Lespedeza seeds (0.376 +/- 0.044 SE), Elm seeds (0.013 +/- 0.004 SE), Maple seeds (0.017 +/- 0.003 SE). weekly consumption rates of seeds g/g/wk Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 Exposure Factor Datasets 30-60 d Laboratory
Citation:

Energetics of the prairie deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii

Author(s)
Morris, John G. and S. Charles Kendeigh
Pages
368-76
Year
Issue
2
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.49 existence metabolic rate for captive animals at 20 C kcal/g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets winter-acclimatized Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 0.592 calculated for free-living animals kcal/g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Molt May - September Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Fledging or Weaning Rate 98 of chicks that hatched % Both Male and Female Fledgling 150 Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

Raptor movements in California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H.
Pages
313-323
Publisher
Hawk Migration Association of North America
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal February (peak) period of spring migration of individuals fledged in northern CA, or at high elevations Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported throughout state Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A study of factors affecting nesting raptor populations in urban ares, Sacramento County, California - 1974

Author(s)
Vincenty, Joseph A., III
Pages
1-21
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report No. 74-5
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.2 fledging rate per successful nest fledglings per nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 17 American River; oak woodlands, grasslands, residential Exposure Factor Datasets Sacramento
Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 79 mean hatchability measured over 4 years % Both Male and Female Hatchling 157 boxes Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1.70 g Both Male and Female Neonate 165 adults captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.02 SE Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 9.91 g Both Male and Female Weanling 151 adults captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.10 SE Laboratory

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Nesting raptors along the Columbia River in north-central Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith and Albert Erickson
Pages
2-8
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 2 pairs/6669 ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Columbia River Exposure Factor Datasets

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Growth rates of some ranids under natural conditions

Author(s)
Ryan, Richard A.
Pages
73-80
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1953
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning yr Both Male and Female Tadpole Not Reported Ithaca Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) invasion of a California river: the role of larval competition

Author(s)
Kupferberg, Sarah J.
Pages
1736-1751
Year
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Population Density 18.2 #/m2 Both Male and Female Tadpole 17 quadrats Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] Exposure Factor Datasets "overwintered" tadpoles Mendocino 13.1 SD
Citation:

Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) cannibalism

Author(s)
Stuart, James N. and Charles W. Painter
Pages
103
Year
Issue
3
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Newly metamorphosed and larval Rana (87%), Aquatic snails (5%), Adult and larval aquatic Coleoptera (3%), Adult and larval Odonata (3%), Other (2%) Total percent volume of stomach contents, frog snout-vent length range = 90 - 190 mm Both Male and Female Adult 138 Wall Lake, southeast Catron County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Intersexual differences in growth, mortality, and size at maturity in bullfrogs in central Ontario

Author(s)
Shirose, L.J., R.J. Brooks, J.R. Barta and S.S. Desser
Pages
2363-2369
Year
Issue
12
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity Maximum estimated age yr Both Male and Female Adult 567 Algonquin Provincal Park, Ontario [lat., 45^o35'N; long., 78^o30'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Bats of America

Author(s)
Barbour, R.W. and W.H. Davis
Pages
285
Publisher
University of Kentucky Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nocturnal and seasonal activities of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus

Author(s)
O'Shea, Thomas J. and Terry A. Vaughn
Pages
269-284
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal August juvenile dispersal Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Camp Verde, Yavapai County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Vocal communication in the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus

Author(s)
Brown, Patricia
Pages
34-54
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate 25 increase in body weight over time (to adult weight) g/2-3 mo Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 bats Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Growth of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi) in Nevada

Author(s)
Medica, Philip A., R. Bruce Bury and Frederick B. Turner
Pages
639-643
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1975
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean BW = 0.000258(PL)^2.98 Body weight (BW; 30-3000g) to plastron length (PL; 30-300 mm) relationship g Both Male and Female Not Reported 83 Rock Valley, Nye County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Changes in desert tortoise populations at four study sites in California

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H., Lori L. Nicholson, Steve Juarez and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
60-80
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of 95% confidence intervals #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2 yrs Colorado desert, Chemehuevi Wash and Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and Craig L. Lyons
Pages
811-820
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1984
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality range of annual mortality rates from 1980 and 1981 % Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density adult density #/260 ha Both Male and Female Adult 361 foxes Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Functional and numerical responses of kit foxes to a short-term decline in mammalian prey

Author(s)
White, Patrick J., Callie A. Vanderbilt White and Katherine Ralls
Pages
370-376
Year
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition deer mice (10.8%), kangaroo rats (8.4%), pocket gophers (2.9%), pocket mice (20.0%), woodrats (0.6%), ground squirrels (6.4%), birds (7.5%), insects (33.5%), leporids (4.7%), reptiles (2.0%), percentage occurrence of prey types in feces % Both Male and Female Adult 834 feces Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)

Citation:

Population dynamics of the kit fox in western Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
122-127
Year
Issue
3
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal late summer time of juvenile dispersal from natal territory Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported western Utah Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora

Citation:

Food and feeding behavior of sympatric red-legged frogs, Rana aurora, and spotted frogs, Rana pretiosa in southwestern British Columbia

Author(s)
Licht, Lawrence E.
Pages
22-31
Year
Issue
1
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition see citation frequency of occurrence and food item abundance of 53 items (family level and prey lifestage) in stomach contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 26-104/lifestage White Rock, British Columbia [lat., 49^o02'N; long., 122^o39'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Reproduction and development of the red-legged frog, Rana aurora, in northwestern Washington

Author(s)
Brown, Herbert A.
Pages
241-252
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Apr. Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Lake Louise Wildlife Sanctuary, Bellingham, Whatcom county (elev., 120m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Field metabolism of lizards from lower altitude regions of Baja California Sur (Mexico)

Author(s)
Grenot, Claude J., Patricia Galina-Tessaro and Sergio Alvarez-Cardenas
Pages
11-23
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 2.4 g Both Male and Female Adult 5 El Comitan, Baja California Sur Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO 0.4 SE

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Seasonal variations in activity, aerobic energetic capacities, and plasma thryoid hormones (T3 and T4) in an iguanid lizard

Author(s)
John-Alder, Henry B.
Pages
409-419
Year
Volume
154
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate range of standard metabolic rates (oxygen consumption) measured at 40C, predicted for 50 g animal, at 5 collection dates ml O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 11-21/date Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Growth Rate 11.8 increase in snout-vent length before retreat in Oct. mm/mo Both Male and Female Hatchling 2 Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

Reproduction in the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R. and Robert L. Bezy
Pages
350-360
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Mar. - June time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Clemente, San Nicolas and Santa Barbara Islands Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Multiple egg clutches in Hyla regilla, H. cinerea and H. gratiosa

Author(s)
Perrill, Stephen A. and Richard E. Daniel
Pages
513-516
Year
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - June time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult 85 pairs in amplexus San Diego Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Ecology of the California ground squirrel on grazing lands

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
559-596
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 2.3 five year average #/acre Both Male and Female Adult 275 San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hibernation and sociality in the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Dobson, F. Stephen and David E. Davis
Pages
416-421
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Torpor or Hibernation see citation figure of seasonal activity patterns, including hibernation Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Santa Barbara; Bell Ranch; Hastings Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption during steady-state swimming in California sea lions

Author(s)
Butler, P. J., A. J. Woakes, I.L. Boyd and S. Kanatous
Pages
35-42
Year
Volume
170
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 32.2 kg Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.6 SE Laboratory

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Hatching Success 2.8 proportion of eggs hatched per nest among successful nests eggs/nest Both Male and Female Hatchling 32 nests St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2 SE

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Water economy of two desert canids: Coyote and kit fox

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
51-58
Year
Issue
1
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 115 estimated daily food intake based on a desert kangaroo diet (7.38 kJ/g wet wt) and calculated daily energy requirements (see Golightly, 1981) g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Western Skink (Eumeces skiltonianus)

Citation:

A taxonomic and ecological study of the western skink (Eumeces skiltonianus)

Author(s)
Tanner, Wilmer W.
Pages
59-94
Year
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 4 g Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets 4 wk Inyo

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Second wave nesting of the California least tern: age composition and reproductive success

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W. and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
596-605
Year
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying May-early Jul (first wave), late May-Aug (second wave) nesting periods of early (first wave) and late (second wave) birds Both Male and Female Adult 8-10 pairs (first wave), 29 pairs (second wave) NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Red-spotted Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. concinnus)

Citation:

Some observations on the natural history of two Oregon garter snakes (Genus Thamnophis)

Author(s)
Stewart, Glenn R.
Pages
71-86
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - Apr. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Willamette Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)

Citation:

Activity rhythms in the shrews, Sorex sinuosus Grinnell and Sorex trowbridgii Baird

Author(s)
Rust, Aileen K.
Pages
369-382
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 1.81 g/g/d Both Male and Female Adult 5 captured at San Pablo Bay, Sonoma CA Exposure Factor Datasets non-breeding 0.10 SE Laboratory

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - June Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Growth and development of Dipodomys stephensi

Author(s)
Lackey, James A.
Pages
624-632
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 10 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 16 Exposure Factor Datasets 5 d Laboratory

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality see citation figure of seasonal changes in minimum survival rate %/28d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size nesting territory size ha Both Male and Female Adult 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Natural history of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Author(s)
Barlow, Jon C.
Pages
243-296
Year
Issue
5
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Territory Size range in sizes of areas used by nesting pairs ac Both Male and Female Adult 9 pairs Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

Behavior of the bush-tit in the breeding season

Author(s)
Addicott, Alice B.
Pages
49-63
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size approximate range of nesting territory diameters yd Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides)

Citation:

Dipodomys nitratoides

Author(s)
Best, Troy L.
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
381
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Reproduction in captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
452-455
Year
Issue
2
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Hatching or Parturition second half of July second estrus Both Male and Female 4 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows Part II: Density, Age Structure, and Maintanance

Author(s)
Johnston, Richard F.
Pages
254-272
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 eggs/pair/year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Citation:

Reproductive success of grassland birds at east-central Illinois airports

Author(s)
Kershner, Eric L., and Eric K. Bollinger
Pages
358-366
Year
Volume
136
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.44 proportion of nests that fledged at least one young Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests airports in east-central IL Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Territory sizes of song sparrows, Melospiza melodia, in rural and suburban habitats

Author(s)
DeGraaf, Richard M.
Pages
43-47
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Territory Size 0.21;0.26 rural; suburban ha Both Male and Female Adult 10 territories Amherst MA, 42 deg.22' N., 72 deg. 30' W Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. arizonae)

Citation:

The breeding biology of the desert cottontail in the Phoenix region, Arizona

Author(s)
Stout, Gene G.
Pages
47-51
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 minimum age for breeding mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Phoenix Exposure Factor Datasets

Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris)

Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 15.6-27.4 (brackish marsh), 9.1-20.5 (altered brackish marsh) breeding population densities pairs/ha Both Male and Female Adult 11 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding

Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum)

Citation:

Interaction between introduced trout and larval salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in high-elevation lakes

Author(s)
Tyler, Torrey, William J. Liss, Lisa M. Ganio, Gary L. Larson, Robert Hoffman, Elisabeth Deimling and Gregg Lomnicky
Pages
94-105
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of larval density estimates in 8 fishless lakes utilizing 3 survey methodologies during day and night larvae/100 m shoreline Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported North Cascades National Park Service Complex Exposure Factor Datasets

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Population estimates of breeding birds in North Dakota

Author(s)
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud
Pages
766-788
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 3.26 (24) mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) Exposure Factor Datasets
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