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Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

DDE: Interference with extra-renal salt excretion in the mallard

Author(s)
Friend, M., M.A. Haegele and R. Wilson
Pages
49-53
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 36-67% decrease @ 10-1000 ppm salt gland excretion volume, compared to controls Male Not Reported 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Subacute dietary toxicities of dicrotophos and dieldrin in time-replicated trials with young ring-necked pheasants and mallards

Author(s)
Hill, E.F.
Pages
105-120
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DICROTOPHOS decreased @ 55 and 145 ppm consumption of treated diet compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 5 days Laboratory
DICROTOPHOS 506.7 (coeff. of variation = 40.3%) 5 day dietary LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 8-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 days Laboratory
Citation:

Bioconcentration of organophosphorus pesticides to hazardous levels by amphibians

Author(s)
Hall, Russell J. and Elizabeth Kolbe
Pages
853-860
Year
Issue
4
Volume
6
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ACEPHATE 109.7% @ 5mg/L brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 4-5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 weeks old Laboratory
PARATHION 100% @ 1 mg/L percent mortality Not Reported Juvenile 6/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 weeks old Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of asulam in wildlife species: Acute toxicity to birds and fish

Author(s)
Ingham, Brian and Michael A. Gallo
Pages
194-199
Year
Issue
2
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ASULAM decreased @ all doses body weight gain by day 8 compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) decreased @ all doses food consumption compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of malathion, diazinon, and parathion on mallard embryo development and cholinesterase activity

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
472-485
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
MALATHION decreased @ 125 lb/acre crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 8 of incubation Laboratory
DIAZINON decreased @ 2.0 lb/acre crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 8 of incubation Laboratory
Citation:

Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James and Steven P. Bradbury
Pages
885-897
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ACEPHATE 11/36 mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Some evidence for an effect of ingested petroleum on the fertility of the mallard drake (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Holmes, W.N. and K.P. Cavanaugh
Pages
898-901
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease % fertile eggs and # of ducklings; when male, female or both male and female exposed to oil, compared to control Female Adult 3 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 5.5 mo at initiation Laboratory
Citation:

Some effects of DDE and PCB on mallards and their eggs

Author(s)
Risebrough, Robert W. and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
508-513
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 17% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 10 hens /dose; 8 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) 19% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 10 hens/dose; 8 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

South Louisiana crude oil or DDE in the diet of mallard hens: effects on egg quality

Author(s)
Vangilder, Larry D. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
328-336
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) no effect egg weight, length or breadth, compared to control Female Adult 21-25/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of ingested lead on antibody production in mallards (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Trust, Kimberly A., Michael W. Miller, James K. Ringelman and Ian M. Orme
Pages
316-322
Year
Issue
3
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased @ 1 #four shot mortality rate by 15 d post-dose versus controls Male Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased @ 1 #four shot, 7, 14, 21 d. post-dose agglutination titers to sheep red blood cells versus controls Male Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Biochemical assessment of cyanide-induced toxicity in migratory birds from gold mining hazardous waste ponds

Author(s)
Pritsos, Chris A. and Juntao Ma
Pages
203-209
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CYANIDE decreased @ 0.5,1,2 mg/kg bw respiratory control ratios in heart, liver and brain versus controls Female Adult at least 5 determinations/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of industrial effluents, heavy metals, and organic solvents on mallard embryo development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
35-40
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
FUEL OILS decreased @ 0.5, 5 ul/egg on incubation day 3 or 8 embryo survival to day 18 of incubation and % of survivors that were normal versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 or 8 days of incubation (time of treatment) Laboratory
FUEL OILS decreased @ 0.5 ul/egg, incubation day 3 or 8 exposure embyronic length and weight by incubation day 18 versus controls Not Reported Embryo 30 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 or 8 days of incubation (time of treatment) Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of 15 common environmental pollutants on eggshell thickness in mallards and coturnix

Author(s)
Haegele, Max A. and Richard K. Tucker
Pages
98-102
Year
Issue
1
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254 decreased @ 1000 mg/kg bw post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness Female Adult 5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROETHYLMERCURY decreased @ 500 mg/kg bw post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness Female Adult 5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Histopathologic efffects of dietary cadmium on kidneys and testes of mallard ducks

Author(s)
White, Donald H., Mack T. Finley and John F. Ferrell
Pages
551-558
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE decreased @ 200 ppm weight of testes versus controls Male Adult 5 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets first year Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 200 ppm incidence of kidney lesions versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets first year Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of arsenate on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Camardese, Michael B., David J. Hoffman, Leonard J. LeCaptain and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
785-795
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ARSENATE, SODIUM increased @ 10, 100, 300 ppm incidence of altered brain and liver biochemistry Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
ARSENATE, SODIUM increased @ 100 ppm ( 0.3 ppm, dry wt), 300 ppm (1.3 ppm, dry wt) arsenic concentrations in liver (geometric means in parentheses) Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary nickel on mallards

Author(s)
Eastin, William C., Jr. and Thomas J. O'Shea
Pages
883-892
Year
Volume
7
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
NICKEL SULFATE increased @ 12.5, 50, 200, 800 ppm diet kidney, blood, liver, and feather concentrations of Ni compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
NICKEL SULFATE 1.94 (kidney), 0.52 (liver), 0.139 (blood), 68.06 (feathers) ppm, wet wt mean tissue concentrations @ 800 ppm Ni in diet Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxic effects of natural saline waters on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Mitcham, S.A. and G. Wobeser
Pages
45-50
Year
Issue
1
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SALINE WATER decreased @ 4000 or 7720 umhos/cm body weight by day 14 or 16 versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 d Laboratory
SALINE WATER increased plasma protein levels; serum osmolality; salt, kidney and adrenal gland size versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 10 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 d Laboratory
Citation:

Teratogenic effects of external egg applications of methyl mercury in the mallard, Anas platyrynchos

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and John M. Moore
Pages
453-462
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased @ 27, 90 ug Hg embryo crown to rump length by day 18 of incubation versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 80 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets incubation day 3 Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE decreased @ 9, 27, 90 ug Hg % survival by day 18 of incubation versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 80 eggs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets incubation day 3 Laboratory
Citation:

Hepatic glutathione metabolism and lipid peroxidation in response to excess dietary selenomethionine and selenite in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Gary H. Heinz and Alexander J. Krynitsky
Pages
263-271
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 20, 40 ppm hepatic malondialdehyde concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
SELENITE, SODIUM increased @ 40 ppm hepatic malondialdehyde concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
Citation:

Sublethal effects of cadmium ingestion on mallard ducks

Author(s)
Di Giulio, Richard T. and Patrick F. Scanlon
Pages
765-771
Year
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 450 ppm plasma uric acid, adrenal corticosterone levels Not Reported Adult 12 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect food consumption compared to controls Not Reported Adult 12 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Interactive effects of boron, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Caroline J. Sanderson, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Eugene Cromartie and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
288-294
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 60 ppm Se body, liver, and spleen weight; tarsus length versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 60 ppm Se (100% mort.) survival versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of age on sensitivity: Acute oral toxicity of 14 pesticides to mallard ducks of several ages

Author(s)
Hudson, R.H., R.K. Tucker and M.A. Haegele
Pages
556-561
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) 130 (80.4-210), 30.8 (23.3-40.6), 70.7 (37.6-133) LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos Laboratory
ENDOSULFAN 6.47 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 days Laboratory
MEXACARBATE 3.16 (2.17-4.61), 4.11 (2.70-6.26), 3.61 (2.37-5.49), 3.23 (2.72-3.85), 2.72(2.28-3.23) LD50's determined at ages 48 hr, 7 d, 14 d, 30 d and 60 d, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of organic and inorganic selenium to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman and L.G. Gold
Pages
561-568
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENITE, SODIUM 18(4.8) ppm, wet wt @ 40 ppm; 6.9(2.07) ppm, wet wt @ 80 ppm mean liver concentrations (SE) in ducklings fed selenite that died Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE 60(14.2) ppm, wet wt @ 40 ppm; 51(5.2) ppm, wet wt @ 80 ppm mean liver concentrations (SE) in ducklings fed selenomethionine that died Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDE feeding and plasma osmoregulation in ducks, guillemots and puffins

Author(s)
Miller, David S., William B. Kinter, David B. Peakall and Robert W. Risebrough
Pages
370-376
Year
Volume
231
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 10.6 +/- 2.2 ppm nasal gland, 16.1 +/- 5.1 ppm liver, 5.8 +/- 1.1 ppm kidney, 1.9 +/- 0.1 ppm brain @ 100 ppm diet mean (+/- SE) DDE levels (ppm wet weight) Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets 3-5 mo Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) no effect nasal gland secretion volume Both Male and Female Juvenile 5-11 Toxicity Factor Datasets 3-5 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of petroleum on adrenocortical activity and on hepatic naphthalene-metabolizing activity in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Gorsline, J. and W.N. Holmes
Pages
765-777
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase @ 3% body weight Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 wks Laboratory
CRUDE OILS increase @ 1 and 3% daily food intake rate Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 wks Laboratory
Citation:

Toxic effects of boron on mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Smith, Gregory J. and Velora P. Anders
Pages
943-950
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
BORIC ACID decrease @ 30, 300, 1000 ppm hatchling weight gain over 21 d, compared to controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 11-23/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
BORIC ACID Egg; 3 ug/g @ 30 ppm, 13 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 49 ug/g @ 1000 ppm: Liver; 15 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 33 ug/g @ 1000 ppm: Brain; 14 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 41 ug/g @ 1000 ppm boron concentrations in adult tissues (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight). Both Male and Female Adult 10-20/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dispersant and crude oil ingestion on mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Eastin, W.C. Jr. and B.A. Rattner
Pages
273-278
Year
Volume
29
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
COREXIT 9527 increase plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, compared to control Not Reported Juvenile 25/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 4 d Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of trimethyltin and triethyltin to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Elwood F. Hill and Jeffrey J. Momot
Pages
255-260
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE increase @ 50 ppm incidence of mild to marked degeneration of neurons of the pons, medulla oblongata, gray matter of the spinal cord and pyrimidal cells of the cerebral cortex; mild to moderate lympoid depletion of spleen and thymus; atrophy of myofibers in skeletal and ca Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 3-4 d Laboratory
TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE decrease @ 50 ppm body weight, compared to control Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 3-4 d Laboratory
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE 17% decrease @ 5 ppm body weight Not Reported 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 3-4 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of Aroclor 1254 on the thyroid gland, immune function and hepatic cytochrome P450 activity in mallards

Author(s)
Fowles, Jefferson R., Anne Fairbrother, Kimberly A. Trust and Nancy I. Kerkvliet
Pages
119-129
Year
Volume
75
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
AROCLOR 1254 increased @ 100, 250, 500 mg/kg bw thyroid wt/body wt and liver wt/body wt ratios versus controls Male Adult 6-12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of emamectin benzoate to mallard duck and northern bobwhite quail

Author(s)
Chukwudebe, Amechi C., Joann B. Beavers, Mark Jaber, and Peter G. Wislocki
Pages
1118-1123
Year
Issue
6
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 76 mg/kg bw, 56-102 (95% CI) acute oral LD50 Both Male and Female Adult 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 19 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of boron and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival

Author(s)
Stanley, Thomas R., Jr., Gregory J. Smith, David J. Hoffman, Gary H. Heinz, and Roger Rosscoe
Pages
1124-1132
Year
Issue
7
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 900 ppm B liver weight versus 450 ppm B group Male Adult 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman, L. Sileo, D.J. Audet, and L.J. LeCaptain
Pages
323-333
Year
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 828 ug/g hemoglobin concentrations versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 5 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 869 and 954 ug/g delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity versus corn or complete diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 7 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Methylmercury chloride and selenomethionine interactions on health and reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H., and David J. Hoffman
Pages
139-145
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of mercury and selenium on glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress in mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., and Gary H. Heinz
Pages
161-166
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE 3.4(0.22) ppm @ 10 ppm Se; 5.2(0.44) ppm @ 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se mean (SE) wet wt Se concentrations in brain Male Adult 12/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of ingested bismuth alloy shot in game-farm mallards: Chronic health effects and effects on reproduction

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Karen L. Duncan, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey D. Brawn and James W. Seets
Pages
217-252
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no effect with Fe or Bi egg weight, eggshell thickness, fertility, hatchability versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity in the wild mallard duckling caused by organophosphorus insecticides cyanofenphos and leptophos

Author(s)
Soliman, S.A., N.S. Ahmed, K.S. El-Gendy, A.S. El-Bakary and A.H. El-Sebae
Pages
401-411
Year
Issue
5
Volume
B21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CYANOFENPHOS increased incidence of delayed neurotoxicity signs Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 week Laboratory
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and elimination in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., G.W. Pendleton, A.J. Krynitsky and L.G. Gold
Pages
374-379
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE liver: 18.7 d
muscle: 30.1 d 		half life of selenium in tissues Both Male and Female Adult 3 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxic, neurochemical and behavioral effects of dieldrin exposure in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Sharma, R.P., D.S. Winn and J.B. Low
Pages
43-53
Year
Issue
1
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN increased@ 4, 10, 30 ppm hepatic microsomal enzyme activity versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 5-15 per group Toxicity Factor Datasets 75 days Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of cadmium ingestion and food restriction on energy metabolism and tissue metal concentrations in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Di Giulio, R.T. and P.F. Scanlon
Pages
433-444
Year
Volume
37
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 10, 50 ug/g diet kidney Cu concentration versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Lead poisoning in six captive avian species

Author(s)
Beyer, W.N., J.W. Spann, L. Sileo and J.C. Franson
Pages
121-130
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD ACETATE increased iron concentration in liver versus controls Male Adult 10 (controls); 30 (treated) Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparison of the effects of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-D,L-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and David J. Hoffman
Pages
169-175
Year
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect incidence of illness versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Aroclor 1242 and reproductive success of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Haseltine, Susan D. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1242 no effect @ 150 ppm embryo mortality, # infertile eggs/clutch or # eggs hatched/clutch Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of aqueous and dietary exposure of dieldrin on survival, growth and bioconcentration in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Nebeker, Alan V., William L. Griffis, Thomas W. Stutzman, Gerald S. Schuytema, Lori A. Carey and Susan M. Scherer
Pages
687-699
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN 16.4 ug/g diet 24-d LOAEL based on growth impairment Not Reported Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 - 25 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of ingested petroleum on the plasma prolactin levels during incubation and on the breeding success of paired mallard ducks

Author(s)
Cavanaugh, K.P., A.R. Goldsmith, W.N. Holmes and B.K. Follett
Pages
335-341
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase length of reproductive cycle; due to prolonged phase of gonadal maturation Female Adult 17 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Elimination of endrin by mallard ducks

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and Richard W. Johnson
Pages
189-196
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ENDRIN see citation figures of carcass and blood endrin concentrations during elimination period (0-64d) Male Adult 2-5/sample Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds in the wild mallard duckling: Effect of leptophos

Author(s)
Herin, R.A., A.A. Komeil, Doyle G. Graham, A. Curley and M.B. Abou-Donia
Pages
233-240
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 260 ppm body weight growth compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of plumage contamination with crude oil dispersant mixtures on thermoregulation in common eiders and mallards

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro and Morten Ekker
Pages
398-403
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS increase metabolic heat production (watts/kg), compared to pre-contamination levels Not Reported Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic ingestion of south Louisiana crude oil on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Szaro, Robert C., Michael P. Dieter, Gary H. Heinz and John F. Ferrell
Pages
426-436
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 5% growth rate, estimated as change in body weight, compared to control Both Male and Female Juvenile 50/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative toxicity of lead shot in black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Rattner, Barnett A., W. James Fleming and Christine M. Bunck
Pages
175-183
Year
Issue
2
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decreased body weight and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity versus controls Male Adult 20/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
261-269
Year
Issue
3
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect body weight and food consumption versus controls Both Male and Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
Citation:

Bunker C fuel oil reduces mallard egg hatchability

Author(s)
Szaro, Robert C.
Pages
731-732
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
FUEL OILS decrease @ 5, 10, 20, 50 ul 6-day % survival of mallard embryos from eggs treated on the 8th day of incubation Not Reported Embryo 50/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 8d of incubation Laboratory

Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas formerly Bufo boreas)

Citation:

Toxicity of mine drainage to embryonic and larval boreal toads (Bufonidae: Bufo boreas)

Author(s)
Porter, Kenneth R and Dean E. Hakanson
Pages
327-331
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1976
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
IRON SULFATE increase @ 30-288 mg/l Not Reported Juvenile 5-25/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets larvae Laboratory

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Chlorinated benzenes as physiological markers for coyotes

Author(s)
Johnston, John J., Lamar A. Windberg, Carol A. Furcolow, Richard M. Engeman and Marianna Roetto
Pages
410-421
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PENTACHLOROBENZENE no effect mean body mass and appearance of eyes, gums, teeth and fur, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory
PENTACHLOROBENZENE no effect serum chemistry and hematological profile, compared to control Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Comparative effects of ammonium and nitrate compounds on Pacific treefrog and African clawed frog embryos

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S. and A.V. Nebeker
Pages
200-206
Year
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AMMONIUM SULFATE 6.1 NOAEL for body weight mg NH4-N/L Not Reported Embryo 10/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative Toxicity of Guthion and Guthion 2S to Xenopus laevis and Pseudacris regilla tadpoles

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S., A.V. Nebeker and W.L. Griffis
Pages
382-388
Year
Volume
54
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION) 9.67 mg/l LOAEL Not Reported Tadpole 10 tadpoles/replicate; 2 replicates/dose; 5 doses Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 wk Laboratory

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Reproductive and morphological effects of o,p-dicofol on two generations of captive American kestrels

Author(s)
MacLellan, K.N.M., D.M. Bird, D.M. Fry, and J.L. Cowles
Pages
364-372
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL no effect eggshell thickness for breeding female offspring of dicofol-treated females versus controls Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls to Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Elliot, John E., Sean W. Kennedy, Angela Lorenzen
Pages
57-75
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254 decreased after 4 weeks liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity versus controls Female Adult 4/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Biochemical and hematological effects of lead ingestion in nestling American kestrels

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., J. Christian Franson, Oliver H. Pattee, Christine M. Bunck, and Helen C. Murray
Pages
431-439
Year
Issue
2
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decrease at 125, 625 mg/kg bw (71-79%) kidney delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Methyl parathion and fenvalerate toxicity in American kestrels: acute physiological responses and effects of cold

Author(s)
Rattner, Barnett A. and J. Christian Franson
Pages
787-792
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLPARATHION increase at 3 mg/kg bw mortality rate 2 hr post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Dietary exposure of kestrels to lead

Author(s)
Stendell, Rey C.
Pages
527-530
Year
Issue
2
Volume
44
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) 0.367 (0.129 SE) ppm at 49 mg/d mean lead concentration (wet wt) in liver Female Adult 3/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Synergistic effects of Aroclor 1254 on the semen characteristics of American kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., P.H. Tucker, G.A. Fox and P.C. Lague
Pages
633-640
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, MIREX 20.3% decrease @ 8 ppm mirex + 33 ppm Aroclor sperm concentration Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Uptake and loss of white phosphorus in American kestrels

Author(s)
Nam, Sae-Im, B.D. Roebuck and Marianne E. Walsh
Pages
837-841
Year
Issue
4
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) no effect occurence of phosphorus intoxication symptoms Not Reported Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation

Author(s)
Powell, Debra, Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Don E. Tillitt, Mary E. Kelly, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Mark J. Melancon, Scott D. Fitzgerald, and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
2035-2040
Year
Issue
10
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) increased @ all doses hepatic EROD activity in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs

Author(s)
Powell, Debra C., Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Donald E. Tillit, Jon F. Powell, Janelle C. Restum, Kenneth L. Stromborg, John P. Giesy and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
1450-1455
Year
Issue
7
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect weight of brain, heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Effects of low concentrations of forest-use pesticides on frog embryos and tadpoles

Author(s)
Berrill, Michael, Susan Bertram, Lise McGillivray, Mark Kolohon and Bruce Pauli
Pages
657-664
Year
Issue
4
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
HEXAZINONE no effect hatching success Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 3 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo; midneurulation stage Laboratory
Citation:

Teratogenesis, toxicity and bioaccumulation in frogs exposed to dieldrin

Author(s)
Schuytema, Gerald S., Alan V. Nebeker, William L. Griffis and Karsten N. Wilson
Pages
332-350
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN 34.4 ug/l (95% CL: 31.1 - 38.1 ug/l) LC50 Not Reported Embryo 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets embryo-larvae, 11d Laboratory
DIELDRIN 30.3 ug/l (95% CL: 26.2 - 35.2 ug/l) LC50 Not Reported Tadpole 20 animals/replicate; 4 replicates/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 29 d Laboratory
Citation:

Behavioral and histopathological effects of fluoranthene on bullfrog larvae (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Walker, Sean E., Douglas H. Taylor and James T. Oris
Pages
734-739
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
FLUORANTHENE increase @ 37.97 ug/l total distance travelled Not Reported Tadpole 20/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Influence of feeding chlorocholine chloride and glyphosine on selected immune parameters in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Olson, Leon J. and Ronald D. Hinsdill
Pages
103-114
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
GLYPHOSATE no effect reciprocal of hemolysin titer (against sheep rbc) Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicological foundations of ecological risk assessment: biomarker development and interpretration based on laboratory and wildlife species

Author(s)
Dickerson, Richard L., Michael J. Hooper, Nicholas W. Gard, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
65-69
Year
Issue
Supp.
Volume
102
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLCHLORANTHRENE (3-) 1.24 mg/kg/d ED50 for ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 - 8 wk Laboratory

Citation:

Acute toxicity of four anticholinesterase insecticides to American kestrels, eastern screech owls, and northern bobwhites

Author(s)
Wiemeyer, Stanley N. and Donald W. Sparling
Pages
1139-1148
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
MONOCROTOPHOS 89% (2.7 SD) mean brain cholinesterase depression (relative to control) in birds that died in 8 hrs post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris)

Citation:

The toxicity of p,p'-DDT to the clapper rail

Author(s)
Van Velzen, Aldeen and J.F. Kreitzer
Pages
305-309
Year
Issue
2
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 42.9 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that died Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Tissue lead concentrations and blood characteristics of mourning doves from southwestern Virginia

Author(s)
Kendall, Ronald J. and Patrick F. Scanlon
Pages
269-272
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decreased blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity Not Reported Not Reported 5 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of PCBs on mourning dove courtship behavior

Author(s)
Tori, Gildo M. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
44-49
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
AROCLOR 1254 increased at 10, 40 ppm length of courtship period Both Male and Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets breeding Laboratory
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