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American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Dietary exposure of kestrels to lead

Author(s)
Stendell, Rey C.
Pages
527-530
Year
Issue
2
Volume
44
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) 0.367 (0.129 SE) ppm at 49 mg/d mean lead concentration (wet wt) in liver Female Adult 3/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Synergistic effects of Aroclor 1254 on the semen characteristics of American kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., P.H. Tucker, G.A. Fox and P.C. Lague
Pages
633-640
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, MIREX 20.3% decrease @ 8 ppm mirex + 33 ppm Aroclor sperm concentration Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Uptake and loss of white phosphorus in American kestrels

Author(s)
Nam, Sae-Im, B.D. Roebuck and Marianne E. Walsh
Pages
837-841
Year
Issue
4
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) no effect occurence of phosphorus intoxication symptoms Not Reported Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Growth of body components in parent- and hand-reared captive kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, David M. and Robert G. Clark
Pages
77-84
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate 0.250 growth rate of body weight in parent-reared birds Male Nestling 11 birds Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Growth Rate 0.239 growth rate of body weight in parent-reared birds Female Nestling 8 birds Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Longevity in a captive sparrow hawk

Author(s)
Kuyt, E.
Pages
197
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Longevity 12 yr Not Reported Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Food Ingestion Rate averages of food amounts eaten per day g Both Male and Female Not Reported 3 birds Exposure Factor Datasets captive Laboratory

Citation:

Acute toxicity of four anticholinesterase insecticides to American kestrels, eastern screech owls, and northern bobwhites

Author(s)
Wiemeyer, Stanley N. and Donald W. Sparling
Pages
1139-1148
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
MONOCROTOPHOS 89% (2.7 SD) mean brain cholinesterase depression (relative to control) in birds that died in 8 hrs post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Effects of cadmium ingestion and food restriction on energy metabolism and tissue metal concentrations in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Di Giulio, R.T. and P.F. Scanlon
Pages
433-444
Year
Volume
37
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 10, 50 ug/g diet kidney Cu concentration versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Lead poisoning in six captive avian species

Author(s)
Beyer, W.N., J.W. Spann, L. Sileo and J.C. Franson
Pages
121-130
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD ACETATE increased iron concentration in liver versus controls Male Adult 10 (controls); 30 (treated) Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of trimethyltin and triethyltin to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Elwood F. Hill and Jeffrey J. Momot
Pages
255-260
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE decrease @ 50 ppm body weight, compared to control Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 3-4 d Laboratory
Citation:

Comparison of the effects of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-D,L-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction in mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and David J. Hoffman
Pages
169-175
Year
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE no effect incidence of illness versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Aroclor 1242 and reproductive success of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Haseltine, Susan D. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1242 no effect @ 150 ppm embryo mortality, # infertile eggs/clutch or # eggs hatched/clutch Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolizable energy of small grains for mallards

Author(s)
Sugden, Lawson G.
Pages
781-785
Year
Issue
4
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 43.35 The value is an average calculated from average intake on eight different diets. See table 1 p. 783 for specific diet averages. grams/duck/day Male Juvenile 12 Exposure Factor Datasets 18 - 20 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Heart and body growth in ducks

Author(s)
Gille, U. and F.V. Salomon
Pages
75-81
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate 1.81%/d maximum growth rate relative to asymptotic weight Male Juvenile 48 Exposure Factor Datasets 0-154 d Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Toxicological foundations of ecological risk assessment: biomarker development and interpretration based on laboratory and wildlife species

Author(s)
Dickerson, Richard L., Michael J. Hooper, Nicholas W. Gard, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
65-69
Year
Issue
Supp.
Volume
102
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLCHLORANTHRENE (3-) 1.24 mg/kg/d ED50 for ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 - 8 wk Laboratory
Citation:

Energetics of lactation in Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Millar, John S.
Pages
1015 - 1019
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition Lab
Food Ingestion Rate FI = 2.44 + 0.05 W equation relating food intake (FI; g/d) to body weight (W; g) g/d Female Adult 42 Exposure Factor Datasets non-breeding Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1.65 (1d); 2.37 (4d); 3.59 (7d); 4.81 (10d); 5.88 (13d); 6.70 (16d); 7.39 (19d); 8.40 (22d) mean body weights for young of different ages (1-22d) from litter sizes of 2-7 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 40 litters Exposure Factor Datasets 1 - 22d Laboratory
Citation:

Relationship between metabolic rate and energy expenditure for lactation in Peromyscus

Author(s)
Glazier, Douglas S.
Pages
587-590
Year
Issue
4
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 14.5 g Not Reported Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 SE Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 4.3 pups/litter Female Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.36 SE Laboratory

Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris)

Citation:

The toxicity of p,p'-DDT to the clapper rail

Author(s)
Van Velzen, Aldeen and J.F. Kreitzer
Pages
305-309
Year
Issue
2
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 42.9 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that died Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs

Author(s)
Powell, Debra C., Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Donald E. Tillit, Jon F. Powell, Janelle C. Restum, Kenneth L. Stromborg, John P. Giesy and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
1450-1455
Year
Issue
7
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) no effect weight of brain, heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Tissue lead concentrations and blood characteristics of mourning doves from southwestern Virginia

Author(s)
Kendall, Ronald J. and Patrick F. Scanlon
Pages
269-272
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decreased blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity Not Reported Not Reported 5 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of PCBs on mourning dove courtship behavior

Author(s)
Tori, Gildo M. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
44-49
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
AROCLOR 1254 increased at 10, 40 ppm length of courtship period Both Male and Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets breeding Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolic responses of mourning doves to short-term food and temperature stresses in winter

Author(s)
Ivacic, Donald L. and Ronald F. Labisky
Pages
182-196
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 140.4 mean body weight g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 6 captured at Dundee, IL Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 10.5 SD Laboratory

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Comparative Toxicity of Guthion and Guthion 2S to Xenopus laevis and Pseudacris regilla tadpoles

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S., A.V. Nebeker and W.L. Griffis
Pages
382-388
Year
Volume
54
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION) 9.67 mg/l LOAEL Not Reported Tadpole 10 tadpoles/replicate; 2 replicates/dose; 5 doses Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 wk Laboratory

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Behavioral and histopathological effects of fluoranthene on bullfrog larvae (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Walker, Sean E., Douglas H. Taylor and James T. Oris
Pages
734-739
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
FLUORANTHENE increase @ 37.97 ug/l total distance travelled Not Reported Tadpole 20/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Relationships among cutaneous surface area, cutaneous mass, and body mass in frogs: A reappraisal

Author(s)
Talbot, Colleen R. and Martin E. Feder
Pages
1135-1147
Year
Issue
6
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Surface Area Log SA = 0.923 + (0.711Log BW) SA = Total Surface Area in cm2; BW = body weight in grams wet weight; Log base 10; surface area estimated from removed skin of frogs ranging from 40 - 442 g cm2 Not Reported Adult 16 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Relation of body size and surface area to gas exchange in anurans

Author(s)
Hutchinson, Victor H., W.G. Whitford and M. Kohl
Pages
65-85
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 24.56 Cutaneous oxygen uptake at 5C ul O2/g/hr Not Reported 9 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Growth responses of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, fed various live foods

Author(s)
Modzelewski, Edward H., Jr, and Dudley D. Culley, Jr.
Pages
396-405
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 5.9 mean % body weight consumed per day, body weight mean = 29.8 g % Not Reported Juvenile 25 Exposure Factor Datasets 2 mo post-transformation Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. labecula)

Citation:

Growth in two subspecies of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drickamer, Lee C. and Joan Bernstein
Pages
228-231
Year
Issue
1
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 8.9 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 93 Exposure Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of northern Peromyscus maniculatus borealis

Author(s)
Millar, J.S.
Pages
510-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 9.26 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 232 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets 21 d At weaning 0.10 SE Laboratory
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 21.4 average weaning age. d Both Male and Female Juvenile 136 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Age at Sexual Maturity age at first conception d Female Adult 3 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northywest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 3.67 daily ingestion rate; animals fed Purina lab chow; body weight averaged 20.34 g g/d Female Adult 40 captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets non-breeding 0.11 SE Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 194.2 cumulative food ingestion from parturition to weaning (approx. 24 d); Purina lab chow g Female Adult 37 captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets lactating 5.5 SE Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Reproduction by Peromyscus maniculatus: size and compromise

Author(s)
Myers, Philip and Lawrence L. Master
Pages
1-18
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition Lab
Body Weight - Mean Range of mean body weights for weanlings from varying litter sizes (2-9) g Both Male and Female Weanling 3 - 125 Exposure Factor Datasets 23 d Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 23 Mode d Female Adult 161 Exposure Factor Datasets Gestating Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gracilis)

Citation:

The rate of metabolism of some small mammals

Author(s)
Pearson, Oliver P.
Pages
127-145
Year
Issue
2
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 1.5 basal oxygen consumption measured at 28C, 15-17g mice, also reported as 173 cal/kg/d cc O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 2 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 3.6 24 hr average oxygen consumption, average body weight 22.3 g, also reported as 416 cal/kg/d cc O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Energy, nitrogen, and electrolyte flux and sea water drinking in the sea otter Enhydra lutris

Author(s)
Costa, Daniel P.
Pages
35-44
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 168 Net metabolizable energy Kcal/kg-d Both Male and Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Circannual rhythms of body weight in pallid bats

Author(s)
Beasley, Laura J., Kimberly M. Pelz and Irving Zucker
Pages
R955-R958
Year
Issue
6
Volume
246
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 39.2 g Female Adult 3 Exposure Factor Datasets 2.6 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Vocal communication in the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus

Author(s)
Brown, Patricia
Pages
34-54
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate 25 increase in body weight over time (to adult weight) g/2-3 mo Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 bats Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Seasonal cycles of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus): proximate factors

Author(s)
Beasley, L.J.
Pages
115-123
Year
Volume
23-24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate range of mean monthly rates of ingestion of mealworm diet, measured over three years g/mo Male Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Inhalation Rate 0-52 respiration rate in dormant bats at 40 deg F respirations/min Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Evaporative water losses of the pallid bat

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Harold E. White
Pages
452-58
Year
Issue
4
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.47 estimated oxygen consumption of resting animals at 25 C ml O2/g BW/hr Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Incubation temperature affects sexual differentiation, incubation time, and posthatching surivival in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizi)

Author(s)
Lewis-Winokur, Vanessa and Robert M. Winokur
Pages
2091-2097
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Survival/ Mortality 20% (25C); 33% (27C); 81% (28C); 84% (29C); 73% (31C) % survival from hatching to >277 d post-hatch at various temperatures (25-31C) % Not Reported Embryo 18-46 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Boreal Toad (Anaxyrus boreas ssp. boreas formerly Bufo boreas ssp. boreas)

Citation:

Aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure during rest and activity in Montane Bufo boreas boreas and Rana pipiens

Author(s)
Carey, Cynthia
Pages
213-228
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate log AMR = -1.13 +0.067(T) - 0.0008(T)^2 polynomial equation relating active metabolic rate (AMR; cm3 O2/g/hr), measured as oxygen consumption, to body temperature (T, 10-30C) in animals captured no more than a week before testing cm3 O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 49 captured at East River Valley, Gothic, Gunnison county (elev., 3000 - 3355m) Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas formerly Bufo boreas)

Citation:

Relation of body size and surface area to gas exchange in anurans

Author(s)
Hutchinson, Victor H., W.G. Whitford and M. Kohl
Pages
65-85
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 30.80 Pulmonary oxygen uptake at 15C ul O2/g/hr Not Reported 10 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 25.54 Cutaneous oxygen uptake at 15C ul O2/g/hr Not Reported 10 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

An analysis of respiratory surface area as a limit to activity metabolism in anurans

Author(s)
Hillman, Stanley S., Philip C. Withers
Pages
2100 - 2105
Year
Issue
11
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate Log VO2 = 0.75(Log BW) - 2.43 regression equation relating resting oxygen consumption (VO2; cm3 O2/min) to log body weight (BW; g) at 25-27C cm3 O2/min Not Reported Not Reported 13 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Consumption of herbaceaous vegetation and water during reproduction and development of Merriam's Kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
445-457
Year
Issue
2
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 4.8 estimated from food intake (rolled oats and carrots) g/d Female Adult 16 captured in Clark County, NV Exposure Factor Datasets non-reproductive and gestating Laboratory
Water Ingestion Rate 10.7 estimated from food intake (rolled oats and carrots) g/d Female Adult 4-9 captured in Clark County, NV Exposure Factor Datasets lactating Laboratory
Citation:

Breeding of captive kangaroo rats, Dipodomys merriami and D. microps

Author(s)
Daly, M., Margo I. Wilson and P. Behrends
Pages
338-341
Year
Issue
2
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 pups/litter Female Adult 51 captured near Palm Springs, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 33 modal duration d Female Adult 65 captured near Palm Springs, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The reproduction of heteromyid rodents in captivity

Author(s)
Eisenberg, John F. and Donald E. Isaac
Pages
61-67
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Not Reported Juvenile 4 litters Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Hibernation in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Moberly, Walter R.
Pages
152-160
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of resting oxygen consumption in hibernating and non-hibernating lizards at several body temperatures cc O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported 60 Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

An overview of captive births and survivorship of California sea lions 1985-1995

Author(s)
Gates, Luke, Suzanne Tatersall and David Nicholson
Pages
5-9
Year
Issue
1
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Survival/ Mortality 66 mean annual survivorship for animals >30 d % Not Reported Juvenile 38 births/10 yr captive in British facilities Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Oxygen cost of swimming in a trained California sea lion

Author(s)
Costello, R.R. and G.C. Whittow
Pages
645-647
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of oxygen consumption during swimming L O2/min Male Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets 6 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption during steady-state swimming in California sea lions

Author(s)
Butler, P. J., A. J. Woakes, I.L. Boyd and S. Kanatous
Pages
35-42
Year
Volume
170
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 32.2 kg Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.6 SE Laboratory

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Nutritional ecology of the California vole: Effects of food quality on reproduction

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
406-412
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Clutches or Litters per year 0.5 litters per female per 12 wks litters/12 wks Female Adult 24 Exposure Factor Datasets subadult (4 weeks) 0.2 SE Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 3.7 young/litter Female Adult 24 Exposure Factor Datasets subadult (4 weeks) 0.2 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Nutritional ecology of microtine rodents: digestibility of forage

Author(s)
Batzli, G. O., and F. Russell Cole
Pages
740-750
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 693 ingested energy; fed ryegrass seeds for 21 d cal/g/d Not Reported 8 Exposure Factor Datasets 28 d or older 22 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 450 metabolizable energy; equivalent to average daily metabolic rate cal/g/d Not Reported 5 Exposure Factor Datasets 28 d or older 16 SE Laboratory

San Francisco Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. tetrataenia)

Citation:

Captive reproduction of the San Francisco garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia

Author(s)
Cover, John F., Jr. and Donal M. Boyer
Pages
29-33
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of means from 6 breedings g Not Reported Neonate 6 groups of young Dallas and Ft. Worth Zoos Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 17 young/female Female Adult 6 Dallas and Ft. Worth Zoos Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Ventilation, gas exchange and blood gases in the snake, Pituophis melanoleucus

Author(s)
Stinner, Jerry N
Pages
279-298
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Metabolic Rate log VO2 = 0.013 + 0.049T equation for oxygen consumption (logarithm of VO2; ul O2/g-h) as a function of body temperature (15-30C) ul O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 11 captured at Riverside, CA Exposure Factor Datasets resting Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 655 g Not Reported Adult 11 captured at Riverside, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Food consumption and pellet formation rates in four owl species

Author(s)
Marti, Carl D.
Pages
178-181
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 62.6 average daily consumption on an all mouse diet g/d Not Reported Adult 1 owl collected in Larimer County, CO Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Food Ingestion Rate averages of food amounts eaten per day g Both Male and Female Not Reported 2 birds Exposure Factor Datasets captive Laboratory
Citation:

The growth of some young raptorial birds

Author(s)
Sumner, E. Lowell, Jr.
Pages
277-308
Year
Issue
4
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate see figures figures showing weight increase and feather growth for 0-73 days of age Not Reported Nestling five owls collected in California Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Breeding habits of captive long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata)

Author(s)
Wright, Philip L.
Pages
338-344
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Hatching or Parturition April Both Male and Female Neonate Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - Aug. Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)

Citation:

The bioenergetics of hibernation in the eastern garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis

Author(s)
Costanzo, Jon P.
Pages
682-692
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.42 estimated from changes in body composition cal/g/d Both Male and Female Not Reported 13 captured in Portage County, WI Exposure Factor Datasets hibernating Laboratory
Citation:

Influence of pregnancy on oxygen consumption, heart rate and hematology in the garter snake: Implications for the "cost of reproduction" in live bearing reptiles

Author(s)
Birchard, Geoffrey F., Craig P. Black, Gordon W. Schuett and Virginia Black
Pages
519-523
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 30.3 g Male Adult 6 captured in Michigan and Ohio Exposure Factor Datasets 2.0 SE Laboratory

Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)

Citation:

Minimum and maximum metabolic rates of Sorex sinuosus

Author(s)
Newman, James R. and Robert L. Rudd
Pages
371-380
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 9.5 minimal metabolic rate at 20C cc O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Juvenile 7 captured at Suisun and San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets 5.7 Laboratory
Metabolic Rate range of mean maximal metabolic rates at 20C cc O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 9-22/season captured at Suisun and San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Activity rhythms in the shrews, Sorex sinuosus Grinnell and Sorex trowbridgii Baird

Author(s)
Rust, Aileen K.
Pages
369-382
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 1.81 g/g/d Both Male and Female Adult 5 captured at San Pablo Bay, Sonoma CA Exposure Factor Datasets non-breeding 0.10 SE Laboratory

San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides)

Citation:

The reproduction of heteromyid rodents in captivity

Author(s)
Eisenberg, John F. and Donald E. Isaac
Pages
61-67
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of changes in weight over time g Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets 0 - 140 d Laboratory
Age at Sexual Maturity 84 earliest age of conception d Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Fresno Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides ssp. exilis)

Citation:

Observations on the natural history of the Fresno kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Culbertson, A.E.
Pages
189-193
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate 2.5 (0d); 5.0 (10d); 9.0 (17d); 16.9 (33d); 19.1 (40d) body weight at various ages (0-40d) g Not Reported Juvenile 1 Exposure Factor Datasets 0-40d Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 2 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported adults captured near Fresno Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Longevity of the coyote

Author(s)
Manville, Richard H.
Pages
390
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Longevity 15 maximum lifespan yrs Male Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Energy requirements of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Pekins, Peter J. and William W. Mautz
Pages
656-659
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 10.6 yearly mean basal metabolic rate; range of seasonal means L O2/kg/d Both Male and Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Food and energy use by captive coyotes

Author(s)
Litvaitis, John A. and William W. Mautz
Pages
56-61
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Food Ingestion Rate range of daily dry matter intake per unit metabolic weight (g food/body weight^0.75) for deer, hare or mice diets g/kg/d Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 captured in Aroostook County, ME Exposure Factor Datasets 9 mo Laboratory

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Growth and development of the little pocket mouse, Perognathus longimembris

Author(s)
Hayden, P. and J.J. Gambino
Pages
187-197
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate see citation figure of body weight at various ages (0 - 60 d) with calculated instantaneous growth rates g Not Reported Juvenile 26 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1.3 weight at birth g Not Reported Neonate 26 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Daily and seasonal patterns of activity and energetics in a heteromyid rodent commuinity

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J.
Pages
1201-1219
Year
Issue
6
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate S = -9.37T + 408 seed consumption (S) in mg/g bw/d as a function of ambient temperature, in centigrade (T) Not Reported Not Reported 8 individuals Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate amount of seed consumed at 6.5 degrees C mg/g bw/d Not Reported Not Reported 10 individuals Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii), Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. neomexicanus)

Citation:

Attempts to breed cottontail rabbits in captivity

Author(s)
Dice, L. R.
Pages
225-229
Year
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Adult 3 litters captured in Rago, Kansas Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Adult 3 litters captured in Rago, Kansas Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii), Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)

Citation:

Growth in the deer-mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Dice, Lee R. and Robert M. Bradley
Pages
416-427
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of body weight vs age for 7 subspecies of Peromyscus Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 61 Exposure Factor Datasets 15 - 186 d Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of body weight vs age for 7 subspecies of Peromyscus Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 61 Exposure Factor Datasets 15 - 186 d Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Comparative energetics in two sympatric species of Peromyscus

Author(s)
Mazen, Walter S. and Robert L. Rudd
Pages
573-574
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 7.9 average long term metabolic rate, assessed overnight cc O2/g/h Both Male and Female Not Reported 20 collected 5 km east of Chico, Butte County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0.139 SD Laboratory
Body Fat (total or %) 14.99 % Both Male and Female Not Reported 36 collected 5 km east of Chico, Butte County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 2.68 SD Laboratory

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Ventilatory responses of the burrowing owl and bobwhite to hypercarbia and hypoxia

Author(s)
Boggs, Dona F. and Delbert L. Kilgore, Jr.
Pages
527-533
Year
Volume
149
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Inhalation Rate 39.7 average resting inhalation rate per minute Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.16 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 4.28 average resting oxygen consumption ml STPD/min Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.12 SE Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)

Citation:

Growth in two subspecies of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drickamer, Lee C. and Joan Bernstein
Pages
228-231
Year
Issue
1
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 7.3 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 90 captured in Nebraska Exposure Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Energy requirements and diet of the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Schitoskey, Frank, Jr. and Sarah R. Woodmansee
Pages
373-382
Year
Issue
2
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.75 resting oxygen consumption at 25-28C ml O2/g/ h Both Male and Female Adult 26 captured at San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets 0.21 SE Laboratory

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

A population study of the harvest mice (Reithrodontomys raviventris Dixon) in the Palo Alto Baylands Salt Marsh

Author(s)
Wondolleck, John T., William Zolan and Gary L. Stevens
Pages
52-64
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4 #/litter Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
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