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Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Lab
TETRA-BROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER (TETRA-BDE) 0.54 µg/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 95 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
FLUOXETINE No effect Daily perch hopping M Adult 8 Collected from Montesano Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
SELENIUM (elemental) >-<10 mg/kg dw Egg concentration Embryo 4 Southeast Idaho Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DIPHACINONE See citation Figure 2 Blood partial thromboplastin time B Not Reported 60 University of California Davis, Vertebrate Ecology Lab Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo USA
DDT (4,4'-) 18567 ng/g lw Maternal blubber concentration F Adult 20 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PBDE MIXTURE See citation Blubber concentration M 26 Nation Marine Mammal Tissue Bank samples Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB Alaska: 705, California: 650 ng/g lw Blood concentration M Adult Alaska: 16, California: 11 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
133 ± 18 beats/min Respiratory rate B Both Adults and Juveniles 81 Northern Pacific
Rim from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to
Attu Island, Alaska 		Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Tributyltin: 110 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Triphenyltin: <0.10 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY See citation Figures 3 & 4 Blood concentration B Not Reported 64 Gambinini Marsh, Mid-Petaluma Marsh, Black John Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets Sonoma USA
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 0.03 ppm ww Egg concentration Embryo 1 Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 1997: 0.28, 1998: 0.43 µg/g ww Stomach concentration Both Adults and Juveniles 5 Carson Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 2002: 0.68, 2003: 0.74, 2004: 0.59 µg/g ww Liver concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 3.01 µg/g ww Egg concentration NR Embryo 5 S. Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MOLYBDENUM BI-89:0.778, WM-89: 0.884, WM-91: 0.617, SW-91: 0.616 µg/g ww Egg concentration NR Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB 0.078 µg/g ww Egg concentration B Embryo 4 Lower Laguna Madre Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE Not detected Brain concentration NR Nestling 2 Central Everglades Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CALCIUM 1402 µg/g Feather concentration NR Adult 36 Clear Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
LEAD (elemental) Increased Heart blood clot concentration NR Not Reported 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CHLOROPHACINONE 0.148 % metabolism by liver microsome M Not Reported 14 Castroville, CA Toxicity Factor Datasets Monterey USA Laboratory
AMMONIUM SULFATE 134.0 mg/L LOAEL NR Tadpole 90 EPA laboratory, Corvallis, OR Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE No effect % mortality NR Tadpole 24 San Francisco State University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE 0.958 % mortality NR Tadpole 24 San Francisco State University Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE 1.7 [-0.4-1.9 (95 % CI)] LC10 NR Embryo 240 University of Pittsburgh Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
See citation Table 4; µg/g ww Total concentration in liver tissue Not Reported 23 Colusa National Wildlife Refuge (Colusa County); Natomas Basin (Sacramento County); Butte County, Glenn County; Yolo County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
MERCURY (elemental) 26.9 ± 5.5 ppb Blood concentration of live-captured 29 Pine Barrens Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
ARSENIC (elemental) 91.4 ± 21.7 ppb Skin concentration, dead-captured 20 Pine Barrens Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
MALATHION No effect Food consumption M Juvenile 13 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
2-AMINO-4,6-DINITROTOLUENE Increased Spleen weight M Adult 42 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE Increased Kidney weight M Both Adults and Juveniles 42 US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
2,4-DINITROTOLUENE Increased Blood uric acid M Adult 60 US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA
METHYLMERCURY No effect Spleen weight B Nestling 154 Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center, Laurel 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE 105.5 m Half-life (IV) B Adult 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY 0.12 µg/g [0.08-0.19 (95% CI)] Embryonic LD50 Embryo 81 Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
MERCURY (elemental) 0.86 ppm ± 0.18 Chick feathers Chick 25 Cape Fear River, South Pelican Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
MIREX 4.80 ng/g ww (1.92-18.6) Egg concentration 10 Marsh Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
MERCURY (elemental) 0.56 µg/g [0.20-1.56 (95% CI)] Blood concentration NR Not Reported 67 San Francisco Bay marshes Toxicity Factor Datasets Alameda USA Laboratory
MERCURY (elemental) 1.8 ppm ± 1.2 Hatchling concentration Hatchling 15 Blythe Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 10.88 µg/g dw ± 1.89 Total Hg feather concentration NR Nestling 11 Hoffman Island, Canarsie Pol, & Swinburne Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB 13.4 µg/g ww Embryo concentration NR Embryo 10 Cat Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DECHLORANE PLUS 0.9 Egg concentration NR Embryo 10 Sites around San Francisco Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
STRONTIUM 2.38 µg/g dw Egg concentration Embryo 4 Naval Air Base Coronado Toxicity Factor Datasets San Diego USA
DDE (4,4'-) 0.470 µg/g fw Egg concentration Embryo 5 Tijuana Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets San Diego USA
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 0.10 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PBDE MIXTURE Urban: 2874.5, nonurban: 409.1 ng/g lw Egg concentration Embryo Urban: 41, nonurban: 41 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
8-HYDROXY-DI-PROPYLAMINOTETRALIN HYDROBROMIDE (8-OH-DPAT) No effect Daily perch hopping M Adult 8 Collected from Montesano Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CHLOROPHACINONE 0.59 µg/g Liver concentration M Adult 1 Vernon Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DIPHACINONE See citation Figure 3 Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists (blood) B Not Reported 60 University of California Davis, Vertebrate Ecology Lab Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo USA
PCB 757 ng/g ww Premature fetus concentration B Embryo 9 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCDD) See citation Blubber concentration M 26 Nation Marine Mammal Tissue Bank samples Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH) 5 ng/g lw Blood concentration M Adult 16 3 sites in eastern AK Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Monobutyltin: 73 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 15 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Total butyltins: 230 ng/g ww Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TIN, BUTYL Total phenyltins: <0.19 Liver concentration B Both Adults and Juveniles 4 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ARSENIC (elemental) 5.95 µg/g dw, 0.98 ww Plasma concentration NR 9 Big Bend, Citrus County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
OXYCHLORDANE 0.02 ppm ww Egg concentration Embryo 1 Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 43.65, reference site: 7.92 µg/g ww Liver concentration Adult LCRS: 6, reference: 5 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 1.87, 2003: 2.46, 2004: 1.78 µg/g ww Kidney concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MS-90: 0.0092, BI-89: 0.0168, BI-09: 0.0342, WM-89: not detected, WM-90: not detected, WM-91: 0.0264, SW-91: 0.0120 µg/g ww Egg concentration NR Embryo 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
STRONTIUM BI-89: 5.01, WM-89: 6.65, WM-91: 6.02, SW-91: 5.71 µg/g ww Egg concentration NR Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB See citation Figure 2 Egg concentration; congener pattern B Embryo 4 Lower Laguna Madre Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TRANS-NONACHLOR Not detected Brain concentration NR Nestling 2 Central Everglades Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
47.7 µg/g Feather concentration NR Adult 36 Clear Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake USA
LEAD (elemental) Decreased Body weight NR Not Reported 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
MERCURY (elemental) 0.81 ± 0.50 µg/g dw Feather concentration Both Male and Female Nestling 10 Georgia & South Carolina Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (2,4'-) 4.2 ppm ww Egg concentration Embryo 10 Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
<5 ppm: 0.232, >5 ppm: 0.201 mm Embryo <5 ppm:27, >5 ppm: 29 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 0.65 µg/g ww Egg concentration Embryo 20 Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 12.8, 2003: 15.2, 2004: 13.0 g Liver weight Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 20.45, 2003: 36.38 µg/g ww Feather concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDD (4,4'-) MS-90:0.0222, BI-82: 0.246, BI-89: 0.0180, BI-90: 0.0473, WM-89: 0.0168, WM-90: 0.0098, SW-91: 0.0683 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY Review, see citation Figure 2 Egg concentration Embryo Not reported Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDD (2,4'-) 0.12 ppm ww Egg concentration Embryo 4 Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 0.15 µg/g [0.05-0.31 (95% CI)] Embryonic LD50 Embryo 63 Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 423, reference: 422 g Body weight Both Adults and Juveniles LCRS: 6, Reference: 5 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS Lahontan Reservoir: 3.55, Humboldt River: 3.59 g Kidney weight Not Reported Nestling 7 Lahontan Reservoir: contaminated site; Humbodlt River: reference site Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 6.66, 2003: 8.50 µg/g ww Feather concentration Not Reported Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) MS-90: 0.0122, BI-89: 0.0282, BI-90: 0.0506, WM-89: 0.0185, WM-90: 0.0236, SW-91: 0.0572 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

The relative importance of DDE and dieldrin in the decline of peregrine falcon populations.

Author(s)
Nisbet, Ian C.T.
Pages
351-375
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DIELDRIN review mortality in conjunction with pesticide use and residues in birds Not Reported Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA, UNITED KINGDOM, USA

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Effects of pesticides on owls in North America

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
198-206
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
ALDRIN, BRODIFACOUM, CARBOFURAN, CHLORDANE, DIELDRIN, ENDRIN, FAMPHUR, FENTHION, PHORATE, STRYCHNINE review summaries of mortality due to organochlorine, anticholinesterase, anticoagulant, strychnine pesticides Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
STRYCHNINE, ZINC PHOSPHIDE review summaries of sublethal effects due to organochlorine, anticholinesterase, anticoagulant, strychnine pesticides Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Movements, population fluctuations, and mortality among great horned owls

Author(s)
Stewart, Paul A.
Pages
155-162
Year
Issue
2
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 31% mean annual mortality after the first year of banding based on band return data, 1951-1962 Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 97 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Survival/ Mortality 46% mean percent mortality within the first year of banding based on band return data, 1951-1962 Not Reported Juvenile 97 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

A monograph of the flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Burns, Frank L.
Pages
1-82
Year
Issue
31
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size range of clutch sizes eggs/clutch Female Adult 191 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Food of the woodpeckers of the United States

Author(s)
Beal, F.E.L.
Pages
7-64
Publisher
Government Printing Office
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition predacious ground beetles (3.89%), other beetles (2.66%), ants (53.82%), Hemiptera (1.84%), caterpillars (2.12%), Orthoptera (1.45%), other insects and spiders (1.96%), grain (2.26%), seeds (19.59%), fruit (10.28%) percent composition of stomach contents Not Reported Not Reported 183 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Time of Molt review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Food habits of the vireos: a family of insectivorous birds

Author(s)
Chapin, Edward A.
Pages
1-41
Publisher
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Department Bulletin No. 1355
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Hemiptera (34.43%), Orthoptera (18.52%), Lepidoptera (20.63%), Coleoptera (15.26%), Hymenoptera (6.44%), other insects and spiders (2.71%), vegetable food (0.7%) percent occurrence of food items in stomachs Not Reported Not Reported 52 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Growth Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Time of Migration or Dispersal review time of juvenile dispersal Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Longevity review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia)

Author(s)
Haug, Elizabeth A., Brian A. Millsap and Mark S. Martell
Pages
1-20
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Body Weight - Mean review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Territory Size review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Time of Nesting review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes), California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus), Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis)

Citation:

Clapper Rail

Author(s)
Eddleman, William R. and Courtney J. Conway
Pages
167-179
Publisher
The International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size review Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size review Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

A model of the productivity of the mallard

Author(s)
Johnson, Douglas H., Donald W. Sparling and Lewis M. Cowardin
Pages
257-275
Year
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal March 15 - May 10 arrival at breeding grounds Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported prairie pothole region of the U.S. Exposure Factor Datasets USA
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