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Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
OXYCHLORDANE MS-90: 0.0355, BI-82: 0.109, BI-89: 0.0153, BI-90: 0.0549, WM-89: 0.0241, WM-90: 0.0306, WM-91: 0.0204, SW-91: 0.0167 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ZINC (elemental) BI-89: 53.6, WM-89: 57.8, WM-91: 51.5, SW-91: 52.3 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE MS-90: 0.0160, BI-82: not detected, BI-89: 0.0170, BI-90: 0.0242, WM-89: 0.0151, WM-90: 0.0132, WM-91: 0.0146, SW-91: 0.0110 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TRANS-NONACHLOR MS-90: 0.0744, BI-82: 0.151, BI-89: 0.0290, BI-90: 0.166, WM-89: 0.0657, WM-90: 0.0677, WM-91: 0.0352, SW-91: 0.366 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CIS-NONACHLOR MS-90: 0.0233, BI-82: 0.103, BI-89: not detected, BI-90: 0.114, WM-91: not detected, SW-91: not detected µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DIELDRIN MS-90: 0.0258, BI-82: 0.0926, BI-89: 0.0270, BI-90: 0.0661, WM-89: 0.0308 WM-90: 0.0204, WM-91: 0.00887, SW-91: 0.0275 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDD (4,4'-) MS-90:0.0222, BI-82: 0.246, BI-89: 0.0180, BI-90: 0.0473, WM-89: 0.0168, WM-90: 0.0098, SW-91: 0.0683 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) MS-90: 0.0122, BI-89: 0.0282, BI-90: 0.0506, WM-89: 0.0185, WM-90: 0.0236, SW-91: 0.0572 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB 2.49 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Mallard Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
BORON COMPOUNDS BI-89: 0.408, WM-89: 0.395, WM-91: 0.859, SW-91: 1.29 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB 1982: 3.32, 1989: 1.23, 1990: 5.38 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 1982: 10, 1989: 5, 1990: 5 Bair Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
BARIUM (elemental) BI-89: 0.259, WM-89: 0.351, SW-91: 0.823 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB 1989: 2.19, 1990: 0.792, 1991: 1.55 Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 W. Marin Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CHROMIUM (elemental) BI-89: 0.849, WM-89: 0.813 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PCB 0.185 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 S. Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
COPPER (elemental) BI-89: 7.16, WM-89: 7.10, WM-91: 7.12, SW-91: 6.21 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 0.925 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Mallard Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
IRON (elemental) BI-89: 119.0, WM-89: 121.0, WM-91: 135.0, SW-91: 141.0 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 1982: 2.04, 1989: 1.71, 1990: 1.88 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 1982: 10, 1989: 5, 1990: 5 Bair Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS BI-89: 549, WM-89: 623, WM-91: 597, SW-91: 643 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 1989: 1.86, 1990: 0.824, 1991: 1.17 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 W. Marin Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS BI-89: 2.43, WM-89: 3.07, WM-91: 4.54, SW-91: 2.43 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 3.01 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 S. Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MOLYBDENUM BI-89:0.778, WM-89: 0.884, WM-91: 0.617, SW-91: 0.616 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
?-BENZENEHEXACHLORIDE MS-90: 0.0092, BI-89: 0.0168, BI-09: 0.0342, WM-89: not detected, WM-90: not detected, WM-91: 0.0264, SW-91: 0.0120 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
STRONTIUM BI-89: 5.01, WM-89: 6.65, WM-91: 6.02, SW-91: 5.71 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
METHYLMERCURY See citation Figures 3 & 4 Blood concentration Both Male and Female Not Reported 64 Gambinini Marsh, Mid-Petaluma Marsh, Black John Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets Sonoma USA
METHYLMERCURY See citation Figures 3 & 4 Feather concentration Not Reported 127 Gambinini Marsh, Mid-Petaluma Marsh, Black John Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets Sonoma USA

Pacific Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Location Type California Counties Countries
COPPER (elemental) Review Blood concentration San Diego Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets San Diego USA
LEAD (elemental) Review Blood concentration San Diego Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets San Diego USA

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Toxicity of organochlorine insecticides to the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, and the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana

Author(s)
Mulla, M.S.
Pages
299-303
Year
Issue
4
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ENDOSULFAN increase at 0.1 and 0.5 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORDECONE (KEPONE) no effect Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) increase at 1.0 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORDANE no effect Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORDANE increase at 0.5 lb/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
ENDRIN increase at 0.1 and 0.5 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN increase at 0.1 and 0.5 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
ALDRIN increase at 0.1 and 0.5 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) increase at 0.5 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
LINDANE increase at 0.5 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEPTACHLOR increase at 0.5 lbs/acre Not Reported Tadpole 10 animals/dose ponds, southern San Joaquin Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Trophic accumulation of DDT in a terrestrial food web

Author(s)
Rudd, R.L., R.B. Craig and W.S. Williams
Pages
219-228
Year
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 293.43-820.93 ppm, lipid weight concentrations of DDT, DDE, DDD (combined) in skin and brains, 2 years post-application Not Reported Not Reported 2 birds 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see figure figure showing concentration of DDT and metabolites in skin and brains before and after application Not Reported Not Reported 27 birds (3-4/sampling time) 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo

Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris ssp. nereis)

Citation:

Accumulation pattern of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found stranded along coastal California, USA

Author(s)
Nakata, H., K. Kannan, L. Jing, N. Thomas, S. Tanabe and J.P. Giesy
Pages
45-53
Year
Volume
103
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) increase otters that died from infectious diseases contained higher liver DDTs concentrations that those that died of trauma Both Male and Female Adult 4-8 Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Butyltin residues in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found dead along California coastal waters

Author(s)
Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Keerthi S. Guruge, Nancy J. Thomas, Shinsuke Tanabe and John P. Giesy
Pages
1169-1175
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
TIN, BUTYL increase otters that died of infectious disease contained butyltin liver concentrations greater than those that died of trauma Both Male and Female Adult 8-14 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Site-specific lead exposure from lead pellet ingestion in sentinel mallards

Author(s)
Rocke, Tonie E., Christopher J. Brand, John G. Mensik
Pages
228-234
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
LEAD (elemental) higher in P8 than in T19 and TF, and in T19 than in TF maximum likelihood estimate of 2-week Pb exposure rate Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 50 birds/treatment Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; Willows, CA (39deg29'N, 122deg20'W) Toxicity Factor Datasets Sacramento
LEAD (elemental) higher in P8 than in T19 and TF, and in T19 than in TF mortality rate (over 4 years) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 50 birds/treatment Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; Willows, CA (39deg29'N, 122deg20'W) Toxicity Factor Datasets Sacramento
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on selected cells of the mallard immune system

Author(s)
Rocke, Tonie E. and Michael D. Samuel
Pages
1-9
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased @ 2 #four shot mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 12 (control); 16 (lab); 63 (field) Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Sacramento Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased @ 931,000 shot/acre or 2 #four pellets spleen weight and total white blood cell counts versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 12 (control); 16 (lab); 63 (field) Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Sacramento Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased @ 2 #four shot spleen plaque forming cell counts, % packed cell volume versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16 (2 #four shot)
63 (field exposure) 		Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Sacramento Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) ppm wet wt: 1.40 (0.7), blood; 6.40 (4.92), liver; 38.64 (19.18), femur @ 2 #four shot mean (2SE) lead concentrations in liver, femur and blood Male Adult 31 birds Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Sacramento
LEAD (elemental) ppm wet wt: 1.21 (0.78), blood; 2.32 (1.10), liver; 131.13 (90.94), femur @ 2 #four shot mean (2SE) lead concentrations in liver, femur and blood Female Adult 24 birds Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Sacramento

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Premature birth in California sea lions: Association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels.

Author(s)
DeLong, Robert L., William G. Gilmartin and John G. Simpson
Pages
1168-1170
Year
Issue
4105
Volume
181
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of premature parturtion associated with elevated DDT and PCB residues, compared to full term parturient group Female Adult 4-6/group San Miguel Island Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 - 15 yrs
Citation:

Premature parturition in the Califonia sea lion

Author(s)
Gilmartin, W. G., R. L. DeLong, A. W. Smith, J. C. Sweeney, B. W. De Lappe, R. W. Risebrough, L. A. Griner, M. D. Dailey and D. B. Peakall
Pages
104-115
Year
Issue
1
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of premature parturition associated with elevated DDT and PCB levels, compared to full term parturient group Female Adult 10/group San Miguel Island Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 - 14 yrs
Citation:

Mercury-selenium-bromine imbalance in premature parturient California sea lions

Author(s)
Martin, J.H., P.D. Elliott, V.C. Anderlini, D. Girvin, S.A. Jacobs, R.W. Risebrough, R.L. Delong and W.G. Gilmartin
Pages
91-104
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
BROMINE COMPOUNDS, CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, MANGANESE COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SILVER COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS increase incidence of premature parturition correlated with different metal concentrations and ratios Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) II: Milk intake

Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 95.0 daily weight gain during 1st mo of life g/d Female Pup 4 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 5-30 d 11.75 SE

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Uptake of environmental contaminants by small mammals in pickleweed habitats of San Francisco Bay, California

Author(s)
Clark, Jr., Donald R., Kevin S. Foerster, Carolyn M. Marn and Roger L. Hothem
Pages
389-396
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, LEAD COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS no effect incidence of liver and kidney histopathologies was not related to contaminant concentrations Not Reported Not Reported 26 animals salt marsh, San Pablo and San Francisco Bays Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Field and maximal metabolic rates of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) at low and high altitudes

Author(s)
Hayes, Jack P.
Pages
732-744
Year
Issue
3
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Metabolic Rate 4.45 field metabolic rate ml CO2/g/h Both Male and Female Adult 16 White Mountain Research Station (elev., 1230 - 1830 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo, Mono 0.79

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Effects of chemical smokes on flora and fauna under field and laboratory exposures

Author(s)
Schaeffer, D.J., Edward W. Novak, William R. Lower, Armon Yanders, Shubendar Kapila and Richard Wang
Pages
301-315
Year
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
HEXACHLOROETHANE decrease mean chromosomal abberrations per cell, compared to controls (not exposed to obscurant smoke) Not Reported Not Reported 3-4/group Goldstone, Fort Irwin Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEXACHLOROETHANE no effect sister chromatid exchange counts, compared to controls Not Reported Not Reported 3-4/group Goldstone, Fort Irwin Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of rodents in Indian Cove (Mojave Desert), Joshua Tree National Monument, California

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Bernard B. Butterworth
Pages
203-225
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of monthly density estimates over 2 yrs #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Daily and seasonal patterns of activity and energetics in a heteromyid rodent commuinity

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J.
Pages
1201-1219
Year
Issue
6
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 36 g Male Not Reported NR (74 males and females total) Owens Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 0.22 SE

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Reproductive failures of double-crested cormorants in southern California and Baja California

Author(s)
Gress, Franklin, Robert W. Risebrough, Daniel W. Anderson, Lloyd F. Kiff and Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
Pages
197-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 28.8% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 17 eggs Anacapa Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 38.3% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 23 eggs Los Coronados Island Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Hazards to wildlife associated with 1080 baiting for California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Hegdal, Paul L., Kathleen A. Fagherstone, Thomas A. Gatz, James F. Glahn and George H. Matschke
Pages
11-21
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE decrease @ 6.7 kg/ha population size Not Reported Not Reported 38.7-54.2 mean squirrel population size range Exeter, Tulare Toxicity Factor Datasets Tulare
Citation:

Patterns of progesterone secretion in free-living California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, K.E., S. Nunes and F. Talamantes
Pages
1051-1059
Year
Issue
5
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 1 yr Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Hazards to wildlife associated with 1080 baiting for California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Hegdal, Paul L., Kathleen A. Fagherstone, Thomas A. Gatz, James F. Glahn and George H. Matschke
Pages
11-21
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 6.7 kg/ha 5/6 radio-equipped coyotes were found dead during post-treatment period Not Reported Not Reported 6 Exeter, Tulare Toxicity Factor Datasets Tulare
Citation:

Coyote diets associated with seasonal mule deer activities in California

Author(s)
Smith, James R.
Pages
78-82
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition mule deer (3%); small mammals (18%); birds (2%); reptiles (2%); insects (2%); fruits (82%); other (1%) % frequency of food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 199 Sierra National Forest (elev. 300 -3900 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno

Citation:

Incidental kill of dunlin and killdeer by strychnine

Author(s)
Warnock, Nils and Steven E. Schwarzbach
Pages
566-569
Year
Issue
4
Volume
31
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
STRYCHNINE 2 carcass count in 1 field (25m x 75m) birds/field Not Reported Not Reported 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo
STRYCHNINE 86 ug strychnine/0.3 g stomach content maximal concentration of strychnine measured in stomachs of dead killdeer Not Reported Not Reported 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Avian populations in herbicide treated brush fields

Author(s)
Beaver, Donald L.
Pages
543-553
Year
Issue
3
Volume
93
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4,5-) increased post-application from 1 to 4.1 birds per 40 ha population density Adult 9 censuses pre- and post-spray Truckee area Toxicity Factor Datasets Nevada

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Brown pelicans: Improved reproduction off the southern California coast

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph R. Jehl, Jr., Robert W. Risebrough, Leon A. Woods, Jr., Lawrence R. Deweese, and William G. Edgecomb
Pages
806-808
Year
Volume
190
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) significantly decreased compared to pre-1943 samples eggshell thickness (of intact or broken eggshells) Female Adult 86 eggs Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) increased compared to positive control (1969 data) mean number of fledglings produced per nest in 1974 Both Male and Female Fledgling 1286 nests Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) non-detectable DDT plus TDE, 96.6 ppm DDE, lipid wet basis concentration in egg contents Female Adult 39 eggs Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

DDE in birds' eggs: Comparison of two methods for estimating critical levels

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
268-276
Year
Issue
2
Volume
96
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 8 ug/g critical threshold of DDE concentration in egg (wet wt basis) associated with 20% eggshell thinning Both Male and Female Embryo 813 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 3 ug/g lowest level of DDE that would result in severely lowered reproductive success Both Male and Female Embryo 156 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Mercury levels, reproduction, and hematology in western grebes from three California Lakes

Author(s)
Elbert, Ruth Anne and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
210-213
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
MERCURY COMPOUNDS positive correlation Hg concentration in brain correlation with P and K concentrations in blood Not Reported Adult 11 birds Clear Lake, Tule Lake, Eagle Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake, Lassen, Siskiyou
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 0.001 (Clear Lake), 0.16 (Tule Lake) productivity (young to adult ratios) at study locations Not Reported Adult 13 birds, Clear Lake; 5 birds, Tule Lake Clear Lake, Tule Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake, Siskiyou
Citation:

Organochlorine chemical residues in white pelicans and western grebes from the Klamath Basin, California

Author(s)
Boellstorff, D.E., H.M. Ohlendorf, D.W. Anderson, E.J. O'Neill, J.O. Keith and R.M.Prouty
Pages
485-493
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS no effect eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 measurements Not Reported Embryo 29 eggs Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Growth and development of Dipodomys stephensi

Author(s)
Lackey, James A.
Pages
624-632
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 67.26 g Both Male and Female Adult 14 Bonsall and San Luis Rey Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego
Citation:

Distances moved by Stephens' kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi Merriam) and implications for conservation

Author(s)
Price, Mary V., Patrick A. Kelly and Ross L. Goldingay
Pages
929-939
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range range of median maximum distance moved based on telemetry at 2 sites; 21 - 91 d observation m Female Adult 9 Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 4.00 body weight of average adult oz Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

The demography of low-litter size populations of Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
368-374
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of seasonal changes in weight g Male Adult Not Reported Sea Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Sonoma
Citation:

Demographic changes in fluctuating populations of Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Krebs, Charles J.
Pages
239-273
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Oct. - Aug. based on % scrotal males and performate females; overall range varied by location and year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 0.643 minimum annual survival rate of marked individuals Not Reported Juvenile 14 birds Point Reyes Exposure Factor Datasets Marin

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Aspects of the occurrence of shorebirds on a central California estuary

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel and Claire M. Wolfe
Pages
15-32
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 2.2 (fall), 1.8 (winter), 1.3 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 10 seasons censused Limantour Estero Exposure Factor Datasets Marin

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Food habits of the horned and barn owls

Author(s)
Cunningham, John D.
Pages
222
Year
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Neotoma fuscipes (7.9%), Thomomys bottae (20.7%), Mus musculus (25.0%), Microtus californicus (14.9%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (1.7%), Perognathus sp. (4.1%), Dipodomys agilis (4.3%), Peromyscus sp. (3.8%), Notiosorex crawfordi (0.3%), Sylvilagus sp. (0.8%), Sorex ornatus (0.1%), Scapanus latimanus (0.7%), Stenopelmatus sp (2.1%), Elgaria multicarinata (0.1%), unident. birds (4.3%) percent of total number of specimens identified in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 25 lbs of pellets Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles campus Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) invasion of a California river: the role of larval competition

Author(s)
Kupferberg, Sarah J.
Pages
1736-1751
Year
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying spring - summer breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Mendocino

San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. mearnsi)

Citation:

Natural history and management of the San Clemente loggerhead shrike

Author(s)
Scott, Thomas A. and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
23-57
Year
Issue
2
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 45 percent of fledglings that died before reaching independence from parents % Not Reported Fledgling 29 nests San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Food relationships of a rodent fauna in a California coastal sage scrub community

Author(s)
Meserve, Peter L.
Pages
300-319
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition see citation monthly % volume of food items (detailed species-specific list) in feces % Both Male and Female Not Reported 3 - 26/mo Irvine Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows Part II: Density, Age Structure, and Maintanance

Author(s)
Johnston, Richard F.
Pages
254-272
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Longevity up to 7 years Both Male and Female Adult 6 animals (from 1000) San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris)

Citation:

A status review of the Suisun song sparrow (Melospiza melodia maxillaris) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-30
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Department Candidate Species Status Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Water Ingestion Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Suisun Bay Exposure Factor Datasets

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 32.8 average distance moved between recaptures ft Male Adult 17 Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

Utilizationof natural and man-made habitats by the salt marsh song sparrow Melospiza melodia samuelis (Baird)

Author(s)
Collins, Joshua N., and Vincent H. Resh
Pages
40-52
Year
Issue
1
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 24.5; 15.4; 5.4 depending on habitat type nesting pairs/ha Both Male and Female Adult 4 (nesting pair density) Petaluma marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Sonoma

California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii formerly Rana aurora ssp. draytonii)

Citation:

Biology of the California red-legged frog: A synopsis

Author(s)
Cook, David
Pages
79-82
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July - Sept. Both Male and Female Tadpole Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)

Citation:

Comparative demography of Clemmys marmorata populations in the Trinity River of California in the context of dam-induced alterations

Author(s)
Reese, Devin A. and Hartwell H. Welsh, Jr
Pages
505-515
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range in density estimates at 2 locations #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Trinity River Exposure Factor Datasets Trinity

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Movements, home range, and territories of male sea otters off central California

Author(s)
Jameson, Ronald J.
Pages
159-172
Year
Issue
2
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean Individual data available in Table 2 kg Male Juvenile 33 Central coast Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Autumn movement and home range of sea otters in California

Author(s)
Ribic, Christine A.
Pages
795-801
Year
Issue
3
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Home Range 0.8 km^2 Male Adult 3 Santa Cruz to San Luis Obispo Exposure Factor Datasets Residents 0.8 SD

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.14 mean dry stomach content mass g Male Juvenile 69 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.01 SE

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.7 fledged/successful nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 30 nests Great Basin (1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
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