Birds

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Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Food habits of fall migrant shorebirds on the Texas High Plains

Author(s)
Baldassare, Guy A. and David H. Fischer
Pages
220-229
Year
Issue
2
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition ad. Coleoptera (16%), larval Coleoptera (10%), other larval Diptera (58%), larval Lepidoptera (11%), miscellaneous (5%) aggregate percentage of food items in diet, based on stomach content analysis Not Reported Adult 7 birds Texas High Plains Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy expenditure in reproductive effort of male and female killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Author(s)
Brunton, Dianne H.
Pages
553-564
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Metabolic Rate 92.6 mean daily energy expenditure during reproduction (during late incubation) kJ/d Male Adult 14 Houghton Lake (lat. 44deg02', long. 08deg45') Exposure Factor Datasets 8.1 SE

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Status and reproduction of the peregrine falcon at a coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Author(s)
Castellanos, Aradit, Federico Salinas-Zavala and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
110-112
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 3.3 average clutch size eggs/nest Female Adult 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.6 average fledging rate fledglings/active nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Do large natural brood increase mortality of parent peregrine falcons?

Author(s)
Nelson, R. Wayne
Pages
719-728
Publisher
Peregrine Fund
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of nestling weights at various ages g Both Male and Female Nestling Not Reported Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Todesursachen und Mortalitaetsraten beim Wanderfalken (Falco peregrinus) nach den Wiederfunden deutscher und finnischer Ringvoegel

Author(s)
Mebs, Theodor
Pages
98-105
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Survival/ Mortality mortality rate of ringed young birds % Not Reported Juvenile 134 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 0-1 year FINLAND, GERMANY
Longevity 15 years Not Reported Adult 1 bird Exposure Factor Datasets GERMANY
Citation:

Home range and habitat requirements of peregrine falcons on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Author(s)
Jenkins, Andrew R., and Grant A. Benn
Pages
90-97
Year
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Foraging Distance 11.1-16.4 maximum distance travelled from nest cliff km Male Adult 2 Cape Peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets SOUTH AFRICA
Home Range 115.2-192.1 range of home range sizes square km Male Adult 2 Cape Peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets SOUTH AFRICA
Citation:

Peregrine and Prairie falcon life tables based on band-recovery data

Author(s)
Enderson, James H.
Pages
505-509
Publisher
University of Wisconsin Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 25 mortality rate % Not Reported Adult 81 birds banded as nestlings Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

A study and implications of habitat separation by sex of wintering American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Meyer, Ruthe Lashe and Thomas G. Balgooyen
Pages
107-123
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Territory Size 31.6 ha Female Adult 5 Hollister Basin (elev. 48-210 m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito, Santa Clara 10.7 SD
Territory Size 13.1 ha Male Adult 5 Hollister Basin (elev. 48-210 m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito, Santa Clara 2.0 SD
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight of sparrow hawks in California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H.
Pages
17-19
Year
Issue
2
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 119.8 mean body weight measured over 4 years g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 111 coastal southern CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0.9 SE
Citation:

A population study of the sparrow hawk in east-central Illinois

Author(s)
Enderson, James Harris
Pages
222-231
Year
Issue
3
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 1.5 mean maximum diameter of winter home ranges mi Not Reported Not Reported 3 birds agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 1.4 mean maximum diameter of breeding home ranges mi Not Reported Not Reported 4 birds agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The incidence of man-caused and natural mortalities to raptors

Author(s)
Keran, Doug
Pages
108-112
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 12.6 average length of survival of banded individuals mo Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1,017 throughout USA Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 79 mean hatchability measured over 4 years % Both Male and Female Hatchling 157 boxes Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Both Male and Female Fledgling 112 Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.4 eggs/clutch Female Adult 10 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 2 percent of eggs that failed to hatch % Not Reported Nestling 10 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Differential habitat use by sexes of American kestrels wintering in northern California

Author(s)
Koplin, James R.
Pages
39-42
Year
Issue
2
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density 34 average density kestrels/100 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 135 obs. coastal and coast range areas Exposure Factor Datasets Colusa, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Yolo +/- 11 95% CI
Citation:

Breeding behavior of the American kestrel (sparrow hawk)

Author(s)
Willoughby, Ernest J. and Tom J. Cade
Pages
75-96
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28.4 mean incubation period in captivity d Both Male and Female Embryo 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding Laboratory

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Metabolic responses of mourning doves to short-term food and temperature stresses in winter

Author(s)
Ivacic, Donald L. and Ronald F. Labisky
Pages
182-196
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 140.4 mean body weight g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 6 captured at Dundee, IL Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 10.5 SD Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 129.6 mean body weight g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 14 captured at Dundee, IL Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 6.9 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Mourning dove production in four Idaho orchards and some possible implications

Author(s)
Fichter, Edson
Pages
438-447
Year
Issue
4
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 208 number of nests found in 13.4 acres of orchards Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported near American Falls Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting latter two-thirds of July time of peak nesting activity Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported near American Falls Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the mourning dove in California

Author(s)
Browning, Bruce M.
Pages
91-115
Year
Issue
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, wheat, California poppy, barley, red maids, Napa thistle, miner's lettuce, prostrate pigweed principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 183 crops inner coast mountains Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Dietary Composition barley, milo, canary grass, flax, lambs quarter, water grass, wheat, cup grass, watermelon, sunflower principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 214 crops Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial
Citation:

The relationship of the external surface area of birds to skin surface area and body mass

Author(s)
Walsberg, Glenn E. and James R. King
Pages
185-189
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Surface Area 241 measured area of skin beneath feathers of 649.1 g bird, excluding beak and non-feathered portions of legs cm^2 Not Reported Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Surface Area 198 measured area of the external plumage surface of 649.1 g bird, excluding beak and non-feathered portions of legs cm^2 Not Reported Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Mourning dove production in southwestern Iowa

Author(s)
McClure, Elliot H.
Pages
64-75
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 13.7% percent of young hatched that did not survive to fledging % Not Reported Hatchling 3580 hatchlings Lewis, Cass County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Minnesota

Author(s)
Harris, Stanley W., Marius A. Morse, and William H. Longley
Pages
150-172
Year
Issue
1
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting April-October period from onset of egg laying through fledging Both Male and Female Adult ~81 nests/year Madelia Research Center, Watonwan County Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of total annual nesting population, over 3 yrs pairs Both Male and Female Adult 65-100 pairs Madelia Research Center, Watonwan County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Adult mourning dove survival during spring/summer in northcentral Missouri

Author(s)
Schulz, John H., Ronald D. Drobney, Steven L. Sheriff, Wesley J. Fuemmeler
Pages
148-154
Year
Issue
1
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.716 overall survival of radiomarked individuals Both Male and Female Adult 315 Davisdale and Mussel Fork Wildlife Areas Exposure Factor Datasets 0.651-0.782 95% CI
Citation:

Nesting habits of the mourning dove in Alabama

Author(s)
Pearson, Allen M. and George C. Moore
Pages
468-473
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 592 clutches near Auburn Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Behavior and population ecology of the burrowing owl, Speotyto cunicularia, in the Imperial Valley of California

Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
162-176
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density breeding season density based on roadside censuses birds/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density fall/winter season density based on roadside censuses birds/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the burrowing owl in central Oregon

Author(s)
Maser, Chris, E. Wayne Hammer and Stanley H. Anderson
Pages
19-26
Year
Issue
1
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (50), insects (108), birds (1) number of prey items found in sample pellets Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 39 pellets Crooked River National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 70 % Both Male and Female Juvenile 40 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 19 % Both Male and Female Adult 18 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia)

Author(s)
Haug, Elizabeth A., Brian A. Millsap and Mark S. Martell
Pages
1-20
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Ventilatory responses of the burrowing owl and bobwhite to hypercarbia and hypoxia

Author(s)
Boggs, Dona F. and Delbert L. Kilgore, Jr.
Pages
527-533
Year
Volume
149
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Inhalation Rate 39.7 average resting inhalation rate per minute Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.16 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 4.28 average resting oxygen consumption ml STPD/min Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.12 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology and behavior

Author(s)
Martin, Dennis J.
Pages
446-456
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 78 total number of young observed on study site young/study site Both Male and Female Juvenile 15 pairs Albuquerque Exposure Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Arthropod diet of a western horned owl

Author(s)
Ohlendorf, Harry M.
Pages
124-125
Year
Issue
1
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition wolf spider (1), centipede (2), tarantula (3), grasshopper (1), walking stick (2) numbers of prey items in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 1 owl 13 mi NE Fort Davis, Jeff Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Notes on nesting great horned owls in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Mader, William J.
Pages
109-111
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.1 rate of production of young at least 4 weeks old young/nest Not Reported Nestling 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Fledging or Weaning Rate 9/16 fraction of nests that sucessfully raised at least one nestling to the age of 4 weeks successful nests/total nests Both Male and Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Apr 14 earliest hatching date Not Reported Nestling 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 density of nesting pairs pair/3 mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Red-tailed hawk and horned owl populations in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Orians, Gordon and Frank Kuhlman
Pages
371-385
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb 5-15 peak period of egg laying Female Adult 11-17 nests (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate mean number of fledglings produced per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 11-17 nests (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diet, cast composition, and energy and nutrient intake of red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura)

Author(s)
Tabaka, Christopher S., Duane E. Ullrey, James G. Sikarskie, Sharon R. DeBar and Pao K. Ku
Pages
187-196
Year
Issue
2
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 115 weight consumed per day on an all chick diet g/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls Exposure Factor Datasets 16.9 SD Laboratory

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Notes on egg-laying, incubation, and nestling periods and of food brought to the nest by four species of cavity-nesting birds

Author(s)
Duyck, Bill E. and Douglas B. McNair
Pages
21-29
Year
Issue
2
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 11 incubation period d Not Reported Embryo 1 nest Asheville, Buncombe County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Moore, William S.
Pages
1-28
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Geographic variation in clutch size in the northern flicker (Colaptes auratus): support for Ashmole's hypothesis

Author(s)
Koenig, Walter D.
Pages
698-706
Year
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 6.5 average size of clutches existing in North American museum collections eggs/clutch Female Adult 411 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets 1.4 SD Laboratory

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 50% proportion of nestlings known or believed to have fledged Both Male and Female Fledgling 8 nests Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.14 mean clutch size in renests eggs/nest Female Adult 29 nests Wooster and Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1 SE
Citation:

Migration of the willow flycatcher along the middle Rio Grande

Author(s)
Yong, Wang, and Deborah M. Finch
Pages
253-268
Year
Issue
2
Volume
109
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 12.7 mean body weight of all birds (subspecies not separated) g Not Reported Adult 84 Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) Exposure Factor Datasets 1.2 SD
Body Fat (total or %) 1 (8%) to 2.4 (20%) total fat mass in birds with 8% or 20% fat-free body mass g Not Reported Adult 8-42 captures per habitat type Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Traill's flycatcher breeding biology

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
50-68
Year
Issue
3
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.68 mean first clutch size eggs Female Adult 31 nests Toledo, Wooster, OH Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1 SE
Citation:

Nest success and age-specific mortality in Traill's flycatchers

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
837-841
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 36.4% percent of young fledged of total eggs laid Not Reported Fledgling 272 eggs, 91 nests Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE Exposure Factor Datasets

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

A comparison of transects and point counts in oak-pine woodlands of California

Author(s)
Verner, Jared and Lyman V. Ritter
Pages
47-68
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density 71.2 density estimate on a grazed plot by transect counts using an exponential polynomial model birds/40 ha Not Reported Not Reported 64 birds San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera 49.6-92.8 95% CI
Population Density 72.8 density estimate on an ungrazed plot by point count using an exponential polynomial model birds/40 ha Not Reported Not Reported 43 birds San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera 50.1-95.5 95% CI

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Patterns of growth and movements in a population of Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis (caudata: plethodontidae) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Staub, N.L., C.W. Brown and D.B. Wake
Pages
593-599
Year
Issue
4
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.092 change in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) mm/d Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras USA 0.0071

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Ptilochronology: A potential biomarker for assessing territory quality and habitat suitability in shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
276-279
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Territory Size range of post-breeding territory size ha Not Reported Adult 21 territories Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Foraging Distance 6.5 maximum distance travelled from a fence post to a prey item on ground m Not Reported Adult 21 territories Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding ecology of Lanius ludovicianus nesting in sagebrush

Author(s)
Woods, Christopher P.
Pages
244-250
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 5.1 average number of fledglings per sucessful pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 65 pairs Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 1.5 SD
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning age at which young left nests d Not Reported Fledgling 65 pairs Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Habitat selection and breeding biology of loggerhead shrikes in eastern Ontario and Quebec

Author(s)
Chabot, Amy, Rodger D. Titman and David M. Bird
Pages
155-156
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size average clutch sizes, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 17 average incubation period, 2 years d Not Reported Embryo 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Dietary Composition review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Remizidae through Parulinae

Author(s)
Klimkiewicz, M. Kathleen, Roger B. Clapp and Anthony G. Futcher
Pages
287-294
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 12-6 age of oldest identified banded individual yr-mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Natural history of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Author(s)
Barlow, Jon C.
Pages
243-296
Year
Issue
5
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.39 mean clutch size (over 2 years) eggs/clutch Female Adult 33 records Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14 d Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Brown-headed cowbirds and an island population of song sparrows: a 16-year study

Author(s)
Smith James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
916-934
Year
Issue
4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying 24 Feb-19 April Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of supplemental food on growth and adult size in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
1416-1423
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Body Weight - Mean 15.43 without suppl. food d 6 g Not Reported Chick 44 Exposure Factor Datasets 6 d CANADA
Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 3.08 egg mass; no difference between fed and non-fed fenales g Female Adult 15 fed and 34 non-fed females Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of granular formulations of terbufos and fonofos applied to cornfields on mortality and reproductive success of songbirds

Author(s)
Knapton, Richard W., and Pierre Mineau
Pages
138-153
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 29.4% proportion of successful nests containing unhatched eggs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 32 nests southwestern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis observed number of days chicks spent in nest d Not Reported Fledgling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Nesting ecology and production of western grebes at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark L. and Jessop B. Low
Pages
66-70
Year
Issue
1
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying early July peak of laying period Female Adult 386 nests Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Growth Rate 90.5 growth rate during maximum growth phase g/day Both Male and Female Nestling 65 chicks St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.8 SE

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Brood size and chick position as factors influencing feeding frequency, growth, and survival of nestling double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus

Author(s)
Leger, Claire and Raymond McNeil
Pages
351-361
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Food Ingestion Rate mean meal weight of chicks aged 5-37 days g Not Reported Juvenile 2 chicks Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake

Author(s)
Mitchell, Ronald M.
Pages
1-23
Year
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 eggs/nest Female Adult Not Reported Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,118 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 44 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets initiation prebasic molt 21 SE
Citation:

Protein costs of the prebasic molt of female mallards

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
263-266
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate 3.9 g protein/day Female Adult 183 birds Ted Shanks Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Douglas H. Johnson and David E. Sharp
Pages
122-130
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 49.3 egg weight g Not Reported Embryo 27 central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets freshly laid egg 3.5 SD
Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.78 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 22 hens prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets after second year
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal late August/early September (begin), September (peak) Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival of radio-marked mallard ducklings in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
82-87
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 0.344 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method Not Reported Chick 50 Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 50 days
Citation:

Metabolizable energy of small grains for mallards

Author(s)
Sugden, Lawson G.
Pages
781-785
Year
Issue
4
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 38.01 The value is an average calculated from average intake on eight different diets. See table 1 p. 783 for specific diet averages. grams/duck/day Female Juvenile 12 Exposure Factor Datasets 18 -20 weeks old Laboratory
Citation:

Reproductive capacities of control mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos) during a one-generation reproduction study

Author(s)
Piccirillo, V.J. and R.P. Quesenberry
Pages
133-140
Year
Issue
5/6
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 574.7-1182.8 g/wk range of mean food consumption over the breeding period Both Male and Female Adult 90 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Molt migration of postbreeding female mallards from Suisun Marsh, California

Author(s)
Yarris, Gregory S., M. Robert McLandress and Alison E.H. Perkins
Pages
36-45
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal May 22 to July 10 timing of departure from breeding grounds Female Adult 34 Suisun Marsh, Grizzly Island Exposure Factor Datasets Solano
Citation:

Mid-winter food use and body weights of mallards and wood ducks in Mississippi

Author(s)
Delnicki, D. and K.J. Reinecke
Pages
43-51
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,079 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 641 Mississippi Alluvial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 4 (SE)
Citation:

Temporal and geographic estimates of survival and recovery rates for the mallard, 1950 through 1985.

Author(s)
Chu, D.S. and J.B. Hestbeck
Pages
57
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 20
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.5462 survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 Female Adult 1,240 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0561 (SE)
Citation:

Effects of aqueous and dietary exposure of dieldrin on survival, growth and bioconcentration in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Nebeker, Alan V., William L. Griffis, Thomas W. Stutzman, Gerald S. Schuytema, Lori A. Carey and Susan M. Scherer
Pages
687-699
Year
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 379 g Not Reported Juvenile 10 Exposure Factor Datasets 24 d 7 SE Laboratory
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