Birds

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Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14-15 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Time of Nesting mid-March to September 20 nesting season duration (peaks in July) Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Citation:

Nesting ecology of mourning doves in fruit orchards in north-central Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith, David M. Gaudet and Albert W. Erickson
Pages
230-236
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1.8 mean number of eggs laid per nesting attempt Female Adult 123 nests Rufus Woods Lake area Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 90.3% proportion of young fledged in successful nests Both Male and Female Adult 123 nests Rufus Woods Lake area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Molt review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

An eleven-year summary of mourning dove observations in the west

Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 21.7 average number of birds per 100 miles of survey route birds/100 mi Not Reported Not Reported 1000 mi surveyed/mo near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Gonadal and hormonal characteristics of juvenile female mourning doves in Virginia

Author(s)
Mirarchi, R.E., P.F. Scanlon, F.C. Gwazdauskas and R.L. Kirkpatrick
Pages
415-425
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 114.3 mean body weight g Female Juvenile 5 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 131 days 3.3 SE
Age at Sexual Maturity 93 age at which birds were judged capable of reproduction d Female Juvenile 58 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 131 days
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Texas

Author(s)
Swank, Wendell G.
Pages
495-505
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 6.7 mean number of fledglings produced per adult female fledglings/female Both Male and Female Fledgling 7 marked pairs Texas A&M College campus Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 86% estimated mortality rate in the first year, based on band returns Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Texas A&M College campus Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth and calculation of age in mourning dove nestlings

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C. and Michael Jaeger
Pages
843-852
Year
Issue
4
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate see figures growth rates of body weight, body length, wing, alar tract from hatching to fledging Both Male and Female Nestling 53 nestlings Fremont and Waterloo areas Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive capability of wild hatching-year mourning doves in Alabama

Author(s)
White, Lisa M., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Pages
204-211
Year
Issue
1
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 80 age at which birds became capable of breeding d Male Yearling 79 birds Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Trends in the winter distribution and abundance of burrowing owls in North America

Author(s)
James, Paul C. and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
1224-1225
Year
Issue
4
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 7.8 based on Christmas bird counts 1954-1986 per 1,000 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets 2.3 (SD)
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (41.2%), birds (2.0%), insects (23.3%), vegetation (55.5%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 366 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (35.7%), birds (1.3%), insects (27.7%), vegetation (57.4%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 929 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nest site characteristics and reproductive success of burrowing owls (Strigiformes: Strigidae) in Durango, Mexico

Author(s)
Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
143-148
Year
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 61 proportion of pairs that successfully raised at least one young % Both Male and Female Adult 52 nests Mapimf Biosphere Reserve, Durango (1,000-1,350 m) Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia)

Author(s)
Haug, Elizabeth A., Brian A. Millsap and Mark S. Martell
Pages
1-20
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Body Weight - Mean review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Breeding-season food habits of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in southwestern Dominican Republic

Author(s)
Wiley, James W.
Pages
241-245
Year
Issue
3
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Dietary Composition mammals (4.7%), birds (50.4%), amphibians (1.3%), reptiles (12.8%), insects (30.8%) percent composition of diet by biomass % Not Reported Adult 396 identified prey items Sierra de Bahoruco Exposure Factor Datasets nesting DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Citation:

Nesting raptors along the Columbia River in north-central Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith and Albert Erickson
Pages
2-8
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 2 pairs/6669 ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Columbia River Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive ecology of the burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia floridana, in Dade and Broward counties, Florida

Author(s)
Mealey, B.K.
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success reproductive success rate among pairs % Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Dade and Broward counties Exposure Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

New great horned owl longevity record

Author(s)
Nero, Robert W.
Pages
91-92
Year
Issue
2
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 28+ age at time of death yr Female Adult 1 bird Asiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Diet and trophic characteristics of great horned owls in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Marti, Carl D. and Michael N. Kochert
Pages
499-506
Year
Issue
4
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition unident. snake (0.3%), Sylvilagus nuttallii (19.2%), Lepus californicus (14.3%), unident. leporid (16.1%), Spermophilus townsendii (0.6%), Thomomys townsendii (14.6%), Perognathus parvus (0.4%), Dipodomys ordii (11.1%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.2%), Peromyscus spp (2.3%), Neotoma cinerea (4.6%), Neotoma lepida (2.0%), unident. woodrat (0.3%), Microtus montanus (4.7%), Mus musculus (0.7%), Mustela frenata (0.1%), Falco sparverius (0.1%), Phasianus colchicus (1.9%), Callipepla californicus (0.1%), unident. galliform (0.4%), Fulica americana (0.4%), Columba livia (0.9%), Tyto alba (0.3%), Sturnus vulgaris (0.2%), unident. passerine (0.6%), unident. bid (3.4%) occurence in diet as percent of total prey biomass, based on pellet analysis Not Reported Not Reported 14 nesting areas, 1472 prey items Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (42 deg, 50'N, 115 deg, 50'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Monitoring great horned owls for pesticide exposure in southcentral Iowa

Author(s)
Buck, Jeremy A., Larry W. Brewer, Michael J. Hooper, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
321-331
Year
Issue
2
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range home range size (minimum convex polygon model) as determined by radiotelemetry ha Not Reported Not Reported 22 owls Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements, population fluctuations, and mortality among great horned owls

Author(s)
Stewart, Paul A.
Pages
155-162
Year
Issue
2
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 31% mean annual mortality after the first year of banding based on band return data, 1951-1962 Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 97 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Survival/ Mortality 46% mean percent mortality within the first year of banding based on band return data, 1951-1962 Not Reported Juvenile 97 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 estimated population density based on call counts bird/100 acres Not Reported Adult 7 counts San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The growth of some young raptorial birds

Author(s)
Sumner, E. Lowell, Jr.
Pages
277-308
Year
Issue
4
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate see figures figures showing weight increase and feather growth for 0-73 days of age Not Reported Nestling five owls collected in California Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Foraging Distance 0.25 typical maximum distance between two roosting sites mi Both Male and Female Adult 11 home ranges Superior and Ann Arbor townships Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

A monograph of the flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Burns, Frank L.
Pages
1-82
Year
Issue
31
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size range of clutch sizes eggs/clutch Female Adult 191 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Food of the woodpeckers of the United States

Author(s)
Beal, F.E.L.
Pages
7-64
Publisher
Government Printing Office
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition animal food (67.71%), vegetable food (32.26%) percent composition of stomach contents Not Reported Not Reported 183 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Dietary Composition predacious ground beetles (3.89%), other beetles (2.66%), ants (53.82%), Hemiptera (1.84%), caterpillars (2.12%), Orthoptera (1.45%), other insects and spiders (1.96%), grain (2.26%), seeds (19.59%), fruit (10.28%) percent composition of stomach contents Not Reported Not Reported 183 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

The influence of starlings on flicker reproduction when both naturally excavated cavities and artificial nest boxes are available

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
218-225
Year
Issue
2
Volume
110
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.44 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 9 pairs near New Concord Exposure Factor Datasets 2.24 SD
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.78 mean fledging rate fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Juvenile 40 pairs near New Concord Exposure Factor Datasets 2.99 SD
Citation:

A study of radio-equipped flickers

Author(s)
Royall, W.C., Jr., and O.E. Bray
Pages
47-50
Year
Issue
2
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range range of home range size based on telemetry location data ha Not Reported Adult 4 birds, 20-99 radio fixes per bird Lakewood, Jefferson County Exposure Factor Datasets

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Livestock management and productivity of willow flycatchers in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Valentine, Bradley E., Thomas A. Roberts, Stephen P. Boland and A. Peter Woodman
Pages
105-114
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size range of clutch sizes eggs Female Adult 6 nests Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Hatching Success range of hatching success eggs/nest Not Reported Hatchling 6 nests Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.3 average number of fledglings per nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 11 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra 1.3 SD
Fledging or Weaning Rate 29% total egg-to-fledgling success rate Not Reported Fledgling 5 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra
Citation:

The energetic consequences of incubation for two passerine species

Author(s)
Walsberg, Glenn E. and James R. King
Pages
644-655
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 13.2 mean body weight during breeding season g Female Adult 5 birds collection location George E. Hudson Biological Reserve, Whitman County Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 0.325 predicted daytime basal metabolic rate W Not Reported Adult Not Reported collection location George E. Hudson Biological Reserve, Whitman County Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

Behavior of the bush-tit in the breeding season

Author(s)
Addicott, Alice B.
Pages
49-63
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size approximate range of nesting territory diameters yd Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 13 incubation period from start to hatching d Not Reported Embryo 1 clutch Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Reproductive success and nesting habitat of loggerhead shrikes in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E. and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
37-48
Year
Issue
1
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.3 mean clutch size, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 20 nests York County Exposure Factor Datasets 0.6 SD
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 49 nests York County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nest ecology, productivity, and growth of the loggerhead shrike on the shortgrass prairie

Author(s)
Porter, David K., Mark A. Strong, J. Brent Giezentanner and Ronald A. Ryder
Pages
429-436
Year
Issue
4
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 5.40 average number of fledglings produced per nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 65 successful nests Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 5.69 average number of eggs hatched per successful nest eggs/nest Not Reported Hatchling 65 successful nests Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike population in Minnesota

Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Pages
441-450
Year
Issue
3
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.65 average clutch size, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 46 clutches southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 1.17 SD
Hatching Success 4.18 average number of eggs hatched per nest hatchlings/nest Not Reported Hatchling 51 nests southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 2.33 SD
Citation:

Effect of vegetation height on hunting behavior and diet of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
127-131
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Territory Size 8.35 mean territory size in pasture habitat ha Both Male and Female Adult 6 territories Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets 0.66 SD
Dietary Composition Odonata (12.1), Hemiptera (23.0), Coleoptera (22.3), Lepidoptera (7.3), Orthoptera (16.8), Hyla cinerea (7.6), H. squirella (1.7), Gastrophyne carolensis (0.9), Rana spenocephala (0.4), Anolis carolinensis (2.8), Scincella lateralis (4.1), Eumeces inexpectatus (1.0) percent of total prey items caught by observed pairs % Both Male and Female Adult 6 territories Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Population Density review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Observations on the nesting sucess of Bell's vireos in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Clark, Clarence F.
Pages
117-120
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 84 percent of eggs hatched of total number laid % Not Reported Hatchling 24 nests, 70 eggs upper Santa Cruz River Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 59.9 percent of eggs producing fledglings of total eggs laid % Not Reported Hatchling 24 nests, 70 eggs upper Santa Cruz River Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows Part II: Density, Age Structure, and Maintanance

Author(s)
Johnston, Richard F.
Pages
254-272
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 80-85 1 year or younger % Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Effects of supplemental food on growth and adult size in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
1416-1423
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 1.64 no supplemental food young/nest Not Reported Chick 44 nests Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets 6 d CANADA 0.13
Survival/ Mortality 3.87 young raised to independence Not Reported Fledgling 34 nests Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.68 SE
Citation:

Determinants and consequences of nestling condition in song sparrows

Author(s)
Hochachka, Wesley, and James N. M. Smith
Pages
995-1008
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year 2-3 broods/year Not Reported Adult Not Reported Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Growth and development of the thermoregulation in nestling San Miguel Island song sparrow

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Michael D. Kern, Robert Kern and Charles Van Riper III
Pages
773-776
Year
Volume
93
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean see table 1 Not Reported Nestling 6-33 nestlings San Miguel Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0-11 days
Citation:

Variation in breeding season and clutch size in song sparrows of the pacific coast

Author(s)
Richard F. Johnston
Pages
268-273
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size oological collections eggs/nest Both Male and Female Adult 545 records from Baja California to Alaska Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 17 d Both Male and Female Fledgling 16 pairs with suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of granular formulations of terbufos and fonofos applied to cornfields on mortality and reproductive success of songbirds

Author(s)
Knapton, Richard W., and Pierre Mineau
Pages
138-153
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.22 mean clutch size of nests in control plots eggs/clutch Female Adult 32 nests southwestern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.94

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 3 estimated average brood size young/clutch Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation observed range of incubation periods d Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Variation in reproductivity with age in the brown pelican

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Julie A. Keahey
Pages
128-134
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 60.2% percent of eggs producing downy young in succesful nests (nests producing at least one young) Female Adult 133 nests Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age of first nesting in the brown pelican

Author(s)
Williams, Lovett E., Jr. and Ted Joanen
Pages
279-280
Year
Issue
3
Volume
86
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 age of first nesting yr Not Reported Adult 13 nests Barataria Bay Exposure Factor Datasets 3 yr

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Diet of double-crested cormorants wintering in Texas

Author(s)
Campo, Joseph J., Bruce C. Thompson, John C. Barron, Raymond Telfair, II, Phil Durocher and Steve Gutreuter
Pages
135-144
Year
Issue
2
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 2.3 kg Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 420 cormorants east TX Exposure Factor Datasets 0.02 SE
Citation:

Breeding success of double-crested cormorants in the San Francisco Bay Area, California

Author(s)
Stenzel, Lynne E., Harry R. Carter, R. Philip Henderson, Steven D. Emslie, Mark J. Rauzon, Gary W. Page, and Patrick Y. O'Brien
Pages
216-224
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.1+/- 0.1 to 3.2+/- 0.1 mean number of eggs/nest (over 3 years) Female Adult 263-312 nests/year San Francisco Bay estuary Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 76% proportion of nests in which at least one egg hatched Both Male and Female Hatchling 1056 nests San Francisco Bay estuary Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting phenology of the double-crested cormorant

Author(s)
Kushlan, James A. and Linda C. McEwan
Pages
201-206
Year
Issue
2
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting year-round time during which active nests were observed Both Male and Female Adult 30 colonies south FL Exposure Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Fat (total or %) 134 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumate - early migrants, paired 7 SE
Citation:

Home range and habitat use of forest-dwelling mallards in Minnesota

Author(s)
Kirby, Ronald E., John H. Riechmann and Lewis M. Cowardin
Pages
215-219
Year
Issue
2
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 540 ha Female Adult 8 Bemidji, Beltrami Co. Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting April 26 - June 6 Not Reported prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age-related aspects of mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Krapu, Gary L. and Harold A. Doty
Pages
35-39
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 10.3 eggs Female Adult 46 nests prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 1.1 SD
Citation:

Feeding ecology of mallards wintering in Nebraska

Author(s)
Jorde, Dennis G., Gary L. Krapu and Richard D. Crawford
Pages
1044-1053
Year
Issue
4
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition corn (51.7%), milo (2.6%), other plant (16.5%), mollusca (snails, clams; 2.9%), insecta (0.3%) food item occurrence in esophageal contents, expressed as aggregate percent dry weight Not Reported Not Reported 68 birds along Platte River, between Lexington and Gibbon, Nebraska Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impacts of changing irrigation practices on waterfowl habitat use in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Barnum, D.A. and N.H. Euliss, Jr.
Pages
10-21
Year
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 0.25 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported hunting clubs Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Citation:

Heart and body growth in ducks

Author(s)
Gille, U. and F.V. Salomon
Pages
75-81
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate 1.81%/d maximum growth rate relative to asymptotic weight Male Juvenile 48 Exposure Factor Datasets 0-154 d Laboratory
Citation:

The Central, Imperial, and Coachella Valleys of California

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E., Daniel P. Connelly, and Roger L. Pederson
Pages
475-505
Publisher
Texas Tech University Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 30,438 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Distribution and survival of mallards banded at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge

Author(s)
Jarvis, Robert L., and Sean B. Furniss
Pages
292-301
Year
Issue
3
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.586 estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) Female Adult Not Reported Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 0.081 (SE)
Citation:

Food availability and preference of juvenile mallards

Author(s)
Chura, Nicholas J.
Pages
121-134
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Dietary Composition flora (89.4%), fauna (10.6%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 36-45 d
Citation:

Growth and energy consumption by captive mallards

Author(s)
Sugden, Lawson G., E.A. Driver and Michael C.S. Kingsley
Pages
1567-1570
Issue
8
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 936.1 mean body weight of 8 week old mallards g Both Male and Female Juvenile 15 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Fall and spring body weights and condition indices of ducks in Illinois

Author(s)
Hine, Christoper S., Stephen P. Havera, Richard M. Whitton, Jerome R. Serie
Pages
197-213
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,240 g Female Adult 220 Illinois and Mississippi river valleys Exposure Factor Datasets hunter-harvested 8 SE

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of a kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrius) population in an inland saline lake

Author(s)
Fraga, Rosendo M., and Juan A. Amat
Pages
69-85
Year
Issue
1
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 2.63 clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 316 nests Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

A case of esophageal analysis in shorebird food studies

Author(s)
Rundle, W. Dean
Pages
249-257
Year
Issue
3
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Dietary Composition Physidae (0.9%), Odonata larvae (1.3%), Corixidae adult (1.3%), Coleoptera adult (25.5%), Coleoptera larvae (21.2%), Coleoptera adult pieces (17.0%), Diptera larvae (18.3%), Hymenoptera adult (6.1%), Unidentified (2.6%), plant fibers (1.3%), grit (4.5%) volumetric aggregate percent of esophageal contents Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 15 birds Mingo National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets migrating

Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)

Citation:

Impacts of predators: center nests are less successful than edge nests in a large nesting colony of least terns

Author(s)
Brunton, Dianne H.
Pages
372-380
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 0.79-1.31 mean hatching success during two years of study eggs hatched/nest Not Reported Chick 545-606 nests per study year Sandy Point, West Haven Exposure Factor Datasets

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 17 pairs/172 miles of river Both Male and Female Adult 17 pairs Yukon River Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

The peregrine falcon: life history and population literature

Author(s)
Hickey, Joseph J. and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
3-42
Publisher
University of Wisconsin Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population ecology of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus in Baden-Wuerttemberg, 1965-1991

Author(s)
Wegner, Peter
Pages
p.211-218
Publisher
Pica Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality brood survival; increase to 60% in 1991, due to protective measures % Not Reported Fledgling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets GERMANY
Citation:

American Peregrine Falcon

Author(s)
Aldrich, John A.
Pages
1-14
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets USA

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 109.4 average home range - breeding ha Both Male and Female Adult 32 Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

Reproductive patterns in captive American kestrels (sparrow hawks)

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D. and Stanley N. Wiemeyer
Pages
46-53
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 28.4 mean nestling period d Both Male and Female Fledgling 29 chicks Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Diet, capture success, and mode of hunting by female American kestrels in winter

Author(s)
Collopy, Michael W. and James R. Koplin
Pages
369-371
Year
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition invertebrates (10.5%), herpetofauna (2.4%), mammals (79.1%), birds (8.0%) dietary composition (% of total biomass), 1972-1973 Female Not Reported 4 Arcata Bottoms Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt
Citation:

Food habits and abundance of raptors in an agricultural area of Tulare County, California

Author(s)
Hawkins, Cole Carlson
Pages
102
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition insects (97%), isopod (5%), birds (27%), mammals (25%) percent occurrence in sample pellets Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Tulare
Citation:

The hunting behavior of American kestrels: Applications of foraging theory

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri Gale
Pages
64
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition mammal (82%), insect (16%), other (2%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult 116 pellets agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 10 number of nesting pairs counted annually on study site pairs/1476 sq km Both Male and Female Adult 4 years Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Food Ingestion Rate averages of food amounts eaten per day g Both Male and Female Not Reported 3 birds Exposure Factor Datasets captive Laboratory
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