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Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Nesting ecology of the loggerhead shrike in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack D.
Pages
95-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 60 average percent of nests that fledged at least 1 young, 4 years % Not Reported Fledgling 133 pairs Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5.8 average clutch size, 4 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 101 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 16.9 average incubation period, 4 years d Both Male and Female Embryo 55 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 16.8 d Not Reported Fledgling 28 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 122 pairs Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 64 overall nestling survival rate % Not Reported Nestling 90 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 46 calculated probability of survival of any nest from incubation onset to end of fledging % Not Reported Fledgling 109 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike population in Minnesota

Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Pages
441-450
Year
Issue
3
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 48 pairs southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5.65 average clutch size, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 46 clutches southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 1.17 SD
Hatching Success 4.18 average number of eggs hatched per nest hatchlings/nest Not Reported Hatchling 51 nests southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 2.33 SD
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.02 average number of fledglings produced per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 60 nesting attempts southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 2.07 SD
Survival/ Mortality 0.47 annual adult survival (based on reoccupancy rate from the previous year), over 3 years Both Male and Female Adult 16-37 territories/year southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Habitat selection and breeding biology of loggerhead shrikes in eastern Ontario and Quebec

Author(s)
Chabot, Amy, Rodger D. Titman and David M. Bird
Pages
155-156
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size average clutch sizes, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 17 average incubation period, 2 years d Not Reported Embryo 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Hatching Success average number of hatchlings per nest, 2 years hatchlings/nest Not Reported Hatchling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Not Reported Fledgling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Fledging or Weaning Rate average number of young surviving to fledge per nest, 2 years fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Resource dependence and territory size in loggehead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
465-469
Year
Issue
2
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Territory Size 9.3 ha Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets 3.8 SD
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.1 mean number of fledglings produced per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 24 clutches Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 24 clutches Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets 0.9 SD
Hatching Success 33.8 percent of eggs that produced hatchlings by the day after the first hatch % Not Reported Hatchling 24 clutches Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets 47.6 SD
Body Weight - Mean 33.0 mean body weight of 10 day old nestlings g Not Reported Nestling 18 nestlings Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets 2.6 SD
Clutches or Litters per year number of clutches laid per season per pair clutches/pair Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of vegetation height on hunting behavior and diet of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
127-131
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Territory Size 8.35 mean territory size in pasture habitat ha Both Male and Female Adult 6 territories Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets 0.66 SD
Dietary Composition Odonata (12.1), Hemiptera (23.0), Coleoptera (22.3), Lepidoptera (7.3), Orthoptera (16.8), Hyla cinerea (7.6), H. squirella (1.7), Gastrophyne carolensis (0.9), Rana spenocephala (0.4), Anolis carolinensis (2.8), Scincella lateralis (4.1), Eumeces inexpectatus (1.0) percent of total prey items caught by observed pairs % Both Male and Female Adult 6 territories Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nestling diet and prey-delivery rates of loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E., Joseph Papp and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
1-5
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Orthoptera (59); Lepidoptera (15); Coleoptera (10); arthropod larvae (8); mammals; reptiles and amphibians (4); unident. arthropods (3) percent of total identified prey items delivered to the nest % Not Reported Nestling 1 pair, 155 identified prey York County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Densities of loggerhead shrike on study blocks in southeastern Alberta inventoried in both 1993 and 1996

Author(s)
Bjorge, Ronald R., and Henk P.L. Kiliaan
Pages
217-219
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density 90-96 range of densities over 2 sampling years individuals/ 12 study blocks Not Reported Adult 2 sample years southeastern Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Dietary Composition review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Metabolic Rate review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Territory Size review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Time of Nesting review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Body Weight - Mean review Both Adults and Juveniles Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Clutches or Litters per year review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Clutch or Litter Size review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Age at Sexual Maturity review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Hatching Success review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Population Density review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Observations on the nesting sucess of Bell's vireos in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Clark, Clarence F.
Pages
117-120
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 84 percent of eggs hatched of total number laid % Not Reported Hatchling 24 nests, 70 eggs upper Santa Cruz River Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 59.9 percent of eggs producing fledglings of total eggs laid % Not Reported Hatchling 24 nests, 70 eggs upper Santa Cruz River Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Remizidae through Parulinae

Author(s)
Klimkiewicz, M. Kathleen, Roger B. Clapp and Anthony G. Futcher
Pages
287-294
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 6 -11 age of oldest identified banded individual yr-mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Natural history of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Author(s)
Barlow, Jon C.
Pages
243-296
Year
Issue
5
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Territory Size range in sizes of areas used by nesting pairs ac Both Male and Female Adult 9 pairs Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.39 mean clutch size (over 2 years) eggs/clutch Female Adult 33 records Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14 d Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning period from hatching to leaving nest d Not Reported Fledgling 8 birds Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year number of broods raised in one nesting season clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 9 pairs Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding behavior of the bell vireo in southern Indiana

Author(s)
Nolan, Val, Jr.
Pages
225-244
Year
Issue
4
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition
Territory Size nesting territory size ac Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying May 25, 26 (first clutch); June 10, 17 (second clutch) initiation dates of first and second clutches Both Male and Female Adult 2 nests Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean g Not Reported Hatchling 3 birds Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets day of hatch
Duration of Incubation or Gestation Not Reported Embryo 3 eggs Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning period from hatching to leaving nestd d Not Reported Fledgling 6 birds Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean g Male Adult 3 birds Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets feeding young
Body Weight - Mean g Female Adult 4 birds Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets feeding young
Body Weight - Mean 8.3 mean body weight g Not Reported Nestling 3 birds Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets 6-7 d post-hatch
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Territory Size review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Time of Molt review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Clutches or Litters per year review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Clutch or Litter Size review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Hatching Success review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Food habits of the vireos: a family of insectivorous birds

Author(s)
Chapin, Edward A.
Pages
1-41
Publisher
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Department Bulletin No. 1355
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Hemiptera (34.43%), Orthoptera (18.52%), Lepidoptera (20.63%), Coleoptera (15.26%), Hymenoptera (6.44%), other insects and spiders (2.71%), vegetable food (0.7%) percent occurrence of food items in stomachs Not Reported Not Reported 52 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Bird nesting in Iowa no-tillage and tilled cropland

Author(s)
Basore, Nancy S., Louis B. Best, and James B. Wooley, Jr.
Pages
19-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 4 (+/-4) mean nest densities in strip cover along fields nests/100 ha Both Male and Female Adult 35 fields Adair County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Song sparrows grow and shrink with age

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M., Peter Arcese, and Dolph Schluter
Pages
210-212
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Body Weight - Mean g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 11-37 birds Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets 9 - >90 wks CANADA
Body Weight - Mean g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2-17 birds Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets 9 - >90 wks CANADA
Citation:

Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows Part II: Density, Age Structure, and Maintanance

Author(s)
Johnston, Richard F.
Pages
254-272
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 8-10 pairs/acre Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Clutch or Litter Size 3.14 eggs/nest Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Population Density pairs/100 acres Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 eggs/pair/year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Longevity up to 7 years Both Male and Female Adult 6 animals (from 1000) San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Survival/ Mortality 80-85 1 year or younger % Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Variation in breeding season and clutch size in song sparrows of the pacific coast

Author(s)
Richard F. Johnston
Pages
268-273
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size oological collections eggs/nest Both Male and Female Adult 545 records from Baja California to Alaska Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying early Feb.-July Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported California to Washington Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Brown-headed cowbirds and an island population of song sparrows: a 16-year study

Author(s)
Smith James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
916-934
Year
Issue
4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Hatching Success % Both Male and Female Adult 4733 eggs Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Time of Mating/ Laying 24 Feb-19 April Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 3.12 median egg weight g Both Male and Female Adult 387 eggs Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets breeding CANADA
Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Territory Size 9.1 territory width across sloughs m Both Male and Female Adult 64 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Citation:

Environmental and endocrine control of reproduction in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia. I. Temporal Organization of the breeding cycle

Author(s)
Wingfield, John C.
Pages
406-416
Year
Issue
3
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 2 clutches/year Both Male and Female Adult about 5 each Rockefeller University field research center Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Molt 9 August-10 November includes prebasic molt Both Male and Female Not Reported about 10 Rockefeller University field research center Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive success of grassland birds at east-central Illinois airports

Author(s)
Kershner, Eric L., and Eric K. Bollinger
Pages
358-366
Year
Volume
136
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.44 proportion of nests that fledged at least one young Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests airports in east-central IL Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.02 nest density nests/ha Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests airports in east-central IL Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Determinants of lifetime reproductive success in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M
Pages
154-172
Publisher
University of Chicago Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Longevity 6 years Male Chick, Not Reported 2 males out of 51 male and female; 7 year study Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 11.1 numbers of eggs laid Female Adult 79 females Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.76
Clutch or Litter Size 10.1 number of eggs fertilized Female Adult, Both Adults and Juveniles 96 males Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.97
Clutches or Litters per year 2 clutches/year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of supplemental food on growth and adult size in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
1416-1423
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.41 brood size with supplemental food young/nest Not Reported Chick 34 nests Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets 6 d CANADA 0.17
Clutch or Litter Size 1.64 no supplemental food young/nest Not Reported Chick 44 nests Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets 6 d CANADA 0.13
Survival/ Mortality 3.87 young raised to independence Not Reported Fledgling 34 nests Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.68 SE
Survival/ Mortality 0.98 young raised to independence young/pair Not Reported Chick 34 nests Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.17
Body Weight - Mean 16.69 with supplemental food at d 6 g Not Reported Chick 31 Exposure Factor Datasets 6 d CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 15.43 without suppl. food d 6 g Not Reported Chick 44 Exposure Factor Datasets 6 d CANADA
Body Weight - Mean with & without supplemental food g Female Adult 27 Exposure Factor Datasets 56-108 d CANADA
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