Birds
Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 36.4% | percent of young fledged of total eggs laid | Not Reported | Fledgling | 272 eggs, 91 nests | Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success | 54.8 % | percent of eggs hatched of total eggs laid | Not Reported | Hatchling | 272 eggs, 91 nests | Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Fat (total or %) | 1 (8%) to 2.4 (20%) | total fat mass in birds with 8% or 20% fat-free body mass | g | Not Reported | Adult | 8-42 captures per habitat type | Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Body Weight - Mean | 13.31 | mean body weight of adastus subspecies | g | Not Reported | Adult | 9 captures | Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.19 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 3.14 | mean clutch size in renests | eggs | Female | Adult | 29 nests | Toledo, Wooster, OH | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.1 SE |
Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 72.8 | density estimate on an ungrazed plot by point count using an exponential polynomial model | birds/40 ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | 43 birds | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets | Madera | 50.1-95.5 95% CI |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Territory Size | 0.4 | average territory size based on > 400 point observations | ha | Not Reported | Adult | 12 territories | Jasper Ridge Biological Experimental Area, nr Portola Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Mateo | breeding | 0.08 |
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 3.8 | average clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 64 clutches | Archbold Biological Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.8 SD |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | range of average incubation periods, in two habitats, for successful nests | d | Not Reported | Embryo | 64 clutches | Archbold Biological Station | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foraging Distance | 9.2 | maximum distance travelled from a cabbage palm to a prey item on ground | m | Not Reported | Adult | 21 territories | Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | late Feb (begin), April (peak) | time of nesting activity | Both Male and Female | Adult | 133 pairs | Lawton, Comanche County | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Hatching Success | 84 | average percent of nests that hatched at least 1 young, 4 years | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | 133 pairs | Lawton, Comanche County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hatching Success | average number of hatchlings per nest, 2 years | hatchlings/nest | Not Reported | Hatchling | 27-52 pairs/yr | eastern Ontario, Quebec | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | 27-52 pairs/yr | eastern Ontario, Quebec | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA | |
Territory Size | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | survival rate of juveniles prior to dispersal from the breeding territory | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 36 nests | Yakima Training Center | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | period from hatching to leaving nest | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | 8 birds | Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutches or Litters per year | number of broods raised in one nesting season | clutches/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 9 pairs | Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO, USA | |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO, USA |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Territory Size | 9.1 | territory width across sloughs | m | Both Male and Female | Adult | 64 sample areas | Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | breeding |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | with & without suppl. food | Male | Adult | 23 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 56-108 d | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 4.2 | mean mass of nestlings 1 d old; no addtn. food | g | Not Reported | Nestling | 14 nestlings | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.17 SE |
Body Weight - Mean | 15.55 | mean mass of nestlings 6 d old; no suppl. food | g | Not Reported | Nestling | 60 nestlings | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.31 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 1.69 (40) | mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) | pairs/square mile | Both Male and Female | Adult | 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | 2 | clutches/year | Both Male and Female | Adult | about 5 each | Rockefeller University field research center | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 7.8 | median density; 10 fold fluctuation over 15 yr period | females/ha | Female | Not Reported | 19 years | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | range of mean breeding bird densities on three grassland-sagebrush sites (over two years) | territories/16 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 sites | Wasatch National Forest | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Nesting | first two weeks of May | peak time of nest initiation | Both Male and Female | Adult | 46 nests | near Delta, Manitoba | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | ||
Clutch or Litter Size | 5.41 | mean size of clutches laid early (pre-May 1), mid (May 1-10), or late season (post-May 10) | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 41 nests | near Delta, Manitoba | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.14 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 101.5 | mean body weight | g | Male | Adult | 8 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | estimates of asymptotic weights | g | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 4 birds | Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | range of mean body weights | g | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | 18 birds | Commencement Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 3.2 | mean clutch size among successful nests | eggs | Female | Adult | 32 nests | St. Lawrence estuary | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.2 SE |
Hatching Success | 2.8 | proportion of eggs hatched per nest among successful nests | eggs/nest | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 32 nests | St. Lawrence estuary | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.2 SE |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 34.7 | g | Not Reported | Hatchling | 33 chicks | Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 2.96 SD | |
Body Weight - Mean | 1900.5 | mean asymptotic weight of fledglings | g | Not Reported | Fledgling | 33 chicks | Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 189.8 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | sculpin, rock gunnel, blueback herring, alewife, wrymouth, sand shrimp, cunner, American eel, rock crab, N. Caridean shrimp, sand shrimp, white perch, yellow perch, rainbow smelt, N. lobster, Atlantic tomcod | primary dietary items from nestling regurgitant samples | Not Reported | Nestling | 673 samples | Penobscot Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 28 | average incubation | d | Not Reported | Hatchling | 16 eggs | Utah Lake, Utah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 1,085 | g | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 29 | Mingo Basin | Exposure Factor Datasets | alternate plumage, paired | 18 SE |
Body Fat (total or %) | 188 | g (lipid) | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 23 | Mingo Basin | Exposure Factor Datasets | late prebasic molt | 13 SE |
Body Weight - Mean | 983 | g | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 21 | Mingo Basin | Exposure Factor Datasets | alternate plumage, unpaired | 20 SE |
Body Fat (total or %) | 219 | g (lipid) | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 6 | Mingo Basin | Exposure Factor Datasets | basic plumage, prespring migration departure | 13 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 70 | Study area was 67% upland forest, 33% lakes and wetlands. | ha | Female | Adult | 8 | western edge of Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami Co. | Exposure Factor Datasets | during the laying period |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.51 | fully feathered young/hen | Not Reported | Juvenile | 74 hens | prairie pothole region of North Dakota | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.45 | fully feathered young/hen | Not Reported | Juvenile | 41 hens | prairie pothole region, North Dkota | Exposure Factor Datasets | second year |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | 1 | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
Survival/ Mortality | 46 | These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. | % | Female | Juvenile | not reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Time of Mating/ Laying | March 25 (begin) - May 20 (end) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 0.366 | Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method | Not Reported | Chick | 41 | Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | 50 days |
Survival/ Mortality | 0.410 | Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method | Not Reported | Chick | 50 | Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | 10 days |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 0.728 | spring-summer survival (proportion) | Female | Yearling | 1,246 | Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.079 (SE) |
Survival/ Mortality | 0.915 | summer to spring survival (proportion) | Female | Adult | 11,139 | Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.090 (SE) |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hatching Success | 91.4% | Mean hatch success of successful nests | Female | Adult | 178 | Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges | Exposure Factor Datasets | Modoc, Siskiyou |
Time of Hatching or Parturition | May-July | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges | Exposure Factor Datasets | Modoc, Siskiyou |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 28 | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | Not Reported | lower Flathead Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 0.3948 | survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 | Male | Juvenile | 1,396 | Central California | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.0458 (SE) |
Survival/ Mortality | 0.5447 | survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 | Female | Adult | 13,704 | Northern California | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.0128 (SE) |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 0.72 | ducks/acre | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Conaway Ranch | Exposure Factor Datasets | Yolo | non-breeding |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Hatching or Parturition | June 14 | Average date of hatching for 3 years straight (1963-65) | 50 broods | Northwest Territories, Canada | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 43.35 | The value is an average calculated from average intake on eight different diets. See table 1 p. 783 for specific diet averages. | grams/duck/day | Male | Juvenile | 12 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 18 - 20 weeks | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 1,239 | g | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | 1,477 | Mississippi Alluvial Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3 (SE) |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longevity | 23-05 | from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data | yr-mo | Not Reported | Adult | 522,261 band recoveries | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longevity | 10-11 | from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data | yr-mo | Not Reported | Adult | 86 band recoveries | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 1(+/-2) to 5 (+/-6) | mean nest densities in untilled corn or soybean fields | nests/100 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8-9 fields | Adair County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Hatching or Parturition | Mar. - Apr. | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 3 breeding pairs | Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | May - June | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 3 breeding pairs | Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 43 | percent of adults lost before next breeding season; adults produced brood sizes of 3-4 | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 44 | Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Survival/ Mortality | 23 | percent of adults lost before next breeding season; adults produced brood sizes of 0-2 | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 60 | Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Sexual Maturity | 2.8 (female); 2.6 (male) | mean age when first captured as a breeding adult | yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 females; 5 males | Colville, Sagavanirktok, Yukon, and Tanana Rivers | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Range | 89.7-94.7 | range of home range sizes | square km | Female | Adult | 2 | Cape Peninsula | Exposure Factor Datasets | SOUTH AFRICA |
Foraging Distance | 9.2 | maximum distance travelled from nest cliff | km | Female | Adult | 2 | Cape Peninsula | Exposure Factor Datasets | SOUTH AFRICA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | mortality rate in Germany and Finland of ringed birds | % | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 209 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-14 years | FINLAND, GERMANY |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hatching Success | 89.3 | % | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 168 | Sagehen Creek Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Nevada, Sierra | ||
Dietary Composition | insects (31.7%), reptiles (26.0%), birds (16.6%), mammals (25.7%) | percent of prey by prey weight | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Sagehen Creek Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Nevada, Sierra | breeding |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Migration or Dispersal | August (begin), October (peak), November (end) | time period of fall migration | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 276 | Pt. Diablo, Marin Headlands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Marin |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 4 | wintering population size | individuals/43 sq mi | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | agricultural lands | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 0.465 | mortality rate of banded individuals, 1946-65 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6,544 | throughout USA and Canada | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA | 0.017 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 0.22 | mean density in study area | individuals per km2 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 years | rural and urban lands | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 43.6 | average and range of daily caloric intake (food provided ad libidum) | cal/d | Male | Adult | 1 bird | Exposure Factor Datasets | sedentary, injured | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 88% | percent of nests that fledged at least one young | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 42 nests | Portage County (44deg27'N, 89deg40'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 48.0 % | mean annual mortality rate | Both Male and Female | Adult | 725 birds | Berkeley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | 4.3 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 114.6 | mean body weight | g | Male | Adult | 14 birds | southeastern area | Exposure Factor Datasets | 75.7 SD |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, milk thistle, safflower, red maids, California poppy, chickweed, miner's lettuce | principal dietary items in crop contents | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 152 crops | Sacramento Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Butte |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 28.2% | weighted mean annual mortality of banded doves | Both Male and Female | Adult | 991 birds | near Savage | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutches or Litters per year | 5.85-5.98 | average number of nest attempts by individual pairs | nests/year | Both Male and Female | Adult | 1108-1443 nests/year | Lewis, Cass County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 79.0 | average body weight | g | Not Reported | Fledgling | 15 nests | near Orondo, Douglas County | Exposure Factor Datasets | 14 days |
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | fall/winter season density based on roadside censuses | birds/mi^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Imperial Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 78 | total number of young observed on study site | young/study site | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 15 pairs | Albuquerque | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 19 | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | 4.28 | average resting oxygen consumption | ml STPD/min | Not Reported | Adult | 60 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.12 SE | Laboratory |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 114 | weight consumed per day on an all hamster diet | g/d | Not Reported | Adult | 4 owls | Exposure Factor Datasets | 21.4 SD | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 3.0 | average clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 12 nests | Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.56 |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 2.2 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 4 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | meadow vole and jumping mouse (11.3%), juv. white-tailed jackrabbit (9.4%), horned or eared grebe (5.7%), American coot (22.6%), sora and Virginia rails (3.8%), duck (26.4%), sharp-tailed grouse (9.4%), blackbird (11.3%) | relative frequency of prey species occurence in nests | Not Reported | Nestling | 78 nest visits | Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 6.18 | average size of clutches laid early in the breeding season | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 17 clutches | New Concord, Muskingum County (40 deg, 00'N, 81 deg, 46'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |