Birds
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 20.8 | See table 2, p.99, for more detailed means. | breeding pairs/km2 | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.5 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 47 | average survival rate of birds banded 1948-1982 | % | Male | Juvenile | Not Reported | Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, n.e. CA | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Survival/ Mortality | 46 | average survival rate of birds banded 1948-1982 | % | Female | Juvenile | Not Reported | Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, n.e. CA | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Molt | July 30-August 10 | mean annual date of molt initiation (over 3 yr) | Female | Adult | 131 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.628 | estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Malheur National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.035 (SE) |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.569 | estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) | Female | Juvenile | Not Reported | Malheur National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.105 (SE) |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | flora (50.6%), fauna (49.4%) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 94 | Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | 19-25 d |
| Dietary Composition | flora (71%), fauna (29%) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 94 | Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | 26-35 d |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 376.2 | food intake of 8 week old mallards | g/wk | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 15 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 25.6 (SE) | Laboratory | |
| Metabolic Rate | 191 | metabolized energy in 8 week old mallards | kcal/d | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 15 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 6.71 (40) | mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) | pairs/square mile | Both Male and Female | Adult | 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat (total or %) | 104 | g (lipid) | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 17 | Mingo Basin | Exposure Factor Datasets | late prealternate molt | 10 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Total animal, 71.9: Gastropoda, 16.4; Insecta, 27.1; Crustacea, 12.9, Oligochaeta, 11.8. Total plant, 28.1; seeds, 24.8; vegetation 3.3; roots and tubers, 2.8. |
Proportion by volume of plant and animal foods in the esophagi of mallards. | % (by volume) | Female | Not Reported | 37 | drift praire and Missouri Coteau in south-central North Dakota | Exposure Factor Datasets | during breeding season, laying female |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 76.6 | nests/km2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | western edge of Edmunds Co., South Dakota | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 9.3 | eggs | Female | Yearling | 7 nests | prairie pothole region in North Dakota | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.7 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 3.8 | foraging distance in grazed corn stubble; for foraging distance over other types of terrain, see table 3, p. 1050 | km | Not Reported | Not Reported | 66 | Platte River between Lexington and Gibbon, Nebraska | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.4 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 1.0 | For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | not reported | Tulare Basin, Kern National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | wintering birds |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 314,712 | mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Sacramento Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 24.5 | mean incubation period | d | Female | Adult | 66 nests | near Devil's Lake (48deg10'N, 98deg90'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 4.1 2SD |
Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 279.7 | mean body weight in sea-water acclimated birds | g | Not Reported | Adult | 16 | High Island, Chambers Co. | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6.9 |
| Body Weight - Mean | 261.7 | mean body weight in fresh water acclimated birds | g | Not Reported | Adult | 8 | High Island, Chambers Co. | Exposure Factor Datasets | 8.4 |
Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 43.1 | mean body weight | g | Male | Adult | 154 | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | Exposure Factor Datasets | SPAIN | 2.8 SD |
| Body Weight - Mean | 42.2 | mean body weight | g | Female | Adult | 158 | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | Exposure Factor Datasets | SPAIN | 3.0 SD |
Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 31.3 | estimated breeding density in asphalt area habitat (32 ha) | pairs/100 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | St. Paul Campus, Univ. of MN | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | 30.2 | estimated breeding density in bare cultivated field habitat (43 ha) | pairs/100 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | St. Paul Campus, Univ. of MN | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 76.8 | estimated survival rate of banded juveniles | % | Not Reported | Fledgling | Not Reported | Aransas and San Patricio Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.0 2SE |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | estimated fledgling production among 4 colonies | fledglings/breeding pairs | Not Reported | Fledgling | 26-140 pairs/colony | Aransas and San Patricio Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | 12-03 | from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data | yr-mo | Not Reported | Adult | 321 band recoveries | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 1.8 | average over 4 yr study period | young/successful nesting | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | Not Reported | Sierra Madre Oriental, Nuevo Leon | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.21 | eggs/nest | Female | Adult | 24 nests | Southern Germany | Exposure Factor Datasets | GERMANY |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 2.46 | fledglings/brood | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 48 broods | Exposure Factor Datasets | GERMANY |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 87% | ratio of total eggs hatched to total eggs produced | % | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 101 pairs | Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.39 | mean clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 18 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | review | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | review | review of factors controlling population density | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | d | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | Not Reported | Sagehen Creek Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Nevada, Sierra | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4 | average clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 42 | Sagehen Creek Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Nevada, Sierra |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | individuals per 52 km^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | southcentral area, agricultural lands | Exposure Factor Datasets | wintering |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | May 22 | median date of laying | Female | Adult | 27 pairs | Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Lassen |
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | June 21 | median hatching date | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 27 pairs | Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Lassen |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat (total or %) | mean percent body fat as measured by fat extraction from April to September | % | Male | Adult | 14 | Cache county | Exposure Factor Datasets | premigratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mammal (43%), insect (51%), other (6%) | percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 71 pellets | agricultural lands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Yolo | breeding |
| Dietary Composition | mammal (39%), insect (60%), other (6%) | percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 95 pellets | agricultural lands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Yolo | breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | 11-07 | from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data | yr-mo | Not Reported | Adult | 1832 band recoveries | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 4.2 | number of fledglings produced per pair | fledglings/pair | Not Reported | Fledgling | 10 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Territory Size | observed range of movement during nesting, based on observations of individual or pair movements | mi^2 | Not Reported | Adult | 11 birds | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 27 | mean number of days between 5th egg laid and 5th egg hatched | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 3 eggs | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.58 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 23.06 | daily energy metabolism based on heart rate (30 C) and a linear regression equation for heart rate and volume of oxygen consumed | kcal/d | Not Reported | Adult | 1 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.03 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 40.8 | existence metabolism as measured by the difference between food energy and energy in egesta of birds maintained at constant body mass for periods of 3 or more days | kcal/d | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | mean number of fledglings per successful nest (over three years) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5-7 nests/yr | Idaho National Engineering Laboratory | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.50 | survival rate from incubation to fledging (26 days) | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 24 nests | Idaho National Engineering Laboratory | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | waste rice, milo, watergrass, yellow star thistle, Turkey mullein seeds, waste wheat, canary grass, safflower, johnson grass | food items in crop contents, in order of importance | Not Reported | Adult | 22 birds | Gray Lodge State Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Butte | |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 14-15 | incubation period | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | Not Reported | Gray Lodge State Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Butte |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 1.8 | nesting pairs per 100 trees checked | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 orchards | Rufus Woods Lake area | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 1.8 | mean number of eggs laid per nesting attempt | Female | Adult | 123 nests | Rufus Woods Lake area | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA | |
| Time of Molt | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | Mar-Sep | period from beginning to end of nesting | Both Male and Female | Adult | 335 nest attempts | near Bakersfield | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern | |
| Population Density | 21.7 | average number of birds per 100 miles of survey route | birds/100 mi | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1000 mi surveyed/mo | near Bakersfield | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | haygrazer (15-96%), wheat (trace-31%), pricklepoppy (trace-19%), panic grass (trace-33%), maize (3-76%), pigweed (trace-14%), sunflower (trace-10%), spurge (trace-17%), wild bean (trace-44%), others (1-6%) | percent consumption by weight of 9 most frequently eaten foods (range over 7 months) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Jackson County (elev. 430 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | 4.4 | mean number of nest attempts made per pair per year | nests/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 7 marked pairs | Texas A&M College campus | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 6.7 | mean number of fledglings produced per adult female | fledglings/female | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 7 marked pairs | Texas A&M College campus | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 114.3 | mean body weight | g | Female | Juvenile | 5 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | 131 days | 3.3 SE |
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | April | Female | Adult | 4 burrows | Umatillo and Morrow counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mammals (31.4%), birds (5.9%), insects (28.6%), vegetation (61.0%) | mean percent occurrence in pellets | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 608 pellets | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | mammals (41.2%), birds (2.0%), insects (23.3%), vegetation (55.5%) | mean percent occurrence in pellets | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 366 pellets | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.91 | fledglings/successful nest | Both Male and Female | Adult | 52 nests | Mapimf Biosphere Reserve, Durango (1,000-1,350 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO | |
| Hatching Success | 61 | proportion of pairs that successfully raised at least one young | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 52 nests | Mapimf Biosphere Reserve, Durango (1,000-1,350 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA | |
| Home Range | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.9 | mean fledging rate in natural burrows | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Juvenile | 59 nests | New Mexico State University | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.9 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 7.8 | based on Christmas bird counts 1954-1986 | per 1,000 mi | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.3 (SD) |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mammals (4.7%), birds (50.4%), amphibians (1.3%), reptiles (12.8%), insects (30.8%) | percent composition of diet by biomass | % | Not Reported | Adult | 396 identified prey items | Sierra de Bahoruco | Exposure Factor Datasets | nesting | DOMINICAN REPUBLIC |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | 20.7 | known age at time of death | yr | Not Reported | Adult | 1 bird | s. of Aberdeen, Saskatchewan | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Sylvilagus nuttallii (12.4%), Spermophilus washingtoni (0.4%), Thomomys talpoides (29.7%), Perognathus parvus (12.5%), Dipodomys ordii (1.4%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.3%), Peromyscus maniculatus (6.2%), Neotoma cinerea (2.1%), Microtus montanus (7.7%), Mus musculus (0.2%), unident. microtinae (4.5%), Mustela frenata (0.4%), Anas platyrynchos (2.6%), Phasianus colchicus (2.5%), Fulica americana (1.5%), Charadrius vociferus (0.2%), Tyto alba (10.7%), Sternella neglecta (0.2%), unident. Fringillidae (0.2%), unident. Passeriformes (1.2%), unident. snake (1.4%), Cyprinus carpio (1.3%), Stenopelmatus spp (0.2%) | percent of total prey biomass | Not Reported | Not Reported | 234 pellets | Esquatzel Coulee, Franklin County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 2.2 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 6 nests | south-central Montana | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.2 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | maximum body weights achieved by captively raised chicks | oz | Not Reported | Juvenile | 2 birds | captured in Kansas | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | 28+ | age at time of death | yr | Female | Adult | 1 bird | Asiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | unident. snake (0.3%), Sylvilagus nuttallii (19.2%), Lepus californicus (14.3%), unident. leporid (16.1%), Spermophilus townsendii (0.6%), Thomomys townsendii (14.6%), Perognathus parvus (0.4%), Dipodomys ordii (11.1%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.2%), Peromyscus spp (2.3%), Neotoma cinerea (4.6%), Neotoma lepida (2.0%), unident. woodrat (0.3%), Microtus montanus (4.7%), Mus musculus (0.7%), Mustela frenata (0.1%), Falco sparverius (0.1%), Phasianus colchicus (1.9%), Callipepla californicus (0.1%), unident. galliform (0.4%), Fulica americana (0.4%), Columba livia (0.9%), Tyto alba (0.3%), Sturnus vulgaris (0.2%), unident. passerine (0.6%), unident. bid (3.4%) | occurence in diet as percent of total prey biomass, based on pellet analysis | Not Reported | Not Reported | 14 nesting areas, 1472 prey items | Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (42 deg, 50'N, 115 deg, 50'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | home range size (minimum convex polygon model) as determined by radiotelemetry | ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | 22 owls | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Molt | June-July | date of onset of postjuvenal and adult molt | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 2500 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | early May to late June | time of incubation | Both Male and Female | Adult | 40 pairs | near New Concord | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | August 31 | date by which last fall migrants departed | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sierra |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surface Area | 0.00487 | estimated area of the external plumage surface (geometrical approximation) of 13.2 g bird | m^2 | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Mar-Apr | time of peak nesting activity | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Stanford University Campus | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Clara |
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 73.0 | estimated probability of a nestling surviving to fledge in pasture areas | % | Not Reported | Nestling | 25 clutches | Archbold Biological Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | 28.8 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | 17 | normal fledging period | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | 232 fledged birds | Pawnee National Grassland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | clutches/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 48 pairs | southern Minnesota | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | number of clutches laid per season per pair | clutches/pair | Both Male and Female | Adult | 10 pairs | Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 8.3 | mean body weight | g | Not Reported | Nestling | 3 birds | Bloomington | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6-7 d post-hatch |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | up to 7 | years | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 animals (from 1000) | San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 2.41 | brood size with supplemental food | young/nest | Not Reported | Chick | 34 nests | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6 d | CANADA | 0.17 |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | 30 | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | Not Reported | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris), San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | see table 1 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 64 sites | San Francisco Bay region | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Contra Costa | breeding |
Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 5 | usual number of eggs laid | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 57.1% | percent of eggs producing downy young in succesful nests (nests producing at least one young) | Female | Juvenile | 7 nests | Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | shad (26.1%), large roughfish (2.5%), small forage species (1.2%), catfish (9.6%), bass (16.5%), sunfish (15.0%), crappies (5.6%), other fishes (23.3%) | percent occurence of prey items by weight in stomach contents | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 420 cormorants | east TX | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 0.98 +/- 0.07 to 1.78 +/- 0.06 | mean number of chicks fledged/nest (over 3 years) | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 296-424 nests/year | San Francisco Bay estuary | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | gunnels (5%), sculpins (1%), sand lance (44%), capelin (34%), flatfishes (11%), clupeids (4%), other (1%) | proportion of prey species in diet by percent volume | % | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 187 | St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
