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Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Egg production by the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Page Hayden, Betty L. Burge and Jan B. Roberson
Pages
93-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying May - June egg laying Female Adult 20-26 animals Ivanpah Valley, Goffs Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Aspects of the ecology of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in Joshua Tree National Monument, Pinto Basin, Riverside County, California

Author(s)
Barrow, John
Pages
105-131
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean maximum carapace length range = 161 - 243 mm kg Female Adult 18 South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Population ecology of the desert tortoise at Goffs, San Bernadino County, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Kristin H. Berry, Betty L. Burge, Page Hayden, Lori Nicholson and Jan Bickett
Pages
68-81
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.17 estimated by x-ray examination eggs/clutch Female Adult 35 clutches Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 0.22SE

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 1936 g Female Adult 13 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 64 SE

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Tinkle, Donald W.
Pages
1 - 182
Year
Volume
132
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.15 home range estimated using probability density function (95%) acre Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 average clutch size based on counts of yolked follicles, eggs or corpora lutea eggs/clutch Female Adult 256 Mesa County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The life history of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, in north-central Oregon

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Lowell V. Diller
Pages
243-260
Year
Issue
4
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.17 growth rate measured as increase in snout-vent length (mm) mm/d Female Hatchling Not Reported Deschutes River, Jefferson county (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Deschutes River, Jefferson county (elev., 732m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hormonal and physiological control of clutch size, egg size and egg shape in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana): constraints on the evolution of lizard life histories

Author(s)
Sinervo, Barry and Paul Licht
Pages
252-264
Year
Volume
257
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4.6 average clutch size eggs/female Female Adult 16 Corral Hollow Road Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Clutch or Litter Size 4.3 average clutch size eggs/female Female Adult 27 Del Puerto Canyon Road Exposure Factor Datasets Stanislaus

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations of Sceloporus occidentalis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguandidae)

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr. and Allen Allison
Pages
211-220
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported central Sierra Nevada (elev., 1500 or 2200m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy expenditure in free-ranging lizards

Author(s)
Bennett, Albert F. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
697-700
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Ecology Research Area, University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal, sexual and altitudinal variations in stomach content and ingested fat in Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Jameson, E.W. Jr., A.A. Heusner and Donna Lem
Pages
255-261
Year
Issue
3
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 8.08 average snout-vent length = 62.99 mm g Female Not Reported 194 animals valley grassland (elev., 150m), central Sierra Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets 3.76SD

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Reproduction and food habits of Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Bradley, W. Glenn and Roger A. Mauer
Pages
497-507
Year
Issue
3
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.6 estimated by embryo counts pups /litter Female Adult 163 Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding of captive kangaroo rats, Dipodomys merriami and D. microps

Author(s)
Daly, M., Margo I. Wilson and P. Behrends
Pages
338-341
Year
Issue
2
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 33 modal duration d Female Adult 65 captured near Palm Springs, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Female Juvenile Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Energy relationships of the mammals of a desert shrub (Larrea tridentata) community

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Alice Eastlake Chew
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Jan. - Mar. (begin); Apr. - May (peak); Aug. (end) Female Adult Not Reported San Simon Valley, Portal (elev., 1370 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population Ecology of a desert rodent: Dipodomys merriami in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author(s)
Zeng, Zongyong and James H. Brown
Pages
1328-1340
Year
Issue
5
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 41.1 g Female Adult Not Reported Cave Creek Bajada, Cochise County (elev., 1330 m) Exposure Factor Datasets non-breeding 0.1

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Energy expenditure in reproductive effort of male and female killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Author(s)
Brunton, Dianne H.
Pages
553-564
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Metabolic Rate 118.6 mean daily energy expenditure during reproduction (during late incubation) kJ/d Female Adult 14 Houghton Lake (lat. 44deg02', long. 08deg45') Exposure Factor Datasets 9.2 SE

Desert Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana ssp. stejnegeri)

Citation:

Dry and wet year comparisons of clutch and adult body sizes of Uta stansburiana stejnegeri

Author(s)
Worthington, Richard D.
Pages
332-334
Year
Issue
3
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.75 based on number of enlarged vitellogenic ovarian follicles (>2 mm) or oviductal eggs during a "wet" year eggs/clutch Female Adult 20 Anapra, Dona Ana county Exposure Factor Datasets 0.25
Citation:

Proximate control of variation of clutch, egg, and body size in a west Texas population of Uta stansburiana stejnegeri (Sauria: Iguanidae)

Author(s)
Ferguson, Gary W., Howard L. Snell and Allan J. Landwer
Pages
227-238
Year
Issue
2
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of clutch size means for two time periods eggs/clutch Female Adult 71-95 Crane county Exposure Factor Datasets

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Gambelia sila (blunt-nosed leopard lizard): Reproduction

Author(s)
Germano, David J. and Daniel F. Williams
Pages
117-118
Year
Issue
4
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 11 Elkhorn Plain Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 11 Elkhorn Plain Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo

Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata)

Citation:

Foraging ecology of the fringe-toed lizard, Uma inornata, during periods of high and low food abundance

Author(s)
Durtsche, Richard D.
Pages
915-926
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1995
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Overall Total (837); Arthropod Total (383); Vertebrate Total (1); Plant Total (277): Includes; Insects, Coleoptera (8); Diptera (2); Hemiptera (34); Homoptera (45); Hymenoptera (461); Neuroptera (1); Lizards, Phrynosomatidae (2); Plants, Asteraceae (85); Boraginaceae (65); Loasaceae (128) total numbers of food items found in stomach contents # Female Adult 17 Whitewater Floodplain Reserve, Palm Springs Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Reproduction in the sand-dwelling lizard Uma inornata

Author(s)
Mayhew, Wilbur W.
Pages
39-55
Year
Issue
1
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 2.8 eggs/clutch Female Adult 61 Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla formerly Hyla regilla)

Citation:

Multiple egg clutches in Hyla regilla, H. cinerea and H. gratiosa

Author(s)
Perrill, Stephen A. and Richard E. Daniel
Pages
513-516
Year
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 267.7 eggs/clutch Female Adult 40 San Diego Exposure Factor Datasets 128.7 SD
Citation:

The reproductive ecology of the pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla)

Author(s)
Schaub, David L. and John H. Larsen, Jr.
Pages
409-416
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - May time of laying Female Adult Not Reported Moscow, Latah County (elev., 850m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Reproduction of the brush rabbit in California

Author(s)
Mossman, Archie S.
Pages
177-184
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4 young/litter Female Adult 14 Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa
Clutches or Litters per year estimated by dividing breeding season length by gestation time litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight, fat, and behaviour of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, Kay E. and Scott Nunes
Pages
1425-1433
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean 589 g Female Adult 41 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus ( elev., 120 m) [lat., 37^0W; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz pregnant
Body Weight - Mean 571 g Female Adult 100 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus ( elev., 120 m) [lat., 37^0W; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz lactating
Citation:

A population study of the Beechey ground squirrel in central California

Author(s)
Evans, F. C. and R. Holdenried
Pages
231-260
Year
Issue
2
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 0.59 above ground area occupied for at least one mo acres Female Adult 51 Calaveras Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Santa Clara

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Air temperature and direct partitional calorimetry of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
South, F.E., R. H. Luecke, M. L. Zatzman and M. D. Shanklin
Pages
27-30
Year
Issue
1
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 2.1 resting metabolism kcal/kg/hr Female Juvenile 2 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Foraging chracteristics of female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursius) and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
Antonelis, George A., Brent S. Stewart and Wayne F. Perryman
Pages
150-158
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Foraging Distance 54.2 km Female Adult 9 Adams Cove, San Miguel Island [lat., 34^o01'55"N; long., 120^o26'25" W] Exposure Factor Datasets post-partum 32.4 SD
Citation:

Effects of the 1982-1983 El Nino on several population parameters and diet of California sea lions on the Califonia channel islands

Author(s)
DeLong, R. L., G.A. Antonelis, C.W. Oliver, B.S. Stewart, M.S. Lowry and P.K. Yochem
Pages
166-172
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean range of mean weights taken over 5 yrs at 2 sites kg Female Pup 41 - 151/yr San Miguel and San Clemente Islands Exposure Factor Datasets 4 mo

Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes)

Citation:

Nesting habitat of the light-footed clapper rail in southern California

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W., Richard Zembal and Paul D. Jorgensen
Pages
67-80
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.55 mean clutch size (1 year) Female Adult 33 nests Tijuana Marsh, Upper Newport and Anaheim Bays Exposure Factor Datasets Orange 0.19 SE

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Spatial structuring and dispersal in a high density population of the California vole Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Heske, Edward J.
Pages
137-148
Year
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean > 40 g Female Adult Not Reported Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Home Range 68 estimated by minimum area polygon m2 Female Adult Not Reported Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.6 mean; dry season pups/litter Female Adult 5 Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.7 (95%CI)
Clutch or Litter Size 3.0 mean; early growing season pups/litter Female Adult 11 Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.8 (95%CI)
Citation:

Intraspecific litter size variation in Microtus californicus II. variation between populations

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
1174-1182
Year
Issue
6
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 20.4 median weight at sexual maturity g Female Adult 69 Orinda, Layfayette, Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Home range, population structure, and spatial organization of California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Boellstorff, Diane E. and Donald H. Owings
Pages
551-561
Year
Issue
2
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size range of means for 2 yrs young/litter Female Adult 11/yr Camp Ohlone [lat., 37^o29'N; long., 121^o45'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

Demographic changes in fluctuating populations of Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Krebs, Charles J.
Pages
239-273
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality range of mean minimum survival rates per 14 d measured Female Juvenile 2 periods of weekly sampling Tilden Regional Park Exposure Factor Datasets "subadult" (26-39g)
Survival/ Mortality range of mean minimum survival rates per 14 d measured Female Juvenile 2 periods of weekly sampling Tilden Regional Park Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater

Author(s)
Clark Jr., Donald R.
Pages
147-168
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4.2 pups/litter Female Adult 12 Volta Exposure Factor Datasets Merced

California Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis)

Citation:

Reproduction in the striped racer, Masticophis lateralis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
361-363
Year
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 7.21 based on oviducal egg count eggs/female Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, San Diego

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.5 eggs/clutch Female Adult 33 "west coast" Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucus) in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
343-360
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.9 eggs/clutch Female Adult 20 Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets 2.10 SD
Time of Mating/ Laying June - July time of laying Female Adult Not Reported Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Growth and behavior of a litter of captive long-tailed weasels

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C.
Pages
412-415
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 178.6 g Female Adult 1 captured at Delta, Manitoba, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Gestation period in the long-tailed weasel

Author(s)
Hall, E. Raymond
Pages
249-250
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4 young/litter Female Adult 1 captured at Tahoe City, California Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)

Citation:

Influence of pregnancy on oxygen consumption, heart rate and hematology in the garter snake: Implications for the "cost of reproduction" in live bearing reptiles

Author(s)
Birchard, Geoffrey F., Craig P. Black, Gordon W. Schuett and Virginia Black
Pages
519-523
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 52.1 g Female Adult 3 captured in Michigan and Ohio Exposure Factor Datasets non-pregnant 4.4 SE Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 0.054 resting oxygen consumption at 25C cm3 O2 STP/hr/g Female Adult 3 captured in Michigan and Ohio Exposure Factor Datasets non-pregnant 0.011 SE Laboratory

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Notes on egg-laying, incubation, and nestling periods and of food brought to the nest by four species of cavity-nesting birds

Author(s)
Duyck, Bill E. and Douglas B. McNair
Pages
21-29
Year
Issue
2
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8 first clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 1 nest Asheville, Buncombe County Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5 usual number of eggs laid eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Distribution and abundance of breeding snowy plovers on the Pacific coast of Baja California

Author(s)
Palacios, Eduardo, Lucia Alfaro and Gary W. Page
Pages
490-497
Year
Issue
4
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.55 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 36 nests Baja California peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO 0.69 SD

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Average litter size of the coyote in Tennessee

Author(s)
Kennedy, Michael L., Jeffrey G. Babb, Robert M. Lee and Charles Lydeard
Pages
61-62
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.0 estimated by placental scars young/litter Female Adult 59 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Berg, William E. and Robert A. Chesness
Pages
229-247
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 16 km2 Female Adult 25 Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote movements, habitat use, and food habits in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Litvaitis, John A. and James H. Shaw
Pages
62-68
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 68.7 minimum area home range km2 Female Adult 6 Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 89.1 SD

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Aggressive behavior of Dipodomys stephensi, an endangered species, and Dipodomys agilis, a sympatric congener

Author(s)
Bleich, Vernon C. and Mary V. Price
Pages
646-651
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 62.30 g Female Adult 5 captured 3 days prior at Lake Mathews, Riverside County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 2.40 SD Laboratory

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Allometrische Untersuchungen an Organgewichten von Musteliden

Author(s)
Drescher, H. E.
Pages
35-77
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 3063 without fur g Female Not Reported 2 females Manitoba; Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and B.J. Verts
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
173
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size review Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Captive striped skunk produces two litters

Author(s)
Shadle Albert R.
Pages
388-389
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Sexual Maturity 10 months Female Adult 1 female Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Biology of the striped skunk

Author(s)
Verts, B. J.
Pages
182
Publisher
University of Illinois Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 4.4 lb Female Adult 82 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Survival/ Mortality 44 over winter survival % Female Juvenile 34 Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets "young of the yr" CANADA

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Gonadal and hormonal characteristics of juvenile female mourning doves in Virginia

Author(s)
Mirarchi, R.E., P.F. Scanlon, F.C. Gwazdauskas and R.L. Kirkpatrick
Pages
415-425
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Age at Sexual Maturity 93 age at which birds were judged capable of reproduction d Female Juvenile 58 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 131 days

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Dispersion and numbers in Peromyscus populations

Author(s)
Metzgar, Lee H.
Pages
26 - 31
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of monthly estimates #/ha Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Field populations of deermice with supplemental food

Author(s)
Fordham, R. A.
Pages
138-146
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly means at sites with excess artificial food (whole oats), includes pregnant animals g Female Adult 5-26/mo University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly means at control sites, includes pregnant animals g Female Adult 1-8/mo University of British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus in seasonal environments

Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.24 #/litter Female Adult 46 Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets multiparous CANADA 0.22 SE
Citation:

Life History Parameters in Mice Exposed to a Prolonged Drought

Author(s)
Morton, Martin L., Michael L. Morrison, Linnea S. Hall and Maria E. Pereyra
Pages
18-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.50 #/litter Female Adult 4 Pinyon-juniper zone near Westgard Pass (elev., 2500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 1.29 SD

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Population dispersal, turnover, and migration of Alaska peregrines

Author(s)
Ambrose, Robert E., and Kenton E. Riddle
Pages
677-684
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality range of annual mortality rates over 3 years, corrected for known movements % Female Adult 7-11 recaptured birds/yr Colville, Sagavanirktok, Yukon, and Tanana Rivers Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The population biology of peregrine falcons in the Northwest Territories, Canada

Author(s)
Court, Gordon S., D. Mark Bradley, C. Cormack Gates, and David A. Boag
Pages
729-739
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.62 mean number of eggs laid per nest attempt eggs/clutch Female Adult 84 nest attempts Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) Exposure Factor Datasets breeding 0.59 SD

Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of a kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrius) population in an inland saline lake

Author(s)
Fraga, Rosendo M., and Juan A. Amat
Pages
69-85
Year
Issue
1
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 42.2 mean body weight g Female Adult 158 Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN 3.0 SD
Time of Mating/ Laying March 29-June 25 (1991), March 11-June 29 (1992) length of egg laying season in two sample years Female Adult Not Reported Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain Exposure Factor Datasets SPAIN

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Fat (total or %) 111 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 9 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage - early migrants, unpaired 8 SE
Body Fat (total or %) 145 g (lipid) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 19 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets alternate plumage, paired 7 SE
Citation:

Habitat use and home range of mallards breeding in Minnesota

Author(s)
Gilmer, David S., I.J. Ball, Lewis M. Cowardin, John H. Riechmann and John R. Tester
Pages
781-789
Year
Issue
4
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Home Range 135 Study area was 67% upland forest, 33% lakes and wetlands. ha Female Adult 8 western edge of Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami County Exposure Factor Datasets during the pre-nest interval
Home Range 70 Study area was 67% upland forest, 33% lakes and wetlands. ha Female Adult 8 western edge of Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami Co. Exposure Factor Datasets during the laying period
Citation:

Age-related aspects of mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Krapu, Gary L. and Harold A. Doty
Pages
35-39
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 10.3 eggs Female Adult 46 nests prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 1.1 SD
Citation:

Impacts of changing irrigation practices on waterfowl habitat use in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Barnum, D.A. and N.H. Euliss, Jr.
Pages
10-21
Year
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Female Not Reported Not Reported preirrigated croplands Exposure Factor Datasets wintering birds
Citation:

Molt migration of postbreeding female mallards from Suisun Marsh, California

Author(s)
Yarris, Gregory S., M. Robert McLandress and Alison E.H. Perkins
Pages
36-45
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal May 22 to July 10 timing of departure from breeding grounds Female Adult 34 Suisun Marsh, Grizzly Island Exposure Factor Datasets Solano
Citation:

DDT thins shells of eggs from mallard ducks maintained on ad libitum or controlled-feeding regimes

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
222-232
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate food consumption rate for average body weight of 1.23 kg g/duck/d Female Adult 18 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Sexual dimorphism in bullfrogs

Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Pages
303-310
Year
Issue
2
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity age after metamorphosis when produced eggs yr Female Adult Not Reported Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Reproduction by Peromyscus maniculatus: size and compromise

Author(s)
Myers, Philip and Lawrence L. Master
Pages
1-18
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Female Adult 161 Exposure Factor Datasets Non-lactating Laboratory

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4.3 eggs/clutch Female Adult 38 clutches Great Basin (1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Citation:

Influence of nest-box placement and density on abundance and productivity of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R. and William H. Elder
Pages
712-717
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Clutch or Litter Size 5.1 mean clutch size over 3 years eggs per nest Female Adult 28 pairs rural and urban lands Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding
Citation:

Growth of body components in parent- and hand-reared captive kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, David M. and Robert G. Clark
Pages
77-84
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate 0.239 growth rate of body weight in parent-reared birds Female Nestling 8 birds Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Reproduction in mountain and lowland populations of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis

Author(s)
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Pages
176-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
1974
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.23 eggs/clutch Female Adult 43 Puente Hills, Whittier (elev., 150 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles 3.30SD

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Artificial burrows provide new insight into burrowing owl nesting biology

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J. and Lawrence J. Blus
Pages
82-85
Year
Issue
3
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 4 burrows Umatillo and Morrow counties Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Sources and rates of San Joaquin kit fox mortality in western Kern County, California

Author(s)
Disney, Michele and Linda K. Spiegel
Pages
73-82
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 Female Adult 32 foxes extreme southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Relationship of space use to population density in an herbivorus lizard

Author(s)
Alberts, Allison C.
Pages
469-479
Year
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range minimum area versus probability estimates for 3 sites; estimate of area encompassing 95% of total space utilization m2 Female Adult Not Reported Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Alameda Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis ssp. euryxanthus)

Citation:

Observations on the reproduction, courtship, and aggressive behavior of the striped racer, Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus (Reptilia, Serpentes, Columbridae)

Author(s)
Hammerson, Geoffrey A.
Pages
253-255
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/female Female Adult 2 outdoor enclosures, Hayward, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 3 wk Female Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides)

Citation:

The reproduction of heteromyid rodents in captivity

Author(s)
Eisenberg, John F. and Donald E. Isaac
Pages
61-67
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2.3 pups/litter Female Adult 12 litters Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Gilded flicker (Colaptes auratus ssp. chrysoides)

Citation:

Clutch size of the gilded flicker

Author(s)
Koenig, Walter D.
Pages
89-90
Year
Volume
86
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4.20 average size of clutches existing in North American oological collections eggs/clutch Female Adult 57 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Nest-site tenacity of least Bell's vireos

Author(s)
Greaves, James M.
Pages
50-54
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 66 percent of birds that successfully fledged one young % Female Adult 98 birds Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Reproduction and breeding success of California least terns in Jalisco, Mexico

Author(s)
Garcia, Andres, and Gerardo Ceballos
Pages
1084-1087
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size range of average clutch sizes, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 16-58 nests/year Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Resource dependence and territory size in loggehead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
465-469
Year
Issue
2
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 24 clutches Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets 0.9 SD

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)

Citation:

Effects of gestation on growth and development in Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Wendy D. Millar
Pages
208 - 211
Year
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
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