Dietary Composition

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Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Meadowlarks feeding on roadkills

Author(s)
Hubbard, John P. and Claudia L. Hubbard
Pages
107-108
Year
Issue
1
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mourning dove item found in stomach analysis Not Reported Not Reported 1 bird New Mexico State Hwy 26 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Opportunistic scavenging by meadowlarks in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack D. and Larry L. Choate
Pages
41-42
Year
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Sturnella sp., Colaptes, sparrows, Lepus californicus, Sigmodon hispidus, Sylvilagus sp., Felis domesticus species observed to be scavenged by meadowlarks Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Citation:

Feeding ecology of marine cormorants in southwestern North America

Author(s)
Ainley, David G., Daniel W. Anderson, and Paul R. Kelly
Pages
120-131
Year
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition clupeidae (1.3%), cottidae (2.7%), embiotocidae (16.8%), engraulidae (0.2 %), gasterosteidae (0.4%), pleuronectidae (0.2%), sciaenidae (0.2%), scorpaenidae (1.3%) prey species occurence by percent individuals counted in regurgitated pellets 175 pellets South Farallon Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and population ecology of the burrowing owl, Speotyto cunicularia, in the Imperial Valley of California

Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
162-176
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition arthropods (earwigs, crayfish, crickets, tiger beetles, tenebrionid beetles), vertebrates (Perognathus spp., Mus musculus, Thomomys bottae, Citelus tereticaudus, Agelaius phoeniceus, Sonora semiannulata, Hyla regilla, Bufo cognatus) species known to occur in diet Not Reported Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energetics of two wintering raptors

Author(s)
Koplin, James R., Michael W. Collopy, Albert R. Bammann and Howard Levenson
Pages
795-806
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Dietary Composition vertebrates (21.6 ), invertebrates (12.6 ) biomass of prey items killed g/d Female Both Adults and Juveniles 7 agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt wintering
Citation:

Seasonal changes in coyote food habits as determined by fecal analysis

Author(s)
Bowyer, R. Terry, Sean A. McKenna and Martin E. Shea
Pages
266-273
Year
Volume
109
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (53%); vegetation (23%); arthropods (9%); reptiles (1%); birds (1%); misc. (3%) % frequency of occurrence in total food items identified in scats % 748 items/223 scats Cuyamaca Rancho State Park (elev., 1525 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of burrowing owls in southeastern Idaho

Author(s)
Gleason, R.L. and T.H. Craig
Pages
274-276
Year
Issue
3
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammal (68%), bird (1%), amphibian (3%), arachnids (4%), insects (25%) percent biomass from pellet analyses 421 Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Site Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

Ontogenetic changes in diet, field metabolic rate, and water flux in the herbivorous lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Mautz, William J. and Kenneth A. Nagy
Pages
640-658
Year
Issue
6
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Plant Species: Ambrosia dumosa (4.8%); Coldenia palmeri (27.6%); Croton californica (2.8%); Dalea emoryi (24.7%); Dalea schottii (13.2%); Dicoria canescens (22.5%); Arthropods (1.3%); Rodent feces (2.4%); Gravel (0.6%) mean % of total dry matter stomach contents % Not Reported Adult 7 Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Dietary Composition Plant Species: Ambrosia dumosa (19.6%); Coldenia palmeri (10.1%); Dalea schottii (14.4%); Euphorbia polycarpa (4.5%); Geraea canescens (3.1%); Larrea divaricata (32.7%); Palafoxia linearis (11.7%); Rafinesquia neomexicana (1.6%); Schismus barbatus (0.7%);Arthropods (0.5%); Rodent feces (0.5%); Shed skin (0.6%) mean % of total dry matter stomach contents % Not Reported Adult 6 Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Dietary Composition Plant Species: Ambrosia dumosa (15.4%); Coldenia palmeri (68.3%); Croton californica (2.8%); Dalea emoryi (5.9%); Dalea schottii (5.6%); Arthropods (1.3%); Gravel (0.8%) mean % of total dry matter stomach contents % Not Reported Hatchling 12 Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Dietary Composition Plant Species: Ambrosia dumosa (6.1%); Coldenia palmeri (16.2%); Dalea emoryi (2.9%); Dalea schottii (26.7%); Geraea canescens (4.1%); Larrea divaricata (23.9%); Palafoxia linearis (3.4%); Rafinesquia neomexicana (0.4%); Unidentified vegetation (12.3%); Arthropods (3.0%) mean % of total dry matter stomach contents % Not Reported Hatchling 5 Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Diet, behavior and water turnover in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Minnich, John E. and Vaughan H. Shoemaker
Pages
496-509
Year
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition see citation figure of % of food item in diet, based on dry weight of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 11-14/season or location Palm Desert and Thousand Palms Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Food habits of the mourning dove in California

Author(s)
Browning, Bruce M.
Pages
91-115
Year
Issue
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, milk thistle, safflower, red maids, California poppy, chickweed, miner's lettuce principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 152 crops Sacramento Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Dietary Composition safflower, milo, turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, California poppy, rice, sunflower, wheat, corn principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 192 crops southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Dietary Composition turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, wheat, California poppy, barley, red maids, Napa thistle, miner's lettuce, prostrate pigweed principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 183 crops inner coast mountains Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Dietary Composition barley, milo, canary grass, flax, lambs quarter, water grass, wheat, cup grass, watermelon, sunflower principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 214 crops Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial
Citation:

Summer foods of mourning doves in southeastern Idaho

Author(s)
Markham, O. Doyle, and Charles H. Trost
Pages
60-62
Year
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition halogeton (22.0% +/- 33.9), pigweed (3.9% +/- 13.5), common vetch (4.1% +/-17.9), Indian ricegrass (26.1% +/- 37.6), collomia(6.7% +/- 21.6), barnyard grass (0.3% +/- 5.0), gromwell (0.4% +/- 3.7), wheat (13.2% +/- 29.9), oats (0.6% +/- 4.2), cottonwood (1.6% +/- 11.6), other species (1.7% +/- 7.9), grit (13.9% +/- 23.9) percent occurrence by mass in crop contents (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported 223 birds Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

Spring and summer foods of Audubon's cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus audubonii) in north-central Colorado

Author(s)
deCalesta, David S.
Pages
549-553
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses, 20 species (0 - 21.6%); Forbs, 16 species (0 - 12.4%); Shrubs, 1 species (1.1%); Cactus, 1 species (1.9%) range of % composition of species; estimated as sum of all fragments per food species from all stomachs divided by sum of fragments from all stomachs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 29 Fort Collins, Larimer County (elev. 1650-2200 m) Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Prey abundance and food habits of San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes velox macrotis) at Camp Roberts Army National Guard Training Site, California

Author(s)
Logan, Christopher G., William H. Berry, William G. Standley and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
21
Publisher
EG and G Energy Measurements, Inc., Operations Report No. 10617-2158
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Spermophilus beecheyi (35%), soluble material (16.6%), grasshoppers/crickets (12.9%), lagomorphs (12.2%), kangaroo rats (9.1%), miscellaneous (10.2%), deer mice/wood rats (7.7%), birds (5.2%), beetles/weevils (3.5%), vegetation (2.8%), snakes (2.0%), pocket mice (0.8%), pocket gophers (0.5%), lizards (0.2%) frequency of occurrence of prey items found in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 649 scats Camp Roberts Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey, San Luis Obispo
Citation:

San Joaquin kit fox: its distribution and abundance

Author(s)
Laughrin, Lyndal
Pages
20
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diet of the San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on Naval Petroleum Reserve #1, Kern County, California, 1980-1984

Author(s)
Scrivner, Jerry H., Thomas P. O'Farrell and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
26
Publisher
EG&G Energy Measurements, EGG 10282-2168
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition lagomorphs (73.3%), kangaroo rats (13.1%), San Joaquin antelope ground squirrel (2.9%), San Joaquin kit fox (2.8%), Cricetidinae (1.3%), Heteromyidae (0.8%), San Joaquin pocket mouse (0.7%), California ground squirrel (0.6%), southern grasshopper mouse (0.5%), sheep (0.5%), Botta pocket gopher (0.3%), birds (1.4%), snakes (1.2%), lizards (0.1%), grasshoppers and crickets (6.2%), beetles (1.0%), arthropods (0.2%), grass (1.7%), soluble material (5.2%), other (9.1%) frequency of occurrence of food items found in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1430 scats Naval Petroleum Reserve #1 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Kangaroo rats (80.7%), rabbits (46.2%), squirrels (9.6%), cottontails (5.8%), pocket mouse (1.9%), unident. insects (59.6%), scorpions (17.3%), Jerusalem crickets (13.5%), insect larvae (11.5%), ants (9.6%), grasshoppers (5.8%), beetles (3.8%), spiders (1.9%) frequency of occurrence in scat analyses % Both Male and Female Not Reported 52 scat groups Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Functional and numerical responses of kit foxes to a short-term decline in mammalian prey

Author(s)
White, Patrick J., Callie A. Vanderbilt White and Katherine Ralls
Pages
370-376
Year
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition deer mice (10.8%), kangaroo rats (8.4%), pocket gophers (2.9%), pocket mice (20.0%), woodrats (0.6%), ground squirrels (6.4%), birds (7.5%), insects (33.5%), leporids (4.7%), reptiles (2.0%), percentage occurrence of prey types in feces % Both Male and Female Adult 834 feces Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Food habits, consumption rates, and predation rates of western rattlesnakes and gopher snakes in southwestern Utah

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Donald R. Johnson
Pages
228-233
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Townsend ground squirrel (27.7%); Mountain conttontail (31.6%); Deer mouse (19.0%); Ord kangaroo rat (5.4%); Great Basin pocket mouse (1.8%); Montane vole (6.1%); House mouse (2.8%); Other species (5.5%) % biomass of prey ingested based on stomach content and scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 103 items/405 captures Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucus) in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Richard L. Wallace
Pages
343-360
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Townsend ground squirrel (10.6%); Mountain conttontail (11.6%); Deer mouse (43.3%); Ord kangaroo rat (5.8%); Great Basin pocket mouse (5.8%); Montane vole (9.6%); House mouse (6.7%); Other species (6.7%) % frequency of prey based on stomach contents and scats % Not Reported Not Reported 104 prey items/455 snakes Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Townsend ground squirrel (30.3%); Mountain conttontail (34.4%); Deer mouse (15.8%); Ord kangaroo rat (5.9%); Great Basin pocket mouse (1.7%); Montane vole (5.6%); House mouse (2.2%); Other species (4.1%) % biomass of prey based on stomach contents and scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 104 prey items/455 snakes Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Cottontail (37.1%); Ground squirrel (27.9%); Woodrat (18.6%); Bird egg (5.3%); Gopher (4.0%); Other (7.1%) percentage of total prey weight palped from stomachs % Not Reported Not Reported 70 prey items San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A study of snake populations in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, H.S.
Pages
552-559
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Ground squirrel (44.3%); Woodrat (29.5%); Cottontail (19.7%); Quail egg (8.4%); Pocket gopher (6.4%); Mouse (4.4%); Meadow mouse (3.4%); Fence lizard (1.5%); Kangaroo rat (1.3%); Pocket mouse (0.6%); Broad-shouldered lizard (0.4%) % of total food items recovered from stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 72 food items San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Pituophis melanoleucus (Daudin), Pine, Bull and Gopher Snakes

Author(s)
Sweet, Samuel S. and William S. Parker
Pages
1-8
Year
Volume
474
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Coyote, Canis latrans, ecology in a rural-urban environment

Author(s)
Atkinson, K.T. and D.M. Shackleton
Pages
49-54
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition microtines (70.2%); rabbits (8.1%); domestic livestock (4.3%); passerines (2%); other mammals (4.7%); plants (10.3%); misc. (0.3%) % scat volume % Not Reported Not Reported 862 Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Coyote food habits in southeastern Arizona

Author(s)
Ortega, Joseph C.
Pages
152-155
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition leporids (68.5%); Sigmodon spp. (31.8%); aves (5.9%); grass (16.3%); Juniperus deppeana (7.2%); other vegetation (20.0%); other materials (9.6%) overall % occurrence of major food items (>5%) in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 759 scats Appleton-Whittel Research Ranch, Santa Cruz County (elev., 1500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Winter diets of coyotes in relation to prey abundance in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A. and Carl D. Mitchell
Pages
439-447
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition lagomorphs (27 - 54%); woodrat (5-21%); cotton rat (0-40%); small rodents (4-12%); deer (4-19%); other prey (8 - 22%) range of percent distribution of prey items over 8 yrs % Not Reported Not Reported 2335 scats Webb County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relationships among coyote food habits, prey populations, and habitat use

Author(s)
Reichel, James D.
Pages
133-137
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition voles (40.8%); deer mice (2.4%); other rodents (14.1%); deer (24.4%); pronghorn (1.8%); other ungulates (7.3%); lagomorphs (2.4%); other mammals (7.4%); birds and eggs (19.5%); reptiles and amphibians (6.1%); seeds and fruit (30.5%); insects (30.5%); unknown (1.8%) % frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 164 National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of coyotes, Canis latrans, in eastern Tehama county, California

Author(s)
Barrett, Reginald H.
Pages
184-192
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition rodents (27.7%); rabbits (2.9%); carnivores (1.1%); ungulates (28.5%); birds (2.4%); reptiles (1.2%); fish (0.3%); invertebrates (1.9%); vegetable matter (34.0%) annual average % relative frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 1042 scats Red Bluff Exposure Factor Datasets Tehama
Citation:

Summer foods of coyotes at Rocky Flats, Colorado

Author(s)
Ribic, Christine A.
Pages
152-153
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition grass species (78%); meadow vole (73%); northern pocket gopher (43%); insects (40%); passerines (30%); lagomorphs (24%); cricetid mice (19%); mule deer (13%) % occurrence of food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 54 Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant, Denver Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Use of food items by sex and age classes of coyotes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L., Kenneth A. Spencer and Jerry H. Scrivner
Pages
42-47
Year
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Dietary Composition leporid (76.4%); rodent (18.0%); livestock (13.5%); bird (13.5%); insect (4.5%); other (14.6%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Adult 89 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets > 1 yr Kern
Dietary Composition leporid (57.6%); rodent (27.1%); livestock (27.1%); bird (20.3%); insect (11.9%); other (25.4%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile 59 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Kern
Dietary Composition leporid (62.7%); rodent (19.4%); livestock (17.9%); bird (14.9%); insect (41.8%); other (26.9%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile 59 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets <1 yr Kern
Citation:

Foods of coyotes (Canis latrans) in Oklahoma

Author(s)
Best, Troy L., Barbara Hoditschek and Howard H. Thomas
Pages
67-69
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition grasses (81.6%); persimmon (3.7%); unidentified seeds (5.2%); other plant material (44.9%); grasshoppers (11.8%); beetles (12.5%); chicken (2.2%); other birds (3.7%); cottontail (13.9%); pocket gopher (5.9%); cotton rat (14.7%); wood rat (2.2%); pine vole (2.2%); coyote (28.7%); cattle (33.8%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 136 Cleveland, Grady and McClain Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The distribution and abundance of coyotes: The effects of allochthonous food subsidies from the sea

Author(s)
Rose, Michael D. and Gary A. Polis
Pages
998-1007
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Terrestrial: Reptiles (1.8%); Rodents (21.0%); Lagomorphs (6.6%); Birds (6.3%); Arthropods (5.7%); Vegetation (8.1%) Marine: Reptiles (0.6%); Mammals (0.3%); Fish (12.0%); Birds (16.5%); Arthropods (17.7%); Vegetation (0.6%) average percent occurrence of item in scats from 4 coastal sites % Not Reported Not Reported 152 Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California del Norte [lat., 28^o55' N; long., 113^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Dietary Composition Terrestrial: Reptiles (7.1%); Rodents (48.0%); Lagomorphs (15.9%); Birds (1.0%); Arthropods (11.8%); Vegetation (15.5%) Marine: Birds (0.3%) average percent occurrence of item in scats from 4 inland sites % Not Reported Not Reported 170 Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California del Norte [lat., 28^o55' N; long., 113^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition cottontail (45.4%); ground squirrel (31.2%); gopher snake (6.0%); woodrat (4.9%); pocket gopher (3.5%); kangaroo rat (3.3%); other (5.7%) computed % by weight of total recorded prey; based on scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 1173 scats San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food-item use by coyotes at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L., Kenneth A. Spencer and Jerry H. Scrivner
Pages
91-95
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition leporids (66.5%); rodents (21.5%); livestock (17.8%); coyote (2.1%); birds (17.8%); reptiles (5.4%); insects (18.6%); fruit (4.5%); other (2.1%); refuse (5.8%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents estimated over 6 yrs % Not Reported Not Reported 242 Naval Petroleum Reserves, Bakersfield (elev., 88-473m) Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Summer food habits of coyotes in Idaho's River of No Return Wilderness Area

Author(s)
Elliott, Charles E. and Richard Guetig
Pages
63 - 65
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Columbian ground squirrel (56.85); mule deer (27.4%); deer mouse (15.6%); moose (13.7%); northern pocket gopher (11.7%); montane vole (11.7%); golden-mantled ground squirrel (5.8%); Audubon's cottontail (3.9%); horse (3.9%); unknown mammals (5.8%); reptiles (3.9%); arthropods (39.2%); birds (27.4%); plants (21.5%) % occurrence of major (>1.9%) food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 51 scats Big Creek Ranger District Exposure Factor Datasets

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Foods of Plethodon larselli, Plethodon dunni and Ensatina eschscholtzi in the Columbia River Gorge, Multnomah County, Oregon

Author(s)
Altig, Ronald and Edmund D. Brodie, Jr.
Pages
226-228
Year
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition acarina (32.5%); araneida (22.6%); non-insect arthropods (22.6%); collembola (16.1%); coleoptera (6.5%) % of total items in stomach contents; Ensatina size class <45 mm % Not Reported Not Reported <22 Multonmah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of food habits of Ensatina eschscholtzii and Aneides lugubris

Author(s)
Zweifel, Richard G.
Pages
285-287
Year
Volume
1949
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition sow bugs (42%); centipedes (42%); spiders (60%); springtails (47%); beetles (36%); caterpillars (5%); ants (13%) % of stomach containing food item % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 45 Dixie Canyon Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

Natural history of the salamanders of the plethodontid genus Ensatina

Author(s)
Stebbins, Robert C.
Pages
47-124
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition earthworm (1); sowbugs (14); amphipod (1); centipede (1); millipede (4); spiders (6); springtail (1); thysanuran (1); camel crickets (15); lepidopterous larva (1); dipteran (1); beetles (5); ant (1) number of each food item in stomachs # Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 27 Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Dietary Composition sowbug (1); centipede (1); millipede (6); spiders (7); wood ticks (2); scavenger mite (1); solpugid (1); springtails (5); worker termites (15); hemipteran (1); fly (1); beetles (11); ants (2) number of each food item in stomachs # Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 8 Madelia Canyon Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Food of the peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus, in interior Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom
Pages
373-374
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Holboell's grebe (2.4%); green-winged teal (9.7%); buffle-head (2.7%); sparrow hawk (2.4%); spruce grouse (2.4%); ruffed grouse (2.4%); lesser yellow-legs (9.7%); gulls (19.6%); hawk owl (2.4%); northern flicker (2.4%); Alaska jay (12.5%); Hudsonian chickadee (2.4%); gray-cheeked thrush (2.4%); rusty blackbird (2.4%); pine grosbeak (2.4%); robin (4.9%); unidentified passerines (17.0%) estimated from prey item remains lying about the bluffs in study area % total prey Not Reported Not Reported 52 prey items Tanana River, Chena Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

American Peregrine Falcon

Author(s)
Aldrich, John A.
Pages
1-14
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Hypothesis linking food habits and habitat selection in Peromyscus

Author(s)
Drickamer, Lee C.
Pages
763-766
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Dietary Composition Wheat seeds (0.488 +/- 0.034 SE), Lespedeza seeds (0.376 +/- 0.044 SE), Elm seeds (0.013 +/- 0.004 SE), Maple seeds (0.017 +/- 0.003 SE). weekly consumption rates of seeds g/g/wk Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 Exposure Factor Datasets 30-60 d Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Food habits of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in northern Ontario

Author(s)
Martell, Arthur M. and A.L. MacAuley
Pages
319-324
Year
Issue
3
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition arthropods (19.7-37.3%); fungi (5.8-17.8%); seeds (14.0-43.0%); berries (9.1-56.8%); chlorophyllous plant matter (1.1 - 3.8%); achlorophyllous plant matter (1.2-1.3%) % total volume of stomach contents; range over 3 yrs % Not Reported Not Reported 58 - 153/yr clear cut forest, Manitouwadge, Ontario [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 85^o50'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition arthropods (38.4-66.0%); fungi (12.7-15.7%); seeds (18.7 - 29.8%); berries (1.0-12.3%); chlorophyllous plant matter (0.3 - 1.4%); achlorophyllous plant matter (1.3-1.9%) % total volume of stomach contents; ranges over 2 yrs % Not Reported Not Reported 19-120/yr burned forest, Manitouwadge, Ontario [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 85^o50'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Food of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus and P. boylei, in the northern Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Jameson, Jr., E.W.
Pages
50-60
Year
Issue
1
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition seeds (34-53%); fruits (0-22%); arthropods (26-36%); leaves (7-12%); fungi (0-7%); misc. (3-10%) volumetric % of stomach contents, range of means for 2 yrs. and 2 habitat types % Not Reported Not Reported 778 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500 - 5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition seeds (0-81%); fruits (2-19%); arthropods (9-57%); leaves (1-18%); fungi (0-26%); misc. (0-42%) volumetric % of stomach contents, range of monthly means for 2 yrs. and 2 habitat types % Not Reported Not Reported 40-88 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500 - 5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition seeds (0-80%); fruit (0-30%); arthropods (0-80%); leaves (7-32%); fungi (0%); misc. (0-19%) volumetric % of stomach contents, range of monthly means for 2 yrs. and 2 habitat types % Not Reported Not Reported 53-66 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500 - 5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of four species of rodents on a short-grass prairie in Colorado

Author(s)
Flake, Lester D.
Pages
636-647
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Diptera adult (0.5); Coleoptera adult (9.8); Coleoptera egg (0.2); Coleoptera larva (4.8); Hemiptera - Leaf hopper (4.6); Hymenoptera - Ant (0.2); Lepidoptera adult (1.9); Lepidoptera larva (6.0); Orthoptera - Cricket (0.4), Grasshopper (5.6); Spiders (2.4); Centipedes (0.1); Unidentified arthropods (1.7); Tissues of small animals (0.4); Forbs (7.8); Grasses and Sedges (3.4); Shrubs (2.2); Fungi - Endogone (1.1); Lichens (0.4); Mosses (0.1); Seeds (39.0). estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 656 Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition ANIMAL MATTER: Coleoptera adults (10.9); Coleoptera larvae (24.4); Grasshoppers (2.6); Leaf hoppers (0.1); Lepidoptera adults (2.1); Lepidoptera larvae (17.6); Spiders (2.8); PLANT MATTER: Seeds (11.4); Total forbs (9.5) - Kochia scoparia (3.6); Total grasses and sedges (1.7); Total shrubs (1.7). estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 123 Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)

Citation:

Food habits of sympatric Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Wolff, Jerry O., Raymond D. Dueser, and Kendell S. Berry
Pages
795-798
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Arthropods (45.9 +/- 7.15% SE), Lepidopteran larvae (1.5 +/- 0.63% SE), Lepidopteran adults (6.7 +/- 2.94% SE), Fruit (1.1 +/- 0.73% SE), Green vegetation (17.5 +/- 3.76% SE), Fungi (1.0 +/- 1.01% SE), Nuts/Seeds (23.1 +/- 9.68% SE), Unknown (3.0 +/- 1.96% SE) Mean percentage frequency of occurrence of each item in stomach contents Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 10 Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles Co. Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

The hunting behavior of American kestrels: Applications of foraging theory

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri Gale
Pages
64
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Dietary Composition mammal (24%), insect (74%), other (2%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult 104 pellets agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Dietary Composition mammal (82%), insect (16%), other (2%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult 116 pellets agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo
Citation:

Diet, capture success, and mode of hunting by female American kestrels in winter

Author(s)
Collopy, Michael W. and James R. Koplin
Pages
369-371
Year
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition invertebrates (10.5%), herpetofauna (2.4%), mammals (79.1%), birds (8.0%) dietary composition (% of total biomass), 1972-1973 Female Not Reported 4 Arcata Bottoms Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Food availability and preference of juvenile mallards

Author(s)
Chura, Nicholas J.
Pages
121-134
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Dietary Composition flora (99.9%), fauna (0.08%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 52-60 d
Citation:

Accumulation and excretion of Cl36 DDT in mallard and lesser scaup duck

Author(s)
Dindal, Daniel L.
Pages
74-92
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition snails (7%); beetle (2.3%); duckweed (14.1%); pondweed (23.2%); water lily (7.0%); bulrush (9.3%); smartweed (25.5%); Ammiaceae (11.6%) % occurrence in gizzard contents % Not Reported Not Reported 36 Sandusky Bay, Port Clinton Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Waterfowl use of forested wetlands of the southern United States: An overview

Author(s)
Fredrickson, Leigh H. and Mickey E. Heitmeyer
Pages
307-323
Publisher
University of Minnesota Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type
Dietary Composition Review Mingo Basin, Missouri Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Stomach contents of diving and dabbling ducks during fall migration in the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada

Author(s)
Guillemette, Magella, Francois Bolduc and Jean-Luc DesGrandes
Pages
167-175
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition gastropoda (0.001), crustacea (0.007), insecta (0.003), and plant (0.980) mean relative proportions (wet mass) of stomach contents Both Male and Female Not Reported 22 St. Lawrence River Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Diet of double-crested cormorants wintering in Texas

Author(s)
Campo, Joseph J., Bruce C. Thompson, John C. Barron, Raymond Telfair, II, Phil Durocher and Steve Gutreuter
Pages
135-144
Year
Issue
2
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition shad (26.1%), large roughfish (2.5%), small forage species (1.2%), catfish (9.6%), bass (16.5%), sunfish (15.0%), crappies (5.6%), other fishes (23.3%) percent occurence of prey items by weight in stomach contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 420 cormorants east TX Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of total mercury levels in relation to diet and molt for nine species of marine birds

Author(s)
Braune, Birgit M.
Pages
217-224
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition herring (25%), sculpin (92%), flounder (8%), anemones (8%), snails (17%), mussels (33%), amphipods (25%), isopods (17%), benthic shrimp (25%), crabs (25%), bryozoans (58%), algae (50%) frequency of occurrence of food items in stomach contents Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 12 stomachs Quoddy Region, New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Feeding behavior of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in north central Texas

Author(s)
Carpenter, H. L. and Morrison, E. O.
Pages
188-193
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Insecta (92.0%), Crustacea (13.7%), Arachnida (13.7%), Diploda (5.6%), Chilopoda (1.6%), Gastropoda (4.0%), Reptilia (3.2%), Amphibia (9.6%), Aves (1.6%), Osteichthyes (4.0%) Percent occurrence in stomach contents from frogs collected during day and night Not Reported Not Reported 124 ponds in north central TX Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bullfrog food and growth at the San Joaquin Experimental Range, California

Author(s)
Cohen, Nathan W. and Walter E. Howard
Pages
223-225
Year
Volume
1958
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Coleoptera (43.6%), Notonectidae (10.3%), Diptera (6.6%), Hymenoptera (6.3%), Locustidae (6.0%), Ephemeroptera (4.3%), Gryllidae (4.3%), Protura (3.3%), Chironomidae (2.6%), Culicidae (2.0%), Lepidoptera (1.3%), Odonata (0.3%), Gerridae (0.3%), Mantidae (0.3%), Sepsidae (0.3%), Unidentified parts (21.3%), Decomposed tissue (18.0%), Spiders (16.0%), Rocks, grass, leaves (22.0%), Chitinous material (10%), Snails, Planorbid (9.0%), Frogs (5.6%), Snails, Physid (4.7%), Small fish (4.3%), Unknown vertebrates (2.3%), Tadpoles (1.3%), Salamander (1.0%), Feathers (1.0%), Worms (0.6%), Egg sack (0.3%), Rabbit pellet (0.3%), Peromyscus (0.3%) % of stomachs in which food item was present at least once, frog weight range 10 - 200 g Not Reported Not Reported 300 San Joaquin Experimental Range, O'Neals Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, in the lower Colorado River, Arizona-California

Author(s)
Clarkson, Robert W. and James C. deVos, Jr.
Pages
42-49
Year
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition crayfish (24%), wolf spiders (36%), long horned earwigs (20%), sowbugs (25%), german cockroaches (14%), crickets (16%), vascular plants (36%), inorganic material (12%), other animals (10%) % frequency of occurence in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 100 lower Colorado River between Laguna and Morelos Dams Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A comparison of spring food habits of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in three habitats of central Arkansas

Author(s)
McKamie, J.A. and G.A. Heidt
Pages
107-111
Year
Issue
1
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation % occurrence of 44 food items in stomach contents (species level) Not Reported Not Reported 139 streams, ponds, strip pits in Pulaski, Loanoke and Saline counties Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Diets of five species of desert owls

Author(s)
Barrows, Cameron W.
Pages
1-10
Year
Issue
1
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Dipodomys sp (8-18%), Perognathus sp (4-29%), insects (53-75%), crayfish (0-9%), reptiles (0-5%), birds (0-1%) frequency of occurence in pellets Both Male and Female Adult 3 burrows Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Note on food habits of the screech owl and the burrowing owl of southeastern Oregon

Author(s)
Brown, Barbara A., John O. Whitaker, Thomas W. French and Chris Maser
Pages
421-426
Year
Issue
3
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition vertebrates (14.3%), invertebrates (85.7%) percent of diet based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Adult 150 pellets Malheur county Exposure Factor Datasets

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Energy relationships of the mammals of a desert shrub (Larrea tridentata) community

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Alice Eastlake Chew
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition seeds (82%), herbs (14%), shrub (2%), arthropods (2%) % occurence of food items in cheek pouch contents % Not Reported Not Reported 15 San Simon Valley, Portal (elev., 1370 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction and food habits of Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Bradley, W. Glenn and Roger A. Mauer
Pages
497-507
Year
Issue
3
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition grass seeds (74.2%), annual forb seeds (37.4%), perennial seeds (7.4%), vegetative plant parts (7.4%), insect parts (0.3%), debris (2.7%), unidentified seeds (3%) % occurrence in cheek pouch contents % Not Reported Not Reported 411 Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal water and energy metabolism of the desert dwelling kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A. and M.J. Gruchacz
Pages
1461-1478
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition seed (77%); vegetation (18%); arthropod (4.5%); feces (0.5%) % of total dry matter of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 4-9 per mo/15 mo Kelso Sand Dunes (elev., 830-840 m) [lat., 34^o53'30"N, long., 115^o40'20"W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

The diving and feeding activity of the western grebe on the breeding grounds

Author(s)
Lawrence, George E.
Pages
3-16
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Ascaradina (3), Gastropoda (10, Orthoptera (2), Hemiptera (2), Diptera (1), Coleoptera (4), Siluridae (4), Centrarchidae (77), plant (4) % of total stomach content volume % Not Reported Adult 27 birds Clear Lake Exposure Factor Datasets Lake

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Notes on the food of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Moffitt, James
Pages
270-273
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Modiolus demissus (56.5%), Lycosidae (15%), Macoma balthica (7.6%), Hemigrapsis oregonensis (3.2%), Hyanassa obsoleta (2%), Spartina leiantha (14.55%) Volumetric percentage of food items in stomach contents Not Reported Not Reported 18 stomachs San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)

Citation:

Food and moisture requirements of the Nelson antelope ground squirrel

Author(s)
Hawbecker, Albert C.
Pages
115-125
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition see citation figure of monthly % food types in stomach contents % Not Reported Adult Not Reported Los Banos (elev., 200-500') and Mendota (elev., 400-500') Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno, Merced

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Winter and spring habits of weasels in central Iowa

Author(s)
Polderboer, Emmett B., Lee W. Kuhn and George O. Hendrickson
Pages
115-119
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Meadow mouse (42.37%); Harvest mouse (24.57%); Deer mouse (11.86%); Mearns cottontail (7.6%); Short-tailed shrew (5.92%); House mouse (2.54%); Tree sparrow (1.69%); Grasshopper (0.84%); Unidentified (2.54%) % frequency in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 97 scats Ames Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Meadow mouse (43.7%); Harvest mouse (14.5%); Deer mouse (6.3%); Mearns cottontail (10.4%); Short-tailed shrew (4.2%); Shaw pocket gopher (2.1%); Least weasel (18.8%) % frequency in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 38 scats Ames Exposure Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Food habits of the horned and barn owls

Author(s)
Cunningham, John D.
Pages
222
Year
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Neotoma fuscipes (7.9%), Thomomys bottae (20.7%), Mus musculus (25.0%), Microtus californicus (14.9%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (1.7%), Perognathus sp. (4.1%), Dipodomys agilis (4.3%), Peromyscus sp. (3.8%), Notiosorex crawfordi (0.3%), Sylvilagus sp. (0.8%), Sorex ornatus (0.1%), Scapanus latimanus (0.7%), Stenopelmatus sp (2.1%), Elgaria multicarinata (0.1%), unident. birds (4.3%) percent of total number of specimens identified in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 25 lbs of pellets Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles campus Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Dietary Composition Neotoma fuscipes (11.3), Thomomys bottae (36.2), Mus musculus (14.0), Microtus californicus (13.5), Reithrodontomys megalotis (8.7), Perognathus sp. (7.8), Dipodomys agilis (3.1), Peromyscus sp. (3.1), Notiosorex crawfordi (1.3), Sylvilagus sp. (0.5), Sorex ornatus (0.5) percent of total number of specimens identified in pellets Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains (1 ledge) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Arthropod diet of a western horned owl

Author(s)
Ohlendorf, Harry M.
Pages
124-125
Year
Issue
1
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition wolf spider (1), centipede (2), tarantula (3), grasshopper (1), walking stick (2) numbers of prey items in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 1 owl 13 mi NE Fort Davis, Jeff Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Predation by owls in the Sierran foothills of California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
137-151
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition cottontail (61.1%), woodrat (17.9%), kangaroo rat (4.5%), pocket gopher (4.3%), gopher snake (3.7%), ground squirrel (2.4%), other spp (birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates; 6.1%) percent occurrence by weight in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 654 pellets, 1471 prey items San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Effect of vegetation height on hunting behavior and diet of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
127-131
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Odonata (12.1), Hemiptera (23.0), Coleoptera (22.3), Lepidoptera (7.3), Orthoptera (16.8), Hyla cinerea (7.6), H. squirella (1.7), Gastrophyne carolensis (0.9), Rana spenocephala (0.4), Anolis carolinensis (2.8), Scincella lateralis (4.1), Eumeces inexpectatus (1.0) percent of total prey items caught by observed pairs % Both Male and Female Adult 6 territories Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nestling diet and prey-delivery rates of loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E., Joseph Papp and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
1-5
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Orthoptera (59); Lepidoptera (15); Coleoptera (10); arthropod larvae (8); mammals; reptiles and amphibians (4); unident. arthropods (3) percent of total identified prey items delivered to the nest % Not Reported Nestling 1 pair, 155 identified prey York County Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Sceloporus occidentalis (baird and Girard), Western fence lizard

Author(s)
Bell, Edwin L. and Andrew H. Price
Pages
1-17
Year
Volume
631
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Observations on the food of three forest-dwelling lizards in California

Author(s)
Otvos, Imre S.
Pages
6-7
Year
Issue
1
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Aranea (8%); Coleoptera (12%); Lepidoptera (80%) estimated percent of total volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 3 Blodgett Research Forest (elev., 1250-1310m), Challenge (elev., 760-910m) and McCloud Flat, Shasta-Trinity Forest (elev., 1160m) Exposure Factor Datasets El Dorado, Siskiyou, Yuba

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Physiological ecology of desert tortoises in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A. and Philip A. Medica
Pages
73-92
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Langloisia setosissima (39.5%); Camissonia munzii (34%); Oryzopsis hymenoides (14.5%); Bromus rubens (11.5%); other (0.5%) % total fresh volume (weighted annual mean) estimated from observations of feeding animals % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 11 animals Rock Valley, Nye County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and Craig L. Lyons
Pages
811-820
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1984
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition grasses (3.6-33%); cacti (37.0-86.9%); annuals (5.0-18.6%); perennials other than cacti (0.8-2.7%); seeds (3.3-16.0%); other (0.4-2.6%) relative frequency of material in fresh scat, range for 2 sampling periods over 2 years % Both Male and Female Adult 189-195 scat samples/yr Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

Northwestern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis)

Citation:

The diet of the pacific fence lizard, Scleoporus occidentalis occidentalis (Baird and Girard), from northern California

Author(s)
Johnson, Clifford Ray
Pages
114-117
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Thysanura (0.5%); Collembola (1.0%); Dermaptera (0.5%); Orthoptera (37.1%); Isoptera (6.2%); Ephemeroptera (0.5%); Plecoptera (2.9%); Homoptera (5.7%); Hemiptera (27.6%); Coleoptera (42.4%); Diptera (47.1%); Lepidoptera (18.1%); Hymenoptera (20.9%); Isopoda (2.4%); Chilopoda (0.5%); Araneida (19.0%); Acarina (1.0%); S. occidentalis (1.4%) percent of lizards in which prey type occurred in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Adult 210 oak-grassland and creosote bush-rocky moutain terrain Exposure Factor Datasets Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Napa, San Mateo, Shasta, Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Foraging chracteristics of female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursius) and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
Antonelis, George A., Brent S. Stewart and Wayne F. Perryman
Pages
150-158
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (65%); Pacific Whiting (52%); market squid (13%) % occurrence of most frequent prey in scats % Female Adult 23 animals Adams Cove, San Miguel Island [lat., 34^o01'55"N; long., 120^o26'25" W] Exposure Factor Datasets post-partum
Citation:

Seasonal and annual variability in the diet of California Sea Lions Zalophus californianus at San Nicholas Island, California, 1981-86

Author(s)
Lowry, Mark S., Brent S. Stewart, Carolyn B. Heath, Pamela K. Yochem and John M. Francis
Pages
331-336
Year
Issue
2
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (50.6%); Pacific whiting (29.3%); jack mackerel (27.9%); rockfish (25.9%); Pacific mackerel (11.3%); unid. fishes (6.6%); market squid (21.9%); octopus (6.4%); squid, Onychoteuthis (4.7%); squid, Abraliopsis (2.2%); pelagic red crab (10.8%) % frequency of occurrence of major (>2%) prey in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 1232 scats San Nicholas Island Exposure Factor Datasets

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition grass heads (1.3%); grass leaves (78.9%); grass stems (9.2%); grass roots (0.3%); Forb leaves (9.3%);
Forb stems (0.4%); Forb roots (0.1%); Vole hair (0.4%) 		composition of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 750 items/15 voles Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Dietary Composition grass heads (72.6%); grass leaves (4.2%); grass stems (2.0%); grass roots (0.4%); Forb leaves (15.4%); Forb stems (2.6%); Forb roots (2.0%); vole hair (0.8%) composition of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 500 items/10 voles Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. mearnsi)

Citation:

Opportunistic foraging behavior of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Scott, Thomas A. and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
186-193
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Mollusca (0.00), Crustacea (0.27), Arachnida (0.14), Insecta (14.77), Reptilia (53.29), Mammalia (27.66), Aves (3.86) percent of total prey found in pellets by biomass % Not Reported Not Reported 1238 pellets San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

A case of esophageal analysis in shorebird food studies

Author(s)
Rundle, W. Dean
Pages
249-257
Year
Issue
3
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Dietary Composition Physidae (0.9%), Odonata larvae (1.3%), Corixidae adult (1.3%), Coleoptera adult (25.5%), Coleoptera larvae (21.2%), Coleoptera adult pieces (17.0%), Diptera larvae (18.3%), Hymenoptera adult (6.1%), Unidentified (2.6%), plant fibers (1.3%), grit (4.5%) volumetric aggregate percent of esophageal contents Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 15 birds Mingo National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets migrating

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Feeding-time minimization and the territorial behavior of the willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Author(s)
Prescott, David R.C. and Alex L.A. Middleton
Pages
17-28
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Mollusca (4), Arachnida (19), Isopoda (4), Orthoptera (15), Hemiptera (56), Coleoptera (7), Lepidoptera adult (20), Lepidoptera larvae (10), Diptera adult (188), Hymenoptera adult (9), Hymenoptera larvae (1) numbers of food items delivered to nestlings fitted with neck ligatures Not Reported Nestling 333 food items collected Badenoch Swamp, 14 km SE of Guelph (69 deg, 32'N, 80 deg, 13' W) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
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