Dietary Composition
Coyote (Canis latrans)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | rodent (19.2%); deer (5.0%); other stock (12.4%); rabbit (41.5%); misc. (12.4%); sheep (6.6%); bird (2.1%); vegetation (0.8%) | overall % volume of stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 94 | eastern region | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | rodent (24.4%); deer (9.2%); other stock (7.6%); rabbit (26.4%); misc. (10.3%); sheep (5.3%); bird (8.2%); vegetation (8.6%) | overall % volume of stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 297 | southern region | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | rabbits (51.0%); mice (12.3%); other mammals (8.0%); birds (2.7%); plants (0.3%); misc. (0.2%) | % volume of food items in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 222 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | deer (41.8%); livestock (23.3%); mice (3.6%); porcupine (4.0%); snowshoe hare (12.8%); striped skunk (2.0%); red squirrel (0.7%); muskrat (1.8%); beaver (0.6%); racoon (0.2%); ruffed grouse (1.0%); bird (0.1%); poultry (1.4%); unknown (2.0%) | % weight of item in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1204 | Aitkin and Itasca counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | voles (79.4%); deer mice (4.7%); other rodents (7.9%); deer (9.8%); pronghorn (1.6%); other ungulates (5.4%); lagomorphs (1.6%); other mammals (1.9%); birds and eggs (6.6%); seeds and fruit (1.0%); insects (2.2%); unknown (3.8%) | % frequency of occurrence of items in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 315 | National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | voles (88.8%); deer mice (2.8%); other rodents (10.0%); deer (6.2%); other ungulates (11.0%); other mammals (0.8%); birds and eggs (7.6%); seeds and fruit (0.4%); insects (0.8%); unknown (4.8%) | % frequency of occurrence of items in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 250 | National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | voles (74.9%); deer mice (0.5%); other rodents (11.8%); deer (18.3%); pronghorn (10.9%); other ungulates (10.0%); lagomorphs (2.4%); other mammals (0.4%); birds and eggs (12.4%); reptiles and amphibians (4.3%); seeds and fruit (0.5%); insects (7.1%); unknown (1.9%) | % frequency of occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 211 | National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | voles (40.8%); deer mice (2.4%); other rodents (14.1%); deer (24.4%); pronghorn (1.8%); other ungulates (7.3%); lagomorphs (2.4%); other mammals (7.4%); birds and eggs (19.5%); reptiles and amphibians (6.1%); seeds and fruit (30.5%); insects (30.5%); unknown (1.8%) | % frequency of occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 164 | National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | cottontail (45.4%); ground squirrel (31.2%); gopher snake (6.0%); woodrat (4.9%); pocket gopher (3.5%); kangaroo rat (3.3%); other (5.7%) | computed % by weight of total recorded prey; based on scat analysis | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1173 scats | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | poultry (34%); persimmons (23%); insects (11%); rodents (9%); songbirds (8%); cattle (7%); rabbits (7%); deer (5%); woodchucks (4%); goats (4%); watermelons (4%) | % occurrence of 11 most common items in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 168 | Ozarks, Ouachitas, Coastal Plain and Delta | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Sylvilagus spp. (39.7); Microtus montanus (15.9); Perognathus spp. (8.0); Spermophilus townsendii (6.5); Peromyscus maniculatus (5.7); Dipodomys ordii (6.6); Antilocapra americana (5.1); Eutamias minimus (3.6); Lepus californicus (3.4); Thomomys talpoides (3.0); reptiles (1.6); Centrocercus urophasianus (1.5); small birds (2.4) | relative dry weight ingested, estimated from scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 979 scats | Idaho National Engineering Lab | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | large mammals (44%); mice (22%); snowshoe hare (3%); birds (11%); vegetation (7%); misc. (3%) | % volume, determined from stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 344 | Rochester, Alberta | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | rabbits (70.6%); livestock (14.0%); mice (10.5%); birds (4.2%) | % volume of principal foods in stomachs, body weight range 14.5 - 37.0 lbs | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 151 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Dietary Composition | plant foods (29.2%); rabbits (27.6%); mice and rats (24.6%); livestock (7.4%) | % volume of principal foods in scats | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 147 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | white-tailed deer (56.1%); mouse/vole (14.8%): cottontail rabbit (9.4%); woodchuck (10.6%); squirrel (5.2%); raccoon (5.2%); porcupine (2.9%); unidentified mammal hair (18.4%); feathers (10.3%); insects (18.1%); grass/sedge (35.5%); leaf fragments (15.2%); twigs/bark (6.4%); seeds/fruit (15.8%); other plants (2.9%); manmade materials (2.3%) | % frequence of occurrence of major (>2%) food items in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 310 scats | northcentral, southcentral and northeast regions | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (57%); Microtus californicus (19%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (29%); Thomomys bottae (19%); Birds (5%); Insects (10%); Seeds and berries (10%); Herbaceous vegetation (14%) | % of scats containing each prey item | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 21 | Concord Naval Weapons Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Dietary Composition | Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (43%); Microtus californicus (61%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (30%); Lepus californicus (43%); Thomomys bottae (9%); Insects (13%); Seeds and berries (4%); Herbaceous vegetation (35%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (9%) | % of scats containing each prey item | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 23 | Concord Naval Weapons Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Dietary Composition | Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (67%); Microtus californicus (45%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (12%); Thomomys bottae (2%); Birds (5%); Seeds and berries (19%); Herbaceous vegetation (43%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (24%) | % of scats containing each prey item | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 42 | Concord Naval Weapons Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Dietary Composition | Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (43%); Microtus californicus (30%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (43%); Lepus californicus (17%); Thomomys bottae (4%); Insects (13%); Seeds and berries (13%); Herbaceous vegetation (17%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (13%) | % of scats containing each prey item | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 23 | Concord Naval Weapons Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Terrestrial: Reptiles (1.8%); Rodents (21.0%); Lagomorphs (6.6%); Birds (6.3%); Arthropods (5.7%); Vegetation (8.1%) Marine: Reptiles (0.6%); Mammals (0.3%); Fish (12.0%); Birds (16.5%); Arthropods (17.7%); Vegetation (0.6%) | average percent occurrence of item in scats from 4 coastal sites | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 152 | Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California del Norte [lat., 28^o55' N; long., 113^o30' W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| Dietary Composition | Terrestrial: Reptiles (7.1%); Rodents (48.0%); Lagomorphs (15.9%); Birds (1.0%); Arthropods (11.8%); Vegetation (15.5%) Marine: Birds (0.3%) | average percent occurrence of item in scats from 4 inland sites | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 170 | Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California del Norte [lat., 28^o55' N; long., 113^o30' W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | figure of monthly average volume (%) of food items in scats during 2 summers | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 666 scat samples | Gaspesie Conservation Park and Chic-Chocs Game Reserve [lat., 49^o00N'; long., 66^o00' W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Seeds (54.8%); Fruit (56.9%); Insects (44.1%); California voles (12.9%); Lagomorphs (10.8%); Cricetine rodents (62.4%); Birds (5.4%); Califorina ground squirrels (4.3%); Gophers (2.2%); Amphibians/Reptiles (2.2%) | overall % frequency of occurrence of prey items in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 93 scats | Lemoore Naval Air Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Fresno, Kings |
Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Decapoda: Astacidae (47.7%); Lepidoptera (19.0%); Coleoptera: Lampryidae (5.8%); Chrysomelidae (5.8%); Carabidae (4.1%); Curculionidae (0.3%); Chilopoda (7.7%); sand, gravel (1.2%); unidentified (1%) | % volume of stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 18 | Breathitt and Perry counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | frogs (12.1%); goldfish (30.3%); gastropods (12.4%); crayfish (9.3%); arachnida (4.4%); coleoptera adult (10.6%); hemiptera (8.2%); orthoptera (8.7%) | % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items | % | Not Reported | Adult | 772 | goldfish pond, Richland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | frogs (13.0%); shiners (27.5%); gastropods (16.1%); crayfish (16.3%); arachnida (4.5%); coleoptera adult (10.5%); hemiptera (13.5%); orthoptera (5.8%); lepidoptera larvae (4.5%); odonata adult (4.2%) | % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items | % | Not Reported | Adult | 553 | bait minnow pond, Richland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | gastropoda (1.5%); annelida (1.5%); acarina (10.0%); araneida (17.7%); non-insect arthropods (16.9%); collembola (16.2%); hemiptera (8.5%); coleoptera (3.1%); lepidoptera (0.8%); hymenoptera (12.3%); diptera (10.0%); orthoptera (1.5%) | % of total items in stomach contents; Ensatina size class >45 mm | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | <22 | Multonmah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | acarina (32.5%); araneida (22.6%); non-insect arthropods (22.6%); collembola (16.1%); coleoptera (6.5%) | % of total items in stomach contents; Ensatina size class <45 mm | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | <22 | Multonmah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | sow bugs (42%); centipedes (42%); spiders (60%); springtails (47%); beetles (36%); caterpillars (5%); ants (13%) | % of stomach containing food item | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 45 | Dixie Canyon | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Crustacea (1); Arachnida (19); Diplopoda (5); Chilopoda (3); Hexapoda (32) | number of each item in stomach contents | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 21 | Portland, Multnomah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | earthworm (1); sowbugs (14); amphipod (1); centipede (1); millipede (4); spiders (6); springtail (1); thysanuran (1); camel crickets (15); lepidopterous larva (1); dipteran (1); beetles (5); ant (1) | number of each food item in stomachs | # | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 27 | Pinehurst Madrone Grove Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Dietary Composition | sowbug (1); centipede (1); millipede (6); spiders (7); wood ticks (2); scavenger mite (1); solpugid (1); springtails (5); worker termites (15); hemipteran (1); fly (1); beetles (11); ants (2) | number of each food item in stomachs | # | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 8 | Madelia Canyon | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Collembola (68%); Coleoptera adults (49%); Coleoptera larvae (11%); Diptera adults (14%); Diptera larvae (16%); Hymenoptera (22%); Acarina (19%); Araneae (57%); Diplopoda (38%); Isopoda (32%) | % frequency of major food items | % | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 37 | 1-2 mi WSW of Pepperwood, Humboldt Co. | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Odonata (12.1), Hemiptera (23.0), Coleoptera (22.3), Lepidoptera (7.3), Orthoptera (16.8), Hyla cinerea (7.6), H. squirella (1.7), Gastrophyne carolensis (0.9), Rana spenocephala (0.4), Anolis carolinensis (2.8), Scincella lateralis (4.1), Eumeces inexpectatus (1.0) | percent of total prey items caught by observed pairs | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 territories | Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Orthoptera (59); Lepidoptera (15); Coleoptera (10); arthropod larvae (8); mammals; reptiles and amphibians (4); unident. arthropods (3) | percent of total identified prey items delivered to the nest | % | Not Reported | Nestling | 1 pair, 155 identified prey | York County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. mearnsi)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Mollusca (0.00), Crustacea (0.27), Arachnida (0.14), Insecta (14.77), Reptilia (53.29), Mammalia (27.66), Aves (3.86) | percent of total prey found in pellets by biomass | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1238 pellets | San Clemente Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Erodium cicutarium leaf (19.4%) and seed (18.8%); Schismus barbatus non-seed (15.3%) and seed (2.8%); unidentified grass (14.1%); Bromus madritensis (7.1%); insect (8.1%); Hirschfeldia incana seed (4.7%); Eriogonom fasciculatum seed (3.5%); Salsola tragus seed (3.4%); Amsinckia menziesii seed (2.4%); Artemesia californica seed (0.9%) | annual % frequency of occurrence in fecal pellets | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 5-10 pellets/mo | Mottee Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area | Exposure Factor Datasets | Riverside |
Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Grasses: Oryzopsis hymenoides (18.0%); Hilaria rigida (13.7%); Tridens pulchella (3.3%); Bromus rubens (4.7%); Annual forbs: Plantago insularis (16.6%); Eriogonum spp. (14.3%); Phacelia spp. (6.8%); Vegetative plant parts: Phacelia spp. (6.0%); Erodium circutarium (3.2%); Misc. (8.4%) | % volume in cheek pouches of major (>2%) food items | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 54 | Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Grasses: Oryzopsis hymenoides (27.7%); Hilaria rigida (6.6%); Bromus rubens (8.5%); Annual forbs: Plantago insularis (12.3%); Phacelia spp. (4.5%); Perrenial shrubs: Ephedra funera (9.8%); Sphaeralcea ambigua (11.3%); Dalea fremontii (7.3%); Vegetative plant parts: Phacelia spp. (3.5%); Misc. (4.5%) | % volume in cheek pouches of major (>2%) food items | Not Reported | Not Reported | 27 | Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | monthly % volume of food items (detailed species-specific list) in feces | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 3 - 26/mo | Irvine Ranch | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | monthly % volume of food items (detailed species-specific list) in feces | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 15-47/mo | Irvine Ranch | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Lepidoptera (71% in June); Graminae seeds (66% in July); crested wheat grass (76% in Aug.) | % of fragments identified in stomach contents; dominant food items for 3 months | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 72 | Idaho National Engineering Lab. | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | ARTHROPODS (78-95%); SEEDS, Halogeton (0-58%), Shadscale (0-27%); grass (0-19%); prickly pear (0-34%), Tansy mustard (0-8%); LEAVES, Halogeton (2-39%), Shadscale (3-14%); grass (17-34%), Tansy mustard (0-11%), peppergrass (0-5%); Russian thistle (0-12%); MISC., mammalian hair (3-13%), prickly pear stems (0-9%) | range of % frequency of food items in stomachs over 3 mo. | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 405 | Raft River Valley; Cassia County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | percent grasshoppers in stomach contents (43% of animals examined) | % grasshoppers | Not Reported | Not Reported | 230 animals | Ithaca | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | stomach contents and fecal analysis | Both Male and Female | Adult | 149; 20 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | figure of % occurrence of prey items in scats | % | Female | Adult | 73 - 283 | San Miguel and San Clemente Islands | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Hemiptera (34.43%), Orthoptera (18.52%), Lepidoptera (20.63%), Coleoptera (15.26%), Hymenoptera (6.44%), other insects and spiders (2.71%), vegetable food (0.7%) | percent occurrence of food items in stomachs | Not Reported | Not Reported | 52 stomachs | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | meadow vole and jumping mouse (11.3%), juv. white-tailed jackrabbit (9.4%), horned or eared grebe (5.7%), American coot (22.6%), sora and Virginia rails (3.8%), duck (26.4%), sharp-tailed grouse (9.4%), blackbird (11.3%) | relative frequency of prey species occurence in nests | Not Reported | Nestling | 78 nest visits | Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | rodents (98.5%), birds + insects + reptiles + lagomorphs (1.5%) | percent of prey types in diet (seasonal average) | Not Reported | Adult | 522 pellets | near Bariloche, northwest. Patagonia | Exposure Factor Datasets | ARGENTINA |
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | seeds (96.1%), green vegetation (1.1%), insects (2.8%) | percent of diet by volume based on crop analysis | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 38 birds | New Mexico State University Ranch | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | seeds (99.9%), green vegetation (0.1%) | percent of diet by volume based on crop analysis | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 42 birds | New Mexico State University Ranch | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | haygrazer (15-96%), wheat (trace-31%), pricklepoppy (trace-19%), panic grass (trace-33%), maize (3-76%), pigweed (trace-14%), sunflower (trace-10%), spurge (trace-17%), wild bean (trace-44%), others (1-6%) | percent consumption by weight of 9 most frequently eaten foods (range over 7 months) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Jackson County (elev. 430 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | green foxtail (39.8%), yellow foxtail (21.4%), wheat (19.6%), black bindweed (5.1%), maize (4.7%), proso millet (3.0%), flax (2.0%), field mustard (1.6%), lamb's quarters (1.2%) | percent occurrence in diet by weight | % | Not Reported | Adult | 120 birds | captured in Grand Forks County, ND | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | halogeton (22.0% +/- 33.9), pigweed (3.9% +/- 13.5), common vetch (4.1% +/-17.9), Indian ricegrass (26.1% +/- 37.6), collomia(6.7% +/- 21.6), barnyard grass (0.3% +/- 5.0), gromwell (0.4% +/- 3.7), wheat (13.2% +/- 29.9), oats (0.6% +/- 4.2), cottonwood (1.6% +/- 11.6), other species (1.7% +/- 7.9), grit (13.9% +/- 23.9) | percent occurrence by mass in crop contents (mean +/- SD) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 223 birds | Idaho National Engineering Laboratory | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | snails (7%); beetle (2.3%); duckweed (14.1%); pondweed (23.2%); water lily (7.0%); bulrush (9.3%); smartweed (25.5%); Ammiaceae (11.6%) | % occurrence in gizzard contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 36 | Sandusky Bay, Port Clinton | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. artemisiae)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | green plant materials (3.0%); seed fragments (7.0%); arthropods (48.0%); other animal tissue (8.0%); unidentified (33%) | % volume of stomach contents | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 39 | Grand Teton National Park | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. rubidus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Plant matter: Abronia or Cakile (16%); Fragaria seeds (1.5%); plant shoots (1%); Animal matter: Orchestoidea (3%); Diptera (3%); Staphylinid beetles (1.5%); aphids (1%); centipedes (1.5%); unidentified arthropod chitin (16%); unidentified arthropod viscera (56%) | % food item volume in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 30 | Samoa | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | lepidopterous larvae (15.4%); misc. vegetation (14.7%); wheat seeds (11.8%); soybeans (10.5%); unidentified seeds (7.2%); corn (5.6%); green vegetation (5.1%); coleoptera (3.6%); Lespedeza seeds (2.3%) | % volume of major (>2%) food items in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 444 | Vigo County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | review | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | waterfowl (50%), shorebirds (10-12%), small gulls (10-15%), small land birds (20%), small mammals (2-3%) | dietary contribution of groups of species, by weight, based on collection of remains at nests | Both Male and Female | Adult, Chick | 329 prey items | Yukon River | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Holboell's grebe (2.4%); green-winged teal (9.7%); buffle-head (2.7%); sparrow hawk (2.4%); spruce grouse (2.4%); ruffed grouse (2.4%); lesser yellow-legs (9.7%); gulls (19.6%); hawk owl (2.4%); northern flicker (2.4%); Alaska jay (12.5%); Hudsonian chickadee (2.4%); gray-cheeked thrush (2.4%); rusty blackbird (2.4%); pine grosbeak (2.4%); robin (4.9%); unidentified passerines (17.0%) | estimated from prey item remains lying about the bluffs in study area | % total prey | Not Reported | Not Reported | 52 prey items | Tanana River, Chena | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | review | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Benthic macroinvertebrates (75%): Diptera (66.7); Chironomidae (41.7%); Coleoptera (58.3%); Trichoptera (50%); Ephemeroptera (25%); Amphipoda (16.7%); Plecoptera (8.3%); Pelecypoda (8.3%); Crustacean zooplankton (41.7%): Cladocerans (41.7%); Unidentified (41.7%); Imm. Daphnids (25.0%); Daphnia rosea (25%); Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (16.7%); Chydorus spaericus (8.3%); Copepods (16.7%); Cylopoids (16.7%); Calanoids (8.3%); Harpactacoids (8.3%) | % larvae stomachs that contained prey item | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 13 | North Cascades National Park Service Complex | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Newt (Taricha torosa)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | figure of % of stomachs containing prey items over several yrs | Not Reported | Adult | 17-52 | Cold Creek and Trancas Creek, Santa Monica Mountains | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles |
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mammals (4.7%), birds (50.4%), amphibians (1.3%), reptiles (12.8%), insects (30.8%) | percent composition of diet by biomass | % | Not Reported | Adult | 396 identified prey items | Sierra de Bahoruco | Exposure Factor Datasets | nesting | DOMINICAN REPUBLIC |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | gunnels (5%), sculpins (1%), sand lance (44%), capelin (34%), flatfishes (11%), clupeids (4%), other (1%) | proportion of prey species in diet by percent volume | % | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 187 | St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
