Dietary Composition

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Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Prey of nesting red-tailed hawks and great horned owls on Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge, northwestern North Dakota

Author(s)
Murphy, Robert K.
Pages
145-149
Year
Issue
3
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition meadow vole and jumping mouse (11.3%), juv. white-tailed jackrabbit (9.4%), horned or eared grebe (5.7%), American coot (22.6%), sora and Virginia rails (3.8%), duck (26.4%), sharp-tailed grouse (9.4%), blackbird (11.3%) relative frequency of prey species occurence in nests Not Reported Nestling 78 nest visits Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reversed sexual size dimorphism: its effect on prey selection by the great horned owl, Bubo virginianus

Author(s)
Longland, William S.
Pages
395-398
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Dipodomys ordii (0.13%), Microtus montanus (0.14%), Perognathus parvus (0.02%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.50%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.21%) relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis Female Adult 1 owl Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Dipodomys ordii (0.11%), Microtus montanus (0.12%), Perognathus parvus (0.03%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.63%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.10%) relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis Male Adult 1 owl Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) in the cape region of Lower California, Mexico

Author(s)
Llinas-Gutierrez, Jorge, Gustavo Arnaud and Marcos Acevedo
Pages
140-141
Year
Issue
4
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Dietary Composition mammals (47.0%), birds (5.2%), reptiles (15.7%), arachnids (8.7%), centipedes (7.0%), insects (16.5%) percent of total numbers of prey items in diet, based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Adult 2 owls (49 pellets) El Comitan, Baja California Sur Exposure Factor Datasets nesting MEXICO

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. artemisiae)

Citation:

Ecological notes on deer mice in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

Author(s)
Clark, Tim W.
Pages
14-16
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition green plant materials (3.0%); seed fragments (7.0%); arthropods (48.0%); other animal tissue (8.0%); unidentified (33%) % volume of stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 39 Grand Teton National Park Exposure Factor Datasets

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Summer food habits and population density of coyotes, Canis latrans, in boreal forests of sutheastern Quebec

Author(s)
Samson, Claude and Michel Crete
Pages
227-233
Year
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition see citation figure of monthly average volume (%) of food items in scats during 2 summers Both Male and Female Not Reported 666 scat samples Gaspesie Conservation Park and Chic-Chocs Game Reserve [lat., 49^o00N'; long., 66^o00' W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Relationship between coyote group size and diet in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
647-653
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation figure of seasonal changes in diet based on scat analysis; mean % volume of food items % Not Reported Not Reported 3270 scats Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310 - 1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the coyote in California

Author(s)
Ferrel, Carol M., Howard R. Leach and Daniel F. Tillotson
Pages
301-341
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition rodent (33.2%); deer (17.0%); other stock (14.8%); rabbit (13.2%); misc. (10.0%); sheep (4.6%); bird (3.8%); vegetation (3.4%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 407 coastal region Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodent (27.0%); deer (18.3%); other stock (9.4%); rabbit (22.2%); misc. (10.5%); sheep (6.7%); bird (5.0%); vegetation (0.9%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 611 northeast region Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodent (24.5%); deer (11.4%); other stock (12.1%); rabbit (22.9%); misc. (10.5%); sheep (9.7%); bird (3.4%); vegetation (5.5%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 813 inland Sierra region Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of coyotes in Arkansas

Author(s)
Gipson, Philip S.
Pages
848-853
Year
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition poultry (34%); persimmons (23%); insects (11%); rodents (9%); songbirds (8%); cattle (7%); rabbits (7%); deer (5%); woodchucks (4%); goats (4%); watermelons (4%) % occurrence of 11 most common items in stomach contents % Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 168 Ozarks, Ouachitas, Coastal Plain and Delta Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diet of Coyotes at Lemoore Naval Air Station

Author(s)
Kuenzi, Amy J.
Pages
9-11
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Seeds (54.8%); Fruit (56.9%); Insects (44.1%); California voles (12.9%); Lagomorphs (10.8%); Cricetine rodents (62.4%); Birds (5.4%); Califorina ground squirrels (4.3%); Gophers (2.2%); Amphibians/Reptiles (2.2%) overall % frequency of occurrence of prey items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 93 scats Lemoore Naval Air Station Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno, Kings
Citation:

Foods of adult Maine coyotes and their known-aged pups

Author(s)
Harrison, Daniel J. and Joyce A. Harrison
Pages
922-926
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition blueberries (68%); white-tailed deer (43%); snowshoe hare (30%); small mammals (21%); birds (2%) % occurrence of food items in scats % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 452 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Estimating coyote food intake from undigested residues in scats

Author(s)
Johnson, Mark K. and Richard M. Hansen
Pages
363-367
Year
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Sylvilagus spp. (39.7); Microtus montanus (15.9); Perognathus spp. (8.0); Spermophilus townsendii (6.5); Peromyscus maniculatus (5.7); Dipodomys ordii (6.6); Antilocapra americana (5.1); Eutamias minimus (3.6); Lepus californicus (3.4); Thomomys talpoides (3.0); reptiles (1.6); Centrocercus urophasianus (1.5); small birds (2.4) relative dry weight ingested, estimated from scats % Not Reported Not Reported 979 scats Idaho National Engineering Lab Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote food habits in Sagehen Creek basin, northeastern California

Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Pages
4-12
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mule deer (35.2%); cattle (11.5%); sheep (3.7%); coyote (2.9%); Microtus sp. (47.7%); Thomomys sp. (6.8%); Lepus americanus (4.4%); Marmota flaviventris (3.9%); Citellus lateralis (3.9%); Erethizon dorsatum (3.7%); song birds (3.7%); other insects (4.7%); pine and fir needles (19%); grass (17.6%); other vegetable matter (8.7%) % of scats containing food item % Both Male and Female Adult 384 scats Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968

Author(s)
Nellis, Carl H. and Lloyd B. Keith
Pages
389-399
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition large mammals (44%); mice (22%); snowshoe hare (3%); birds (11%); vegetation (7%); misc. (3%) % volume, determined from stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 344 Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Food habits of four species of rodents on a short-grass prairie in Colorado

Author(s)
Flake, Lester D.
Pages
636-647
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition ANIMAL MATTER: Coleoptera adults (10.8); Coleoptera larvae (1.4); Grasshoppers (5.7); Leaf hoppers (3.4); Lepidoptera adults (4.4); Lepidoptera larvae (1.3); Spiders (2.5); PLANT MATTER: Seeds (40.3); Total forbs (10.4) - Kochia scoparia (6.7); Total grasses and sedges (3.5); Total shrubs (1.1). estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 92 Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition ANIMAL MATTER: Coleoptera adults (9.8); Coleoptera larvae (1.1); Grasshoppers (7.7); Leaf hoppers (1.7); Lepidoptera adults (1.3); Lepidoptera larvae (1.0); Spiders (2.4); PLANT MATTER: Seeds (47.8); Total forbs (4.8) - Kochia scoparia (3.1); Total grasses and sedges (4.3); Total shrubs (0.9). estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 102 Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition ANIMAL MATTER: Coleoptera adults (7.6); Coleoptera larvae (0.2); Grasshoppers (5.1); Leaf hoppers (2.1); Lepidoptera adults (0.2); Lepidoptera larvae (0.5); Spiders (2.5); PLANT MATTER: Seeds (65.7); Total forbs (6.3) - Kochia scoparia (3.2); Total grasses and sedges (1.3); Total shrubs (0.6). estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 134 Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus and P. boylei, in the northern Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Jameson, Jr., E.W.
Pages
50-60
Year
Issue
1
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition seeds (6-49%); fruit (0-24%); arthropods (27-80%); leaves (0-20%); fungi (0-5%); misc. (0-18%) volumetric % of stomach contents, range of monthly means for 2 yrs. and 2 habitat types % Not Reported Not Reported 48-59 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500 - 5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition seeds (0-68%); fruit (0-24%); arthropods (0-47%); leaves (0-19%); fungi (0-43%); misc. (0-27%) volumetric % of stomach contents, range of monthly means for 2 yrs. and 2 habitat types % Not Reported Not Reported 78-105 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500 - 5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition
Dietary Composition food Both Male and Female Adult 23 Blue Lake,
75 long., 95 lat. 		Exposure Factor Datasets 2 years Alpine breeding
Citation:

Habitat use and food selection of small mammals near a sagebrush/crested wheatgrass interface in southeastern Idaho

Author(s)
Koehler David K. and Stanley H. Anderson
Pages
249-255
Year
Issue
3
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Lepidoptera (71% in June); Graminae seeds (66% in July); crested wheat grass (76% in Aug.) % of fragments identified in stomach contents; dominant food items for 3 months % Not Reported Not Reported 72 Idaho National Engineering Lab. Exposure Factor Datasets

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Comparative food habits of sympatric mink frogs, bullfrogs, and green frogs

Author(s)
Stewart, Margaret M. and Peggy Sandison
Pages
241-244
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation % frequency of 26 food items in stomach contents (family level) Not Reported Adult 24 Cranberry Lake Biological Station, Barber Point, Cranberry Lake Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology and management of the bullfrog

Author(s)
Bury, R. B. and J.A. Whelan
Pages
23
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Resource Publication No. 155
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

An analysis of the food habits of the bullfrog by body size, sex, month, and habitat

Author(s)
Brooks, G. R., Jr.
Pages
173-186
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Insecta (51.8%); Arachnida (11.2%); Amphibia (2.8%); Diploda (1.3%); Gastropoda (1.3%); Crustacea (1.4%);Teleosts (1.1%); Mammalia (0.2%); Oligochaeta (1.3%); Reptilia (0.2%); Pebbles and sand (3.4%); Vegetative material (12.5%); Digested material (11.6%) % occurrence of item; obtained by dividing # of a specific item taken by total # of items; based on stomach contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 129 ponds, Hanover County Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Diet, capture success, and mode of hunting by female American kestrels in winter

Author(s)
Collopy, Michael W. and James R. Koplin
Pages
369-371
Year
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition invertebrates (39.3%), herpetofauna (37.9%), mammals (22.8%) dietary composition (% of total biomass), 1973-1974 Female Not Reported 3 Arcata Bottoms Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Dietary Composition insects (31.7%), reptiles (26.0%), birds (16.6%), mammals (25.7%) percent of prey by prey weight Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra breeding
Citation:

A study and implications of habitat separation by sex of wintering American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Meyer, Ruthe Lashe and Thomas G. Balgooyen
Pages
107-123
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition invertebrates (173.8), reptiles (23.0), birds (481.0), mammals (609.5) amount of prey taken by prey weight g Female Adult 5 Hollister Basin (elev. 48-210 m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito, Santa Clara
Citation:

Predatory efficiency of American kestrels wintering in northwestern California

Author(s)
Collopy, Michael W.
Pages
25-31
Year
Issue
2
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition invertebrates (85.4%), vertebrates (14.6%) relative numbers of dietary items captured Not Reported Not Reported 24 birds Arcata Bottoms; pasture Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Food use by migratory female mallards in northwest Missouri

Author(s)
Gruenhagen, Ned. M. and Leigh H. Fredrickson
Pages
622-626
Year
Issue
4
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition plant (82.9-98.4%), and invertebrates (1.6-17.1%) ranges of mean aggregate percent dry mass (stomach contents of ducks from different habitats) Female Both Adults and Juveniles 123 Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Foods used by male mallards wintering in southeastern Missouri

Author(s)
Combs, Daniel L. and Leigh H. Fredrickson
Pages
603-610
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition total plant seeds (19.3%), total grain (5.7%), acorns (64.5%), total vegetation (0.9%), tubers/rhizomes (5.1%), invertebrates (4.6%) mean aggregate % dry mass of foods collected in mallard stomachs (one season) Male Both Adults and Juveniles 104 Mingo National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Nesting success and habitat relationships of burrowing owls in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon

Author(s)
Green, Gregory A and Robert G. Anthony
Pages
347-354
Year
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition arthropods (92%), vertebrates (8%) percent occurrence in diet based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Not Reported 5,559 pellets Gilliam, Morrow, and Umatilla counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative diets of burrowing owls in Oregon and Washington

Author(s)
Green, Gregory A., Richard E. Fitzner, Robert G. Anthony and Lee E. Rogers
Pages
88-93
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition vertebrate (86.7%), invertebrate (13.3%) diet composition by percent biomass in pellets Both Male and Female Adult pellets 5,559 Columbia Basin Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition vertebrate (89.9%), invertebrate (10.1%) diet composition by percent biomass in pellets Both Male and Female Adult 769 pellets Columbia Basin Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Selenium accumulation and ecology of the San Joaquin kit fox in the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge Area

Author(s)
Paveglio, Fred L and Steven D. Clifton
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, San Luis Wildlife Refuge
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition insects (1.3%), Hermann's kangaroo rat (19.6%), California vole (31.5%), deer mouse (14.4%), California ground squirrel (24.4%), Audubon's cottontail (12.0%), unident. plant material (0.7%) relative composition of prey remains in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 25 scats Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Merced
Citation:

Distribution and habitat requirements of the San Joaquin kit fox in the northern extreme of their range

Author(s)
Orloff, Susan, Frank Hall and Linda Spiegel
Pages
60-70
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Jerusalem crickets (27%), unident. birds (2%), rabbits (3%), California ground squirrel (35%), pocket mice (2%), western harvest mice (17%), Peromyscus sp. (13%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 scats Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Dietary Composition Jerusalem crickets (1%), unident. reptiles (1%), unident. birds (1%), rabbits (5%), California ground squirrel (62%), pocket mice (5%), western harvest mice (10%), Peromyscus sp. (11%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 scats Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Dietary overlap of Sceloporus occidentalis and S. graciosus

Author(s)
Rose, Barbara R.
Pages
818-820
Year
Volume
1976
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Formicidae (34.8-34.1%); Coleoptera (18.1-26.4%); Isoptera (19.8-17.2%); Hemiptera-Homoptera (5.0-8.1%); Non-formicid Hymenoptera (5.6-6.5%); Diptera (0.5-1.4%); Orthoptera (1.7-2.6%); Odonata (0.0-0.3%); Dermaptera (0.0-1.3%); Insect larvae (2.8-4.8%); Isopoda (0.0-1.4%); Arancae (1.6-2.8%); Land snails (0.0-0.5%); Sceloporus hatchlings (0.0-0.1%) and Unknown (1.4-2.0%) percentage of total individuals of various prey taxa in stomach contents. % Not Reported Adult 45-47 animals/site Blackbird Valley and Foss Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Napa, Santa Clara
Citation:

Food habits of seven species of lizards from Malheur county, southeastern Oregon

Author(s)
Whitaker, John O. Jr. and Chris Maser
Pages
202-208
Year
Issue
3
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Orthoptera (52.1%); Coleoptera (18.1%); Hymenoptera (10.6%); Hemiptera (2.0%); Homoptera (0.1%); Lepidoptera (5.5%); Araneida (2.7%) % volume in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 39 Owyhee Upland Province Exposure Factor Datasets

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

The ecology of Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami Mearns) on the grazing of lands of southern Arizona

Author(s)
Reynolds, Hudson G.
Pages
112-127
Year
Issue
2
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition grass seeds (49%); forb seeds (33%); shrub seeds (12%); other vegetative parts (5%) % frequency of occurrence in pouch contents % Not Reported Not Reported 1001 pouches Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000-4000 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Rodents of a creosote bush community in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Bradley, W. Glen and Roger A. Mauer
Pages
333-344
Year
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses: Oryzopsis hymenoides (18.0%); Hilaria rigida (13.7%); Tridens pulchella (3.3%); Bromus rubens (4.7%); Annual forbs: Plantago insularis (16.6%); Eriogonum spp. (14.3%); Phacelia spp. (6.8%); Vegetative plant parts: Phacelia spp. (6.0%); Erodium circutarium (3.2%); Misc. (8.4%) % volume in cheek pouches of major (>2%) food items % Not Reported Not Reported 54 Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Citation:

The ecology of the desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Author(s)
Norris, Kenneth S.
Pages
265-287
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Plants: Larrea divaricata (85%); Animal: Fecal pellets (10%); Bees (trace); Sand (trace) % volume of total stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 17 Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Dietary Composition Plants: Dicoria canescens (45%); Flower heads of composite (10%); Coldenia sp. (5%); Trifolium sp. (20%); Animal: Grasshoppers (5%); Dipsosaurus (5%); Fecal pellets (5%) % volume of total stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 12 Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Dietary Composition Plants: Dicoria canescens (50%); Flower heads of composite (25%); Dalea emoryi ? (10%); Coldenia sp. (10%) % volume of total stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 8 Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Foods of nestling double-crested cormorants in Penobscot Bay, Maine, USA: Temporal and spatial comparisons

Author(s)
Blackwell, Bradley F., William B. Krohn and R. Bradford Allen
Pages
199-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition sculpin, rock gunnel, blueback herring, alewife, wrymouth, sand shrimp, cunner, American eel, rock crab, N. Caridean shrimp, sand shrimp, white perch, yellow perch, rainbow smelt, N. lobster, Atlantic tomcod primary dietary items from nestling regurgitant samples Not Reported Nestling 673 samples Penobscot Bay Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

Summer foods of the Audubon's cottontail (Sylvilagus auduboni: Leporidae)

Author(s)
Scribner, Kim T. and Leslie J. Krysl
Pages
460-463
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses (51.2%); Forbs (45.4%) cumulative dietary frequency estimated from stomach contents (sum of all fragments of a plant species divided by total # plant fragments) % Not Reported Not Reported 172 Castro County, range playa basins Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Grasses (32.1%); Forbs (66%) cumulative dietary frequency estimated from stomach contents (sum of all fragments of a plant species divided by total # plant fragments) % Not Reported Not Reported 172 Castro County, agricultural playa basins Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Citation:

Comparative food habits of four species of stream-dwelling vertebrates (Dicamptodon ensatus, D. copei, Cottus tenuis, Salmo gairdneri)

Author(s)
Antonelli, Arthur L., Ronald A. Nussbaum and Stamford D. Smith
Pages
277-289
Year
Issue
4
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation monthly % of gut content samples in which organism occurred (n=38 diet items) Not Reported Not Reported 3-34/mo Maratta Creek, Cowlitz County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Feeding ecology of stream-dwelling pacific giant salamander larvae (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Author(s)
Parker, Michael S.
Pages
705-718
Year
Volume
1994
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Ephemeroptera (59.1%); Trichoptera (11.7%); Plecoptera (4.5%); Diptera (8.1%); Coleoptera (3.6%); Odonata (1.0%); Hemiptera (<1.0%); Non-Insecta (3.4%); Vertebrates (<1.0%); Terrestrial organisms, Insecta (8.8%) average proportion of total prey items in stomach contents on 11 sampling dates % Not Reported Juvenile 502 Fox Creek [lat., 38^o45'N, 123^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Mendocino
Citation:

Stomach contents of Idaho larval Dicamptodon

Author(s)
Metter, Dean E.
Pages
435-436
Year
Volume
1963
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Ascaphus truei larvae (7%); Gastropoda (1%); Nematomorpha (1%); Arachnoidea (4%); Plecoptera nymphs (23%); Tricoptera larvae (26%); Tricoptera adults (3%); Coleoptera larvae (15%); Coleoptera adults (14%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (14%); Diptera larvae (10%) Diptera adults (5%); Lepidoptera (2%); Orthoptera (1%); Misc. (23%) % of stomachs containing the item % Not Reported Juvenile 50 Palouse River, Latah County Exposure Factor Datasets

Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

Citation:

Feeding habits and diet overlap of three species of garter snakes (Thamnophis) on Vancouver Island

Author(s)
Gregory, Patrick T.
Pages
1967-1974
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition amphibians (41); earthworms (24); birds (1); leeches (1); misc. invertebrates (4); unidentified (13); empty (100) number of stomach examinations yielding various food types # Not Reported Not Reported 179 Vancouver Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

The feeding habits of California garter snakes

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
1-32
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Slug (1.4%); Earthworm (23.6%); Frog, Rana (6.9%); Toad, Bufo and Scaphiopus (30.5%); Tree Toad (20.8%); Leech (4.0%); Tadpole (10%); Minnow (1.4%); Unidentified fish (1.4%) % of total recorded food items % Not Reported Not Reported 48 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Garter snake diets in a fluctuating environment: A seven-year study

Author(s)
Kephart, Donald G. and Stevan J. Arnold
Pages
1232-1236
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Anurans (67%); Fish (11%); Leeches (22%) % of stomachs containing prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 36 Eagle Lake (elev., 1555m) [lat., 40^o33'24"N; long., 120^o47'5" W] Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Moore, William S.
Pages
1-28
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Diet of Stephens' Kangaroo rat, Dipodomys stephensi

Author(s)
Lowe, Margot
Pages
358-361
Year
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Erodium cicutarium leaf (19.4%) and seed (18.8%); Schismus barbatus non-seed (15.3%) and seed (2.8%); unidentified grass (14.1%); Bromus madritensis (7.1%); insect (8.1%); Hirschfeldia incana seed (4.7%); Eriogonom fasciculatum seed (3.5%); Salsola tragus seed (3.4%); Amsinckia menziesii seed (2.4%); Artemesia californica seed (0.9%) annual % frequency of occurrence in fecal pellets % Not Reported Not Reported 5-10 pellets/mo Mottee Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. rubidus)

Citation:

Food habits of Peromyscus maniculatus on a California beach

Author(s)
Osborne, T.O. and W.A. Sheppe
Pages
844-845
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Plant matter: Abronia or Cakile (16%); Fragaria seeds (1.5%); plant shoots (1%); Animal matter: Orchestoidea (3%); Diptera (3%); Staphylinid beetles (1.5%); aphids (1%); centipedes (1.5%); unidentified arthropod chitin (16%); unidentified arthropod viscera (56%) % food item volume in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 30 Samoa Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Notes on ecology and food of the Kit fox in Central Utah

Author(s)
Smith, Dwight G.
Pages
96 - 98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition black-tailed hare (61.4%), cottontail rabbit (7.7%); also Ord's kangaroo rat, deer mouse, pocket mouse, horned lark, unident. passerine, beetle proportion of total prey items identified in stomach contents Both Male and Female Adult 18 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Dietary composition of brown pelicans breeding in the southern California bight

Author(s)
Kelly, P.R., Franklin Gress and D.W. Anderson
Pages
105
Year
Issue
2
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax (80%) percent of estimated prey biomass, from pre-fledgling regurgitations Not Reported Nestling 3 colonies Southern California Bight Exposure Factor Datasets

Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)

Citation:

Comparative ecology of the common garter snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the ribbon snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus) and Butler's garter snake (Thamnophis butleri) in mixed populations

Author(s)
Carpenter, Charles C.
Pages
235-238
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition earthworms (80%); amphibians (5%); mammals, caterpillars and leeches (5%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 178 Washtenaw County Exposure Factor Datasets

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Food of Mus musculus, Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi and Peromyscus leucopus in Vigo County, Indiana

Author(s)
Whitaker, John O., Jr.
Pages
473 - 486
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition lepidopterous larvae (15.4%); misc. vegetation (14.7%); wheat seeds (11.8%); soybeans (10.5%); unidentified seeds (7.2%); corn (5.6%); green vegetation (5.1%); coleoptera (3.6%); Lespedeza seeds (2.3%) % volume of major (>2%) food items in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 444 Vigo County Exposure Factor Datasets

Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum)

Citation:

Interaction between introduced trout and larval salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in high-elevation lakes

Author(s)
Tyler, Torrey, William J. Liss, Lisa M. Ganio, Gary L. Larson, Robert Hoffman, Elisabeth Deimling and Gregg Lomnicky
Pages
94-105
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Benthic macroinvertebrates (75%): Diptera (66.7); Chironomidae (41.7%); Coleoptera (58.3%); Trichoptera (50%); Ephemeroptera (25%); Amphipoda (16.7%); Plecoptera (8.3%); Pelecypoda (8.3%); Crustacean zooplankton (41.7%): Cladocerans (41.7%); Unidentified (41.7%); Imm. Daphnids (25.0%); Daphnia rosea (25%); Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (16.7%); Chydorus spaericus (8.3%); Copepods (16.7%); Cylopoids (16.7%); Calanoids (8.3%); Harpactacoids (8.3%) % larvae stomachs that contained prey item % Not Reported Juvenile 13 North Cascades National Park Service Complex Exposure Factor Datasets

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Bats of America

Author(s)
Barbour, R.W. and W.H. Davis
Pages
285
Publisher
University of Kentucky Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)

Citation:

Autumnal diet of the San Joaquin fenze lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis biseriatus in west-central Nevada

Author(s)
Clark, William H.
Pages
73-75
Year
Issue
1
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition insecta (97%); arachnida (0.8%); plants (0.3%); unidentified (1.6%) % of total food dry weight, based on stomach contents % Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 18 southern Washoe County (elev., 1150-1450m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes)

Citation:

Foraging behavior and foods of the light-footed clapper rail

Author(s)
Zembal, Richard and Jack M. Fancher
Pages
959-962
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition crabs, California horn snails, isopods, crayfish, decapods, beetles prey items in regurgitated pellets, in order of frequency of occurence Not Reported Adult 18 pellets upper Newport Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Rodents of a creosote bush community in southern Nevada

Author(s)
Bradley, W. Glen and Roger A. Mauer
Pages
333-344
Year
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses: Oryzopsis hymenoides (27.7%); Hilaria rigida (6.6%); Bromus rubens (8.5%); Annual forbs: Plantago insularis (12.3%); Phacelia spp. (4.5%); Perrenial shrubs: Ephedra funera (9.8%); Sphaeralcea ambigua (11.3%); Dalea fremontii (7.3%); Vegetative plant parts: Phacelia spp. (3.5%); Misc. (4.5%) % volume in cheek pouches of major (>2%) food items Not Reported Not Reported 27 Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

California Newt (Taricha torosa)

Citation:

Modified interactions between salamander life stages caused by wildfire-induced sedimentation

Author(s)
Kerby, J. Lawrence and Lee B. Kats
Pages
740-745
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition see citation figure of % of stomachs containing prey items over several yrs Not Reported Adult 17-52 Cold Creek and Trancas Creek, Santa Monica Mountains Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
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