Dietary Composition
Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | See citation Table 1 | Frequency of occurrence | M | Adult | 40 | Shiping: 23°42' N 102°28' E | Exposure Factor Datasets | CHINA |
| Dietary Composition | See citation Table 1 | Frequency of occurrence | M | Adult | 47 | Caohai: 27°42' N 100°51' E | Exposure Factor Datasets | CHINA |
| Dietary Composition | See citation Table 1 | Frequency of occurrence | F | Adult | 37 | Shiping: 23°42' N 102°28' E | Exposure Factor Datasets | CHINA |
| Dietary Composition | See citation Table 1 | Frequency of occurrence | F | Adult | 45 | Caohai: 27°42' N 100°51' E | Exposure Factor Datasets | CHINA |
| Dietary Composition | See citation Table 1 | Frequency of occurrence | NR | Juvenile | 24 | Shiping: 23°42' N 102°28' E | Exposure Factor Datasets | CHINA |
| Dietary Composition | See citation Table 1 | Frequency of occurrence | NR | Juvenile | 21 | Caohai: 27°42' N 100°51' E | Exposure Factor Datasets | CHINA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | See citation Table 2 for number of prey | B | Juvenile | 87 | 31.2515°S, 69.4417°W | Exposure Factor Datasets | NR | ARGENTINA |
| Dietary Composition | See citation Table 2 for number of prey | B | Adult | 82 | 31.2515°S, 69.4417°W | Exposure Factor Datasets | NR | ARGENTINA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | See citation Table 1 for percentage of occurrence frequency of 15 prey items | B | Both Adults and Juveniles | 64 | Between 31⁰47'47.23"N, 116°30'04.02"W and between 31°47'55.46"N, 116°29'17.39"W | Exposure Factor Datasets | NR | MEXICO |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Annelida (4.60), Arachnida (18.80), Crustacea (3.80), Insecta 54.80), Mollusca (0.40), Myriapoda (3.80), Anura (11.30), Osteichthyes (2.50) | Precentage of occurrence | B | Both Adults and Juveniles | 181 | 25°18’47"S, 48°58’07"W; 25°17’09"S, 49°00’05"W; 25°14’21"S, 49°02’10"W | Exposure Factor Datasets | 173 adults, 8 young females | BRAZIL |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | See Table 1 in citation | Frequency of occurrence | B | Both Adults and Juveniles | 21 males, 14 females, 159 juveniles | Kyoto | Exposure Factor Datasets | NR | NR | JAPAN |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Frequencies of occurrence: Terrestrial prey (79.41 %) Aquatic prey (26.47 %) Amphibious prey (3.26 %) Arthropod remains (20.59 %), Undetermined remains (11.76 %) | Frequency of occurrence | NR | Juvenile | 34 | 20⁰45'S, 42⁰07'W | Exposure Factor Datasets | NR | NR | BRAZIL |
| Dietary Composition | Frequencies of occurrence: Terrestrial prey (63.64 %) Aquatic prey (39.39 %) Amphibious prey (33.33 %) Arthropod remains (21.21 %), Undetermined remains (9.09 %) | Frequency of occurrence | F | Adult | 33 | 20⁰45'S, 42⁰07'W | Exposure Factor Datasets | NR | NR | BRAZIL |
| Dietary Composition | Frequencies of occurrence: Terrestrial prey (86.96 %) Aquatic prey (28.26 %) Amphibious prey (30.43 %) Arthropod remains (21.74 %), Undetermined remains (15.22 %) | Frequency of occurrence | M | Adult | 46 | 20⁰45'S, 42⁰07'W | Exposure Factor Datasets | NR | NR | BRAZIL |
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Total animal, 37.0: Gastropoda, 4.5; Insecta, 22.6; Crustacea, 7.5. Total plant, 63.0: Seeds, 58.5; vegetation, 4.5; roots and tubers, 3.9. |
Proportion by volume of plant and animal foods in the esophagi of mallards. | % (by volume) | Female | Not Reported | 41 | drift prairie and Missouri Coteau in south-central North Dakota | Exposure Factor Datasets | during breeding season, nonlaying female |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | gastropoda (0.001), crustacea (0.007), insecta (0.003), and plant (0.980) | mean relative proportions (wet mass) of stomach contents | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 22 | St. Lawrence River | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | plant (82.9-98.4%), and invertebrates (1.6-17.1%) | ranges of mean aggregate percent dry mass (stomach contents of ducks from different habitats) | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 123 | Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | total plant seeds (19.3%), total grain (5.7%), acorns (64.5%), total vegetation (0.9%), tubers/rhizomes (5.1%), invertebrates (4.6%) | mean aggregate % dry mass of foods collected in mallard stomachs (one season) | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | 104 | Mingo National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | ANIMAL MATTER: Coleoptera adults (10.8); Coleoptera larvae (1.4); Grasshoppers (5.7); Leaf hoppers (3.4); Lepidoptera adults (4.4); Lepidoptera larvae (1.3); Spiders (2.5); PLANT MATTER: Seeds (40.3); Total forbs (10.4) - Kochia scoparia (6.7); Total grasses and sedges (3.5); Total shrubs (1.1). | estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 92 | Pawnee National Grassland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | ANIMAL MATTER: Coleoptera adults (9.8); Coleoptera larvae (1.1); Grasshoppers (7.7); Leaf hoppers (1.7); Lepidoptera adults (1.3); Lepidoptera larvae (1.0); Spiders (2.4); PLANT MATTER: Seeds (47.8); Total forbs (4.8) - Kochia scoparia (3.1); Total grasses and sedges (4.3); Total shrubs (0.9). | estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 102 | Pawnee National Grassland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | arthropods (53.4 %); fungi (9.5%); seeds (22.1%); berries (7.4%); chlorophyllous plant matter (3.0%); achlorophyllous plant matter (4.7%) | % total volume of stomach contents. | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 180 | uncut and selectively cut forest, Manitouwadge, Ontario [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 85^o50'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Dietary Composition | arthropods (19.7-37.3%); fungi (5.8-17.8%); seeds (14.0-43.0%); berries (9.1-56.8%); chlorophyllous plant matter (1.1 - 3.8%); achlorophyllous plant matter (1.2-1.3%) | % total volume of stomach contents; range over 3 yrs | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 58 - 153/yr | clear cut forest, Manitouwadge, Ontario [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 85^o50'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | vertebrates (21.6 ), invertebrates (12.6 ) | biomass of prey items killed | g/d | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 7 | agricultural lands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt | wintering |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mammals (53%); vegetation (23%); arthropods (9%); reptiles (1%); birds (1%); misc. (3%) | % frequency of occurrence in total food items identified in scats | % | 748 items/223 scats | Cuyamaca Rancho State Park (elev., 1525 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | % occurrence of 44 food items in stomach contents (species level) | Not Reported | Not Reported | 139 | streams, ponds, strip pits in Pulaski, Loanoke and Saline counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | % frequency of 26 food items in stomach contents (family level) | Not Reported | Adult | 24 | Cranberry Lake Biological Station, Barber Point, Cranberry Lake | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Coleoptera (2.3-6.5%), Wasps and bees (1.1-4.7%), Ants (0-3.5%), Homoptera (2.3-6.0%), Odonata (12.4-17.5%), Larval Lepidoptera (0.5-2.1%), Diptera (3.7-10.5%), Arachnids (0-3.2%), Miscellaneous terrestrial(10.5-11.1%), Hemiptera (19.2-23.2), Larval Odonata (3.4-5.0%), Larval Diptera (4.4-7.2%), Miscellaneous aquatic (1.9-7.4%), Frogs (5.1-14.5%), Metamorphosing Odonates (0-5.7%), Miscellaneous (1.8-7.3) | Percentage of bullfrog diet items | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 23-46 | Turkey Marsh, Kellogg Biological Station, Kalamazoo County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | crayfish (24%), wolf spiders (36%), long horned earwigs (20%), sowbugs (25%), german cockroaches (14%), crickets (16%), vascular plants (36%), inorganic material (12%), other animals (10%) | % frequency of occurence in stomach contents | Not Reported | Adult | 100 | lower Colorado River between Laguna and Morelos Dams | Exposure Factor Datasets |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | insects (31.7%), reptiles (26.0%), birds (16.6%), mammals (25.7%) | percent of prey by prey weight | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Sagehen Creek Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Nevada, Sierra | breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | insects (97%), isopod (5%), birds (27%), mammals (25%) | percent occurrence in sample pellets | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | agricultural lands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Tulare |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mammal (43%), insect (51%), other (6%) | percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 71 pellets | agricultural lands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Yolo | breeding |
| Dietary Composition | mammal (39%), insect (60%), other (6%) | percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 95 pellets | agricultural lands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Yolo | breeding |
| Dietary Composition | mammal (24%), insect (74%), other (2%) | percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 104 pellets | agricultural lands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Yolo | breeding |
| Dietary Composition | mammal (82%), insect (16%), other (2%) | percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 116 pellets | agricultural lands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Yolo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | white-footed mice (6.0%), meadow mice (78.9%), shrews (1.3%), pocket gopher (1.0%), uinta ground squirrel (0.3%), sm-med sized birds (5.7%), insects (59.9%) | percent occurrence of prey items in pellets during nesting | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 299 pellets from 8 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | unidentifed crab (11.5%), pugettia (8.9%), cancer species (11.0%), unidentified abalone (0.7%), red abalone (1.0%), black abalone (0%), clam (2.9%), turbon snail (12.0%), kelp and holdfasts (0.2%), unidentifed (37.7%), mussel (2.6%), annelid (1.0%), limpet (0.2%), scallop (0%), octopus (6.2%), red urchin (0%), cucumaria (0.2%), purple uechin (1.0%), pisaster species (1.7%), barnacle (1.2%) | dietary composition for adults | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 608 | Piedras Blancas | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | clams (34-61%), mussels (7-20%), crabs (2-11%), other invertebrates (4-5%), unknown prey (12-33%) | relative occurences of prey items in diet, based on observation (range crosses three locations) | Not Reported | Adult | 752-833 foraging dives/site | Prince William Sound | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | sea urchins (47.8-70.2%), mussels (0.4-3.1%), sea stars (0.5-0.8%), crabs (1.4-5.2%), clams (0.4-1.8%), octopus (0.0-0.9%), anemone (0.0-0.2%), algal holdfasts (0.0-2.6%), fish (0.0-12.3%), fish eggs (0.0-0.9%), chitons (0.2-0.8%), coralline algae (0.0-0.2%), unknown (14.6-26.7%), unsuccessful (3.4-7.1%) | percentage (ranges) of total dives that resulted in capture of different prey items at three locations | Not Reported | Not Reported | 425-584 dives/location | Amchitka and Attu (Aleutian Islands), and Blanco Reef, OR | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | pismo clams (559), unidentified bivalves (1), rock crabs (1), market crabs (1), unidentified crabs (1), unidentied food items (15) | number of prey retreived, based on observations from shore | Not Reported | Not Reported | 578 observed retrievals | Pismo Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Luis Obispo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | vertebrates (fish; 50%), mollusks (37%), echinoderms (11%), annelid worms (1%), tunicates (<1%), crabs/shrimp (<1%) | mean percent of total stomach content volume contributed by dietary items | Not Reported | Not Reported | 309 stomachs | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens, 64 +/- 4%); Redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium, 23 +/- 5%); Common winterfat (Eurotia lanata, 6 +/- 4%) and Vetch (Astragalus and Oxytropis, 4 +/- 2%) | % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 30 fecal pellets | Beaver Dam Wash, Washington County (elev. 1000 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Langloisia setosissima (39.5%); Camissonia munzii (34%); Oryzopsis hymenoides (14.5%); Bromus rubens (11.5%); other (0.5%) | % total fresh volume (weighted annual mean) estimated from observations of feeding animals | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 11 animals | Rock Valley, Nye County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | grasses (3.6-33%); cacti (37.0-86.9%); annuals (5.0-18.6%); perennials other than cacti (0.8-2.7%); seeds (3.3-16.0%); other (0.4-2.6%) | relative frequency of material in fresh scat, range for 2 sampling periods over 2 years | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 189-195 scat samples/yr | Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino |
San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | human derived food items (12.2%), ground squirrel (67.8%), pocket gopher (3.9%), unident. rodent (5.0%), leporid (5.0%), bird (12.2%), insect (23.3%), other (2.2%) | frequency of occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 180 scats | Bakersfield, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Kangaroo rats (80.7%), rabbits (46.2%), squirrels (9.6%), cottontails (5.8%), pocket mouse (1.9%), unident. insects (59.6%), scorpions (17.3%), Jerusalem crickets (13.5%), insect larvae (11.5%), ants (9.6%), grasshoppers (5.8%), beetles (3.8%), spiders (1.9%) | frequency of occurrence in scat analyses | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 52 scat groups | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | insects (1.3%), Hermann's kangaroo rat (19.6%), California vole (31.5%), deer mouse (14.4%), California ground squirrel (24.4%), Audubon's cottontail (12.0%), unident. plant material (0.7%) | relative composition of prey remains in scat | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 25 scats | Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Merced |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | deer mice (10.8%), kangaroo rats (8.4%), pocket gophers (2.9%), pocket mice (20.0%), woodrats (0.6%), ground squirrels (6.4%), birds (7.5%), insects (33.5%), leporids (4.7%), reptiles (2.0%), | percentage occurrence of prey types in feces | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 834 feces | Carrizo Plain Natural Area | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Luis Obispo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Jerusalem crickets (27%), unident. birds (2%), rabbits (3%), California ground squirrel (35%), pocket mice (2%), western harvest mice (17%), Peromyscus sp. (13%) | percent volume of total prey items in scat | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 10 scats | Bethany Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda |
San Joaquin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. biseriatus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | insecta (97%); arachnida (0.8%); plants (0.3%); unidentified (1.6%) | % of total food dry weight, based on stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 18 | southern Washoe County (elev., 1150-1450m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata formerly Clemmys marmorata)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Algae (2.00); Nematomorpha (0.25); Crustacea (2.55); Araneae (0.15); Odonata nymphs (10.15); Ephemeroptera nymphs (4.60); Trichoptera larvae (17.25); Hemiptera nymphs (0.58); Hemiptera adults (0.41); Orthoptera adults (1.60); Coleoptera larvae (7.95); Coleoptera adults (0.48); Diptera larvae (4.45), Diptera adults (0.30); Osteichthyes (0.90); Amphibia (1.20); Other (0.80) | volume (cc) of food items in stomach contents determined by water displacement | cc | Not Reported | Juvenile | 30 | Hayfork Creek (elev., 750m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Trinity |
| Dietary Composition | Algae (18.00); Other vegetation (0.30); Nematomorpha (0.05); Crustacea (10.10); Araneae (0.15); Odonata nymphs (4.05); Ephemeroptera nymphs (0.15); Trichoptera larvae (19.80); Hemiptera nymphs (0.40); Hemiptera adults (0.30); Orthoptera adults (0.55); Coleoptera larvae (5.15); Coleoptera adults (0.30); Diptera larvae (0.66), Diptera adults (0.10); Osteichthyes (0.20); Amphibia (4.05); Other (1.35) | volume (cc) of food items in stomach contents determined by water displacement | cc | Female | Adult | 27 | Hayfork Creek (elev., 750m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Trinity |
| Dietary Composition | Algae (4.00); Other vegetation (0.50); Crustacea (5.55); Odonata nymphs (5.00); Ephemeroptera nymphs (2.91); Trichoptera larvae (7.40); Hemiptera nymphs (0.10); Hemiptera adults (0.10); Orthoptera adults (0.20); Coleoptera larvae (0.75); Coleoptera adults (0.10); Diptera larvae (9.15); Osteichthyes (10.90); Amphibia (7.80); Other (0.50) | volume (cc) of food items in stomach contents determined by water displacement | cc | Male | Adult | 20 | Hayfork Creek (elev., 750m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Trinity |
Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Arachnids (2.4-22.4%); Orthopterans (0-16.7%); Isopterans (0-17.5%); Coleopterans (8.2-45.7%); Hemipterans (0-47.9%); Homopterans (0-34.8%); Neuropterans (0-1.3%); Lepidopterans (2.8-34.0%); Dipterans (0-9.3%); Hymenopterans (4.3-72.8%) | range of monthly percentages of total volume of food in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 7-24 lizards/mo | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Coleoptera adult (0.21); Orthoptera adult (0.13); Diptera adult (0.07); Lepidoptera larvae (0.20); Hymenoptera (0.05); Arachnida (0.15); Acarina (0.05); Diplopoda (0.37); Isopoda (0.05); Gastropoda (0.50); Amphibian (0.75); Reptilia (5.20); Mammalia (5.50); Rocks (0.05); Vegetable matter (0.05) | mean volume of gut contents | cc | Not Reported | Adult | 12 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Del Norte, Humboldt, Marin |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Ascaphus truei larvae (14.0%); Gastropoda (2.0%); Nematomorpha (2.0%); Arachnoidea (8.0%); Plecoptera (46.0%); Tricoptera larvae (52.0%); Tricoptera adults (6.0%); Coleoptera larvae (30.0%); Coleoptera adults (28.0%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (28.0%); Emphemeroptera adults (2.0%); Diptera larvae (20.0%); Diptera adults (10.0%); Lepidoptera larvae (4.0%); Orthoptera (2.0%); Misc. (46.0%) | % of stomach contents containing item | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 50 | Palouse River, Latah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Ambystoma gracile (39.2%); Trichoptera larvae (19.6%); Trichoptera adults (1.9%); Coleoptera larvae (37.2%); Coleoptera adults (21.6%); Odonata larvae (70.5%); Odonata adults (1.9%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (1.9%); Gammarid amphipoda (3.9%); Hemiptera adults (5.9%); Arachnoidea (3.9%); Chironomidae (19.6%); Oniscoid isopoda (1.9%); Misc. (25.5%); Empty (3.9%) | % frequency of ocurrence in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 51 | Fern Lake, Arcata | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Ascaphus truei larvae (7%); Gastropoda (1%); Nematomorpha (1%); Arachnoidea (4%); Plecoptera nymphs (23%); Tricoptera larvae (26%); Tricoptera adults (3%); Coleoptera larvae (15%); Coleoptera adults (14%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (14%); Diptera larvae (10%) Diptera adults (5%); Lepidoptera (2%); Orthoptera (1%); Misc. (23%) | % of stomachs containing the item | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 50 | Palouse River, Latah County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Acridid, adult Coleoptera, Tettigoniid, larval Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Other, Hemipteran, spider | percent of arthropod taxa in the diet, listed in order of decreasing frequency | Not Reported | Adult | 95 birds | Arapaho Prairie | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mourning dove | item found in stomach analysis | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1 bird | New Mexico State Hwy 26 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Sturnella sp., Colaptes, sparrows, Lepus californicus, Sigmodon hispidus, Sylvilagus sp., Felis domesticus | species observed to be scavenged by meadowlarks | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | grain (30.8), weed seed (5.3), miscell. vegetable (0.6), Coleoptera (21.3), Orthoptera (20.3), Lepidoptera (12.2), Hemiptera (1.7), Hymenoptera (5.6), Diptera (0.1), Arachnida (0.2), miscell. insects (1.9) | percent contribution to the diet by volume, based on stomach content analyses | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | ~2,000 stomachs | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Northwestern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Thysanura (0.5%); Collembola (1.0%); Dermaptera (0.5%); Orthoptera (37.1%); Isoptera (6.2%); Ephemeroptera (0.5%); Plecoptera (2.9%); Homoptera (5.7%); Hemiptera (27.6%); Coleoptera (42.4%); Diptera (47.1%); Lepidoptera (18.1%); Hymenoptera (20.9%); Isopoda (2.4%); Chilopoda (0.5%); Araneida (19.0%); Acarina (1.0%); S. occidentalis (1.4%) | percent of lizards in which prey type occurred in stomach contents | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 210 | oak-grassland and creosote bush-rocky moutain terrain | Exposure Factor Datasets | Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Napa, San Mateo, Shasta, Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity |
Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Aranea (8%); Coleoptera (12%); Lepidoptera (80%) | estimated percent of total volume of stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 3 | Blodgett Research Forest (elev., 1250-1310m), Challenge (elev., 760-910m) and McCloud Flat, Shasta-Trinity Forest (elev., 1160m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | El Dorado, Siskiyou, Yuba |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Formicidae (34.8-34.1%); Coleoptera (18.1-26.4%); Isoptera (19.8-17.2%); Hemiptera-Homoptera (5.0-8.1%); Non-formicid Hymenoptera (5.6-6.5%); Diptera (0.5-1.4%); Orthoptera (1.7-2.6%); Odonata (0.0-0.3%); Dermaptera (0.0-1.3%); Insect larvae (2.8-4.8%); Isopoda (0.0-1.4%); Arancae (1.6-2.8%); Land snails (0.0-0.5%); Sceloporus hatchlings (0.0-0.1%) and Unknown (1.4-2.0%) | percentage of total individuals of various prey taxa in stomach contents. | % | Not Reported | Adult | 45-47 animals/site | Blackbird Valley and Foss Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Napa, Santa Clara |
Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Hyla (55.5%); Catostomus (21.8%); Microtus (5.4%); Rhinichthys (11.5%) | % of total volume of stomach contents | % | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | <110 | Kyburz Flat | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sierra |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | amphibians (41); earthworms (24); birds (1); leeches (1); misc. invertebrates (4); unidentified (13); empty (100) | number of stomach examinations yielding various food types | # | Not Reported | Not Reported | 179 | Vancouver Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | insects 43.06; fruits 27.56; mammals 16.25; grains 8.69; Carrion 1.76; Birds 1.46; reptiles, amphibians 1.14. | frequency %; stomach and fecal analysis | % | 570 fecal analyses; 50 stomach analyses | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | insects; % by volume; scat analysis | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 952 scats | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Townsend ground squirrel (8.7%); Mountain conttontail (7.8%); Deer mouse (47.5%); Ord kangaroo rat (4.9%); Great Basin pocket mouse (5.8%); Montane vole (9.7%); House mouse (7.8%); Other species (7.8%) | % frequency of prey ingested based on stomach content and scat analysis | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 103 items/405 captures | Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | Townsend ground squirrel (27.7%); Mountain conttontail (31.6%); Deer mouse (19.0%); Ord kangaroo rat (5.4%); Great Basin pocket mouse (1.8%); Montane vole (6.1%); House mouse (2.8%); Other species (5.5%) | % biomass of prey ingested based on stomach content and scat analysis | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 103 items/405 captures | Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Ground squirrel (44.3%); Woodrat (29.5%); Cottontail (19.7%); Quail egg (8.4%); Pocket gopher (6.4%); Mouse (4.4%); Meadow mouse (3.4%); Fence lizard (1.5%); Kangaroo rat (1.3%); Pocket mouse (0.6%); Broad-shouldered lizard (0.4%) | % of total food items recovered from stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 72 food items | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Townsend ground squirrel (10.6%); Mountain conttontail (11.6%); Deer mouse (43.3%); Ord kangaroo rat (5.8%); Great Basin pocket mouse (5.8%); Montane vole (9.6%); House mouse (6.7%); Other species (6.7%) | % frequency of prey based on stomach contents and scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 104 prey items/455 snakes | Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | Townsend ground squirrel (30.3%); Mountain conttontail (34.4%); Deer mouse (15.8%); Ord kangaroo rat (5.9%); Great Basin pocket mouse (1.7%); Montane vole (5.6%); House mouse (2.2%); Other species (4.1%) | % biomass of prey based on stomach contents and scat analysis | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 104 prey items/455 snakes | Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID | Exposure Factor Datasets |
San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | figure of monthly % food types in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Los Banos (elev., 200-500') and Mendota (elev., 400-500') | Exposure Factor Datasets | Fresno, Merced |
Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | seed (77%); vegetation (18%); arthropod (4.5%); feces (0.5%) | % of total dry matter of stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 4-9 per mo/15 mo | Kelso Sand Dunes (elev., 830-840 m) [lat., 34^o53'30"N, long., 115^o40'20"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Bernardino |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | wolf spider (1), centipede (2), tarantula (3), grasshopper (1), walking stick (2) | numbers of prey items in stomach contents | Not Reported | Adult | 1 owl | 13 mi NE Fort Davis, Jeff Davis County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mammals (47.0%), birds (5.2%), reptiles (15.7%), arachnids (8.7%), centipedes (7.0%), insects (16.5%) | percent of total numbers of prey items in diet, based on pellet analysis | Both Male and Female | Adult | 2 owls (49 pellets) | El Comitan, Baja California Sur | Exposure Factor Datasets | nesting | MEXICO |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Sylvilagus spp. (1.0%), unident. lagomorphs (0.2%), Peromyscus maniculatus (42.%), Microtus monatus (23.7%), unident. rodents (2.9%), Myotis spp. (1.9%), unident. mammal (1.5%), Podiceps nigricollis (1.0%), unident. rail (0.2%), Larus californicus (1.7%), unident. owl (0.4%), unident. blackbird (0.4%), unident. large bird (4.6%), unident. medium bird (1.2%), unident. small bird (6.9%), unident. vertebrate (1.0%), insects (8.3%), scorpions (0.4%) | percent occurence of prey items in pellets | Not Reported | Not Reported | 219 pellets, 518 remains | Paoha Island, Mono Lake | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mono |
| Dietary Composition | Lepus californicus (0.2%), Sylvilagus spp. (6.0%), unident. lagomorphs (1.7%), Peromyscus maniculatus (69.2%), Microtus monatus (0.7%), Dipodomys spp. (0.6%), unident. rodents (0.4%), Myotis spp. (1.1%), unident. chiropteran (0.2%), unident. mammal (3.9%), Larus californicus (1.3%), unident. large bird (7.1%), unident. medium bird (1.1%), unident. small bird (0.9%), unident. vertebrate (4.3%), insects (1.5%) | percent occurence of prey items in pellets | Not Reported | Not Reported | 188 pellets, 536 remains | Negit Island, Mono Lake | Exposure Factor Datasets | Mono |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Microtus (66.7%), Peromyscus (27.6%), Dipodomys (1.1%), Sylvilagus (0.3%), Euphagus cyanocephalus (0.3%), Sorex (0.2%), Tadarida brasiliensis (0.2%), Mustela frenata (0.2%), unident. bird (1.4%), unident. small mammal (0.7%), insect (1.3%) | percent occurence of prey items in pellets | Not Reported | Not Reported | 107 pellets | Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Siskiyou |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Sylvilagus nuttallii (12.4%), Spermophilus washingtoni (0.4%), Thomomys talpoides (29.7%), Perognathus parvus (12.5%), Dipodomys ordii (1.4%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.3%), Peromyscus maniculatus (6.2%), Neotoma cinerea (2.1%), Microtus montanus (7.7%), Mus musculus (0.2%), unident. microtinae (4.5%), Mustela frenata (0.4%), Anas platyrynchos (2.6%), Phasianus colchicus (2.5%), Fulica americana (1.5%), Charadrius vociferus (0.2%), Tyto alba (10.7%), Sternella neglecta (0.2%), unident. Fringillidae (0.2%), unident. Passeriformes (1.2%), unident. snake (1.4%), Cyprinus carpio (1.3%), Stenopelmatus spp (0.2%) | percent of total prey biomass | Not Reported | Not Reported | 234 pellets | Esquatzel Coulee, Franklin County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | unident. snake (0.3%), Sylvilagus nuttallii (19.2%), Lepus californicus (14.3%), unident. leporid (16.1%), Spermophilus townsendii (0.6%), Thomomys townsendii (14.6%), Perognathus parvus (0.4%), Dipodomys ordii (11.1%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.2%), Peromyscus spp (2.3%), Neotoma cinerea (4.6%), Neotoma lepida (2.0%), unident. woodrat (0.3%), Microtus montanus (4.7%), Mus musculus (0.7%), Mustela frenata (0.1%), Falco sparverius (0.1%), Phasianus colchicus (1.9%), Callipepla californicus (0.1%), unident. galliform (0.4%), Fulica americana (0.4%), Columba livia (0.9%), Tyto alba (0.3%), Sturnus vulgaris (0.2%), unident. passerine (0.6%), unident. bid (3.4%) | occurence in diet as percent of total prey biomass, based on pellet analysis | Not Reported | Not Reported | 14 nesting areas, 1472 prey items | Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (42 deg, 50'N, 115 deg, 50'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | white-footed mice (58.2%), meadow mice (28.0%), other small mammals (2.8%), medium sized mammals (5.1%), gamebirds and sm-med sized birds (4.8%), other birds (1.2%) | percent occurrence of prey items in pellets | Not Reported | Not Reported | 297 pellets from 14 owls | Superior township | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Dietary Composition | white-footed mice (3.6%), meadow mice (64.5%), shrews (0.3%), weasels (0.6%), red squirrel (0.3%), pocket gopher (23.5%), snowshoe rabbit (2.8%), ruffed grouse (1.4%) sage grouse (0.3%), mallard (0.6%), sm-med sized birds (1.4%), sucker (0.8%) | percent occurrence of prey items in diet during nesting | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 361 food items, 4 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Microtus (52%); Peromyscus (19.5%); Eutamias (18.2%); Cynomys (2.6%); Thomomys (3.9%); Citellus (2.6%); Ochotona (1.3%); Vespula (6.5%); Tettigoniidae (2.6%) | % occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 77 scats | Gunnison County (elev., >7500 ft) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Meadow mouse (42.37%); Harvest mouse (24.57%); Deer mouse (11.86%); Mearns cottontail (7.6%); Short-tailed shrew (5.92%); House mouse (2.54%); Tree sparrow (1.69%); Grasshopper (0.84%); Unidentified (2.54%) | % frequency in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 97 scats | Ames | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | Meadow mouse (43.7%); Harvest mouse (14.5%); Deer mouse (6.3%); Mearns cottontail (10.4%); Short-tailed shrew (4.2%); Shaw pocket gopher (2.1%); Least weasel (18.8%) | % frequency in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 38 scats | Ames | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes), California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus), Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Mollusca (4), Arachnida (19), Isopoda (4), Orthoptera (15), Hemiptera (56), Coleoptera (7), Lepidoptera adult (20), Lepidoptera larvae (10), Diptera adult (188), Hymenoptera adult (9), Hymenoptera larvae (1) | numbers of food items delivered to nestlings fitted with neck ligatures | Not Reported | Nestling | 333 food items collected | Badenoch Swamp, 14 km SE of Guelph (69 deg, 32'N, 80 deg, 13' W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | earthworms (80%); amphibians (5%); mammals, caterpillars and leeches (5%) | % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 178 | Washtenaw County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | animal food (67.71%), vegetable food (32.26%) | percent composition of stomach contents | Not Reported | Not Reported | 183 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA | |
| Dietary Composition | predacious ground beetles (3.89%), other beetles (2.66%), ants (53.82%), Hemiptera (1.84%), caterpillars (2.12%), Orthoptera (1.45%), other insects and spiders (1.96%), grain (2.26%), seeds (19.59%), fruit (10.28%) | percent composition of stomach contents | Not Reported | Not Reported | 183 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | list of mean % of 25 items in monthly diets, based on stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 12-40/mo | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets | Madera |
Coyote (Canis latrans)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mammals (64%); birds (1%); insects (10%); fruits (20%); misc. (5%) | annual diet determined by averaging monthly food type percent occurrence, obtained from scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 570-3610 scats/sample | Welder Wildlife Refuge, Corpus Christi | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | microtines (70.2%); rabbits (8.1%); domestic livestock (4.3%); passerines (2%); other mammals (4.7%); plants (10.3%); misc. (0.3%) | % scat volume | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 862 | Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | rodents (27.7%); rabbits (2.9%); carnivores (1.1%); ungulates (28.5%); birds (2.4%); reptiles (1.2%); fish (0.3%); invertebrates (1.9%); vegetable matter (34.0%) | annual average % relative frequency of occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1042 scats | Red Bluff | Exposure Factor Datasets | Tehama |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | grasses (81.6%); persimmon (3.7%); unidentified seeds (5.2%); other plant material (44.9%); grasshoppers (11.8%); beetles (12.5%); chicken (2.2%); other birds (3.7%); cottontail (13.9%); pocket gopher (5.9%); cotton rat (14.7%); wood rat (2.2%); pine vole (2.2%); coyote (28.7%); cattle (33.8%) | % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 136 | Cleveland, Grady and McClain Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | leporids (66.5%); rodents (21.5%); livestock (17.8%); coyote (2.1%); birds (17.8%); reptiles (5.4%); insects (18.6%); fruit (4.5%); other (2.1%); refuse (5.8%) | % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents estimated over 6 yrs | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 242 | Naval Petroleum Reserves, Bakersfield (elev., 88-473m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | figure of seasonal changes in diet based on scat analysis; mean % volume of food items | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 3270 scats | Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310 - 1740 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
