Dietary Composition

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California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Effects of the 1982-1983 El Nino on several population parameters and diet of California sea lions on the Califonia channel islands

Author(s)
DeLong, R. L., G.A. Antonelis, C.W. Oliver, B.S. Stewart, M.S. Lowry and P.K. Yochem
Pages
166-172
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation figure of % occurrence of prey items in scats % Female Adult 73 - 283 San Miguel and San Clemente Islands Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Spring and summer prey of California sea lions, Zalophus californianus, at San Miguel Island, California 1978-79

Author(s)
Antonelis, George A., Clifford H. Fiscus and Robert L. DeLong
Pages
67-76
Year
Issue
1
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Pacific whiting (48.7%); market squid (46.7%); juvenile rockfish (35.9%); northern anchovy (20.0%); red octopus (9.7%); jack mackerel (4.6%); nail squid (4.6%); squid (4.1%);chub mackerel (3.6%); Pacific pompano (2.5%); California lantern fish (2.5%) % occurrence of major prey (>1%) in scats % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 224 scats San Miguel Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, at San Clemente Island, California, 1981-86

Author(s)
Lowry, Mark S., Charles W. Oliver, Carolyn Macky and Jeannie B. Wexler
Pages
509-521
Year
Volume
88
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (51.3%); jack mackerel (24.6%); pelagic crab (21.2%); Pacific whiting (19.6%); rockfish (19.0%); market squid (16.3%); blacksmith (10.7%); Pacific mackerel (9.5%); octopus (5.1%); squid (2.2%); senorita (1.1%); lanternfish (1.3%) % of scats in which major (>1%) prey occurred % Not Reported Not Reported 1309 scats San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (24.7%); jack mackerel (11.8%); pelagic red crab (10.2%); Pacific whiting (9.4%); rockfish (9.2%); market squid (7.9%); blacksmith (5.1%); Pacific mackerel (4.6%); octopus (2.5%); squid (1.1%) % occurrence of major (>1%) prey taxon from a tally of occurrences of all prey taxa in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 1309 scats San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Some observations on coyote food habits in Pennsylvania

Author(s)
Witmer, G.W., M.J. Pipas and A. Hayden
Pages
77-80
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition white-tailed deer (56.1%); mouse/vole (14.8%): cottontail rabbit (9.4%); woodchuck (10.6%); squirrel (5.2%); raccoon (5.2%); porcupine (2.9%); unidentified mammal hair (18.4%); feathers (10.3%); insects (18.1%); grass/sedge (35.5%); leaf fragments (15.2%); twigs/bark (6.4%); seeds/fruit (15.8%); other plants (2.9%); manmade materials (2.3%) % frequence of occurrence of major (>2%) food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 310 scats northcentral, southcentral and northeast regions Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diets of three predators at Concord Naval Weapons Station, Contra Costa County, California

Author(s)
Kuenzi, Amy J., Marylisa Lynch, Dirk Van Vuren, Ivette Loredo and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
64-67
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (57%); Microtus californicus (19%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (29%); Thomomys bottae (19%); Birds (5%); Insects (10%); Seeds and berries (10%); Herbaceous vegetation (14%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 21 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (43%); Microtus californicus (61%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (30%); Lepus californicus (43%); Thomomys bottae (9%); Insects (13%); Seeds and berries (4%); Herbaceous vegetation (35%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (9%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 23 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (67%); Microtus californicus (45%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (12%); Thomomys bottae (2%); Birds (5%); Seeds and berries (19%); Herbaceous vegetation (43%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (24%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 42 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (43%); Microtus californicus (30%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (43%); Lepus californicus (17%); Thomomys bottae (4%); Insects (13%); Seeds and berries (13%); Herbaceous vegetation (17%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (13%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 23 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Coyote foods in southwestern Colorado

Author(s)
MacCracken, James G.
Pages
317-318
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Mammals: Sylvilagus sp. (50.6 - 73.1%); Lepus sp. (0 - 5.0%); Neotoma (0 - 5.5%); Microtus (0-11.1%); Cricetid mice (1.2-8.9%); Bos taurus (1.9 - 7.9%); Odocoileus hemionus (3.6 - 15.5%) range of % relative dry weight of major food items (>5%) measured at 3 sites, based on scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 42 - 48/ site Montezuma, La Plata and Saguache Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote diets associated with seasonal mule deer activities in California

Author(s)
Smith, James R.
Pages
78-82
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition mule deer (3%); small mammals (18%); birds (2%); reptiles (2%); insects (2%); fruits (82%); other (1%) % frequency of food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 199 Sierra National Forest (elev. 300 -3900 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Diets of coyotes near the boundary of Saguaro National Monument and Tucson, Arizona

Author(s)
McClure, Mark F., Norman S. Smith and William W. Shaw
Pages
101-125
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mesquite pods (29%); prickly pear fruit (16%); other plants(24%); rodent (28%); lagomorph (22%); mule deer (3%); other mammals (3%); dog food or human-related (35%); misc. (14%) annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 667 scats suburban area near Saguaro National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mesquite pods (39%); prickly pear fruit (21%); other plants(35%); rodent (27%); lagomorph (20%); mule deer (9%); other mammals (4%); dog food or human-related (trace); misc. (16%) annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 449 scats rural area near Saguaro National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer food habits of coyotes in central Wyoming

Author(s)
Springer, Joseph Tucker and J. Steven Smith
Pages
449-456
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition pronghorn antelope (55%); mule deer (5%), other native ungulate (3%); sciurids (21%); microtines (13%); cricetines (3%); unidentified cricetines (7%); western jumping mouse (1%); plant material (42%); coyote (22%); arthropods (18%) % frequency in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 404 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relationships among coyote food habits, prey populations, and habitat use

Author(s)
Reichel, James D.
Pages
133-137
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition voles (79.4%); deer mice (4.7%); other rodents (7.9%); deer (9.8%); pronghorn (1.6%); other ungulates (5.4%); lagomorphs (1.6%); other mammals (1.9%); birds and eggs (6.6%); seeds and fruit (1.0%); insects (2.2%); unknown (3.8%) % frequency of occurrence of items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 315 National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition voles (88.8%); deer mice (2.8%); other rodents (10.0%); deer (6.2%); other ungulates (11.0%); other mammals (0.8%); birds and eggs (7.6%); seeds and fruit (0.4%); insects (0.8%); unknown (4.8%) % frequency of occurrence of items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 250 National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition voles (74.9%); deer mice (0.5%); other rodents (11.8%); deer (18.3%); pronghorn (10.9%); other ungulates (10.0%); lagomorphs (2.4%); other mammals (0.4%); birds and eggs (12.4%); reptiles and amphibians (4.3%); seeds and fruit (0.5%); insects (7.1%); unknown (1.9%) % frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 211 National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote foods in a coniferous forest in Oregon

Author(s)
Toweill, Dale E. and Robert G. Anthony
Pages
507-512
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition rodents (36%); ungulates (26%); lagomorphs (23%); insectivores (2%); other mammals (1%); unidentified mammals (13%); birds (8%); reptiles (2%); insects (3%); fruit (38%); grass (13%); human refuse (1%) annual % frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 844 Willamette National Forest, Lane County (elev., 500-1500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Variation in coyote diets associated with season and successional changes in vegetation

Author(s)
Andelt, William F., John G. Kie, Frederick F. Knowlton and Kean Cardwell
Pages
273-277
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (64%); birds (1%); insects (10%); fruits (20%); misc. (5%) annual diet determined by averaging monthly food type percent occurrence, obtained from scats % Not Reported Not Reported 570-3610 scats/sample Welder Wildlife Refuge, Corpus Christi Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits and average weights of a fall-winter sample of eastern coyotes, Canis latrans

Author(s)
Moore, Gary C. and John S. Millar
Pages
105-106
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition snowshoe hare (31.7%); white-tailed deer (24.5%); plants (20.4%); small mammals (14.3%); non-edibles (13.2%); large birds (6.0%); porcupine (4.9%); Canis spp. (2.6%); carrion (1.9%); small birds (1.9%); apple (1.9%); human garbage (1.5%); moose (1.5%); feces (1.1); sheep (1.1%); cattle (0.8%) % frequency of occurrence of items identified from stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 265 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Coyote diets, five years later, at Cuyamaca Rancho State Park

Author(s)
Weintraub, Joel D.
Pages
152-157
Year
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Scapanus latimanus (3%); Spermophilus beechyi (24%); Thomomys bottae (64%); Reithrodontomys megalotis (4%); Peromyscus sp. (19%); Neotoma spp. (4%); Microtus californicus (32%); Odocoileus hemionus (41%); birds (6%); reptiles (12%); arthropods (47%); vegetation (33%) % occurrence of major food items (>1%) in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 223 scats East Mesa, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park (elev., 1525 m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Diego

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Food preferences of mallards on the Chippewa National Forest, Minnesota

Author(s)
Stoudt, Jerome H.
Pages
100-112
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Zizania aquatica, 35.5%; Potmogeton strictifolius, 22.8%; Sparganium chlorocarpum, 11.1%; Scirpus validus, 4.0%; Potamogeton natans, 3.4%; Potamogeton richardsonii, 2.3%; Naias flexilis, 2.0%; Ceratophyllum demensum, 1.5%; Potamogeton spectinatus, 1.5%; Carex spp., 1.4%; Potamogeton zosteriformis, 1.3%; Carex pseudo-cyperus, 1.0%; Scirpus acutus, 1.0% % (by volume) Not Reported Not Reported 306 Chippewa National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Feeding ecology of mallards wintering in Nebraska

Author(s)
Jorde, Dennis G., Gary L. Krapu and Richard D. Crawford
Pages
1044-1053
Year
Issue
4
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition corn (51.7%), milo (2.6%), other plant (16.5%), mollusca (snails, clams; 2.9%), insecta (0.3%) food item occurrence in esophageal contents, expressed as aggregate percent dry weight Not Reported Not Reported 68 birds along Platte River, between Lexington and Gibbon, Nebraska Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food availability and preference of juvenile mallards

Author(s)
Chura, Nicholas J.
Pages
121-134
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Dietary Composition flora (25.3%), fauna (74.7%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 13-18 d
Dietary Composition flora (50.6%), fauna (49.4%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 19-25 d
Dietary Composition flora (71%), fauna (29%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 26-35 d
Dietary Composition flora (89.4%), fauna (10.6%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 36-45 d
Dietary Composition flora (99.1%), fauna (0.92%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 46-55 d
Citation:

Foods consumed by breeding mallards on wetlands of south-central North Dakota

Author(s)
Swanson, George A., Mavis I. Meyer, and Vyto A. Adomaitis
Pages
197-203
Year
Issue
1
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Dietary Composition Total animal, 37.6: Gastropoda, 6.3; Insecta, 16.8; Crustacea, 11.3.
Total plant, 62.4: Seeds, 56.4; vegetation, 6.0; roots and tubers, 4.1. 		Proportion by volume of plant and animal foods in the esophagi of mallards. % (by volume) Male Not Reported 39 drift prairie and missouri Coteau of south-central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets during breeding season
Dietary Composition Total animal, 37.0: Gastropoda, 4.5; Insecta, 22.6; Crustacea, 7.5.
Total plant, 63.0: Seeds, 58.5; vegetation, 4.5; roots and tubers, 3.9. 		Proportion by volume of plant and animal foods in the esophagi of mallards. % (by volume) Female Not Reported 41 drift prairie and Missouri Coteau in south-central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets during breeding season, nonlaying female
Dietary Composition Total animal, 71.9: Gastropoda, 16.4; Insecta, 27.1; Crustacea, 12.9, Oligochaeta, 11.8.
Total plant, 28.1; seeds, 24.8; vegetation 3.3; roots and tubers, 2.8. 		Proportion by volume of plant and animal foods in the esophagi of mallards. % (by volume) Female Not Reported 37 drift praire and Missouri Coteau in south-central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets during breeding season, laying female

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Microhabitat segregation in two desert rodent species: the relation of prey availability to diet

Author(s)
Harris, John H.
Pages
417-421
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition ARTHROPODS (72-90% total) - Lepidoptera larvae (5-11); Coleoptera (7-8); June Beetles (0-3); Jerusalum crickets (0-19); Ants (0); Orthoptera (1); Spiders (1-2); Lygaeid bugs (56-83); Scorpions (0); Solfugids (0-1); Diptera (0-1); GREEN VEGETATION (0-3% total);SEEDS (10-25% total). % weight of prey in fecal pellets; range of mean values over 2 yrs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 20-24 Mono Lake (elev., 2000m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Food habits of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in northern Ontario

Author(s)
Martell, Arthur M. and A.L. MacAuley
Pages
319-324
Year
Issue
3
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition arthropods (62.3 %); seeds (21.7 %); chlorophyllous plant matter (10.1%); achlorophyllous plant matter (6.3%) % total volume of stomach contents. % Not Reported Not Reported 12 uncut and selectively cut forest, Manitouwadge, Ontario [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 85^o50'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition arthropods (53.9-87.0 %); seeds (0-40.0%); berries (0-1.2%); chlorophyllous plant matter (0-14.2%); achlorophyllous plant matter (2.1-14%) % total volume of stomach contents; range for 3 yrs % Not Reported Not Reported 7-35/yr clear cut forest, Manitouwadge, Ontario [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 85^o50'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition arthropods (63.2-100%); seeds (0-21.3%); berries (0-2.8%); chlorophyllous plant matter (0-1.0%); achlorophyllous plant matter (0-0.1%); fungi (0-12.0%) % total volume of stomach contents;Range for 2 yrs % Not Reported Not Reported 8-38/yr burned forest, Manitouwadge, Ontario [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 85^o50'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition arthropods (53.4 %); fungi (9.5%); seeds (22.1%); berries (7.4%); chlorophyllous plant matter (3.0%); achlorophyllous plant matter (4.7%) % total volume of stomach contents. % Not Reported Not Reported 180 uncut and selectively cut forest, Manitouwadge, Ontario [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 85^o50'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Seasonal diets of deer mice on bentonite mine spoils and sagebrush grasslands in southeasten Montana

Author(s)
Sieg, Carolyn Hull, Daniel W. Uresk and Richard M. Hansen
Pages
81-89
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition arthropods (52.1-75.0%), seeds (34.5-9.1%), grasses (2.1-0.7%), forbs (4.1-11.0%), shrubs (2.6-2.0%), algae (1.4-0.9%), fungi (2.9-1.6%) relative amounts of food types in diet for two consecutive years Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 192 southeastern Carter county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Resource allocation in some sympatric subalpine rodents

Author(s)
Vaughan, Terry A.
Pages
764-795
Year
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition seeds (57.2-60.3 %), arthropods (13.0-21.8 %), cutworms (9.4-13.2%), flowers (1.1-4.5 %), leaves (1.9-8.2 %), fruit (1.0%), fungus (5.4%) dietary composition based on stomach content analysis over two years Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 81-159 Rabbit Ears Pass, subalpine meadows (3020 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of Microtus ochrogaster and Peromyscus maniculatus in sympatry

Author(s)
Cook, John C., Milton S. Topping and Tom A. Stombaugh
Pages
17-23
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Arthropod (8.2), Taraxacum officinale (7.7), Lamium amplexicaule (6.5), Capsella bursa-pastoris (4.6), Phleum pratense (3.3), Dactylis glomerata (2.4), Festuca arundinacea (2.0), Trifolium stoloniferum (1.9), Animal material (1.9), Bromus tectorum (1.8), Tridens flavus (1.7), Setaria faberi (1.6), Miscellaneous (1.1), Setaria viridis (0.4). mean # food items in stomach contents # Both Male and Female Not Reported 63 Southwest Missouri State University Agricultural Station Exposure Factor Datasets

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Food selection and some foraging tactics of sea otters

Author(s)
Estes, J.A., R.J. Jameson and A.M. Johnson
Pages
606-641
Publisher
Worldwide Furbearer Conference, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition unidentifed crab (11.5%), pugettia (8.9%), cancer species (11.0%), unidentified abalone (0.7%), red abalone (1.0%), black abalone (0%), clam (2.9%), turbon snail (12.0%), kelp and holdfasts (0.2%), unidentifed (37.7%), mussel (2.6%), annelid (1.0%), limpet (0.2%), scallop (0%), octopus (6.2%), red urchin (0%), cucumaria (0.2%), purple uechin (1.0%), pisaster species (1.7%), barnacle (1.2%) dietary composition for adults % Both Male and Female Adult 608 Piedras Blancas Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition unidentifed crab (15.0%), pugettia (4.5%), cancer species (6.8%), unidentified abalone (0%), red abalone (0%), black abalone (0%), clam (0.8%), turbon snail (19.6%), kelp and holdfasts (0%), unidentifed (42.9%), mussel (0.8%), annelid (0%), limpet (0%), scallop (0%), octopus (0.8%), red urchin (6.0%), cucumaria (0%), purple urchin (2.3%), pisaster species (0.8%), barnacle (0%) dietary composition for juveniles % Both Male and Female Juvenile 156 Piedras Blancas Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Author(s)
Kenyon, Karl W.
Pages
1-352
Year
Issue
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition vertebrates (fish; 50%), mollusks (37%), echinoderms (11%), annelid worms (1%), tunicates (<1%), crabs/shrimp (<1%) mean percent of total stomach content volume contributed by dietary items Not Reported Not Reported 309 stomachs Amchitka Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Citation:

Prey selection and food habits of burrowing owls in Colorado

Author(s)
Plumpton, David L. and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
299-304
Year
Issue
3
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition rodents (33.4%), invertebrates (55.6%), other (10.7%) percent occurrence of prey items in pellets Both Male and Female Adult 47 burrows Rocky Mountain Arsenal Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Foods of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, in Arizona and Utah

Author(s)
Hansen, Richard M., Mark K. Johnson and Thomas R. Van Devender
Pages
247-251
Year
Issue
3
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Threeawn (Aristida spp., 22 +/- 6%); Globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp., 21 +/- 6%); Slim tridens (Tridens muticus, 20 +/- 7%); Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens, 19 +/- 3%); Red grama (Bouteloua trifida, 6 +/- 3%) and Sedge (Carex spp., 3 +/- 1%) % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported 66 fecal pellets Lower Grand Canyon, Mohave County (elev. 450 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Threeawn (Aristida spp., 16 +/- 5%); Globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp., 6 +/- 3%); Slim tridens (Tridens muticus, 50 +/- 8%); Bush muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri, 17 +/- 7%); and Slender janusia (Janusia gracilis, 11 +/- 5%) % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported 18 fecal pellets New Water Mountains, Yuma County (elev. 490 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens, 64 +/- 4%); Redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium, 23 +/- 5%); Common winterfat (Eurotia lanata, 6 +/- 4%) and Vetch (Astragalus and Oxytropis, 4 +/- 2%) % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported 30 fecal pellets Beaver Dam Wash, Washington County (elev. 1000 m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Citation:

Small mammals and other prey in the diet of the Pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus)

Author(s)
Bury, R. Bruce
Pages
524-526
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Coleoptera adult (0.21); Orthoptera adult (0.13); Diptera adult (0.07); Lepidoptera larvae (0.20); Hymenoptera (0.05); Arachnida (0.15); Acarina (0.05); Diplopoda (0.37); Isopoda (0.05); Gastropoda (0.50); Amphibian (0.75); Reptilia (5.20); Mammalia (5.50); Rocks (0.05); Vegetable matter (0.05) mean volume of gut contents cc Not Reported Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets Del Norte, Humboldt, Marin
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Ascaphus truei larvae (14.0%); Gastropoda (2.0%); Nematomorpha (2.0%); Arachnoidea (8.0%); Plecoptera (46.0%); Tricoptera larvae (52.0%); Tricoptera adults (6.0%); Coleoptera larvae (30.0%); Coleoptera adults (28.0%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (28.0%); Emphemeroptera adults (2.0%); Diptera larvae (20.0%); Diptera adults (10.0%); Lepidoptera larvae (4.0%); Orthoptera (2.0%); Misc. (46.0%) % of stomach contents containing item % Not Reported Juvenile 50 Palouse River, Latah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food and feeding of larval Dicamptodon ensatus from California

Author(s)
Johnson, Clifford Ray and Carl B. Schreck
Pages
280-281
Year
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Ambystoma gracile (39.2%); Trichoptera larvae (19.6%); Trichoptera adults (1.9%); Coleoptera larvae (37.2%); Coleoptera adults (21.6%); Odonata larvae (70.5%); Odonata adults (1.9%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (1.9%); Gammarid amphipoda (3.9%); Hemiptera adults (5.9%); Arachnoidea (3.9%); Chironomidae (19.6%); Oniscoid isopoda (1.9%); Misc. (25.5%); Empty (3.9%) % frequency of ocurrence in stomach contents % Not Reported Juvenile 51 Fern Lake, Arcata Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt

Boreal Toad (Anaxyrus boreas ssp. boreas formerly Bufo boreas ssp. boreas)

Citation:

Food habits of the boreal toad, Bufo boreas boreas, in the Colorado Front Range

Author(s)
Campbell, James B.
Pages
83-85
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Nematoda (3.0%); Gastropoda (3-21.2%); Arachnida (3.0-42.5%); Orthoptera (3.0%); Coleoptera (3.0-51.5%); Hemiptera (3.0%); Neuroptera (3.0%); Lepidoptera (12.1%); Diptera (3.0 -24.2%); Hymenoptera (3.0-88.1%) % of stomachs containing prey items % Not Reported Not Reported 33 Left-hand reservoir, Boulder county (elev., 10,638ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Diet of nesting killdeer in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M., Patricia L. Kennedy and Lowell C. McEwen
Pages
174-178
Year
Issue
1
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Acrididae (25.6%), Carabidae (26.2%), Tenebrionidae (8.5%), Curculionidae (7.1%), Scarabaeidae (6.8%), Hydrophilidae (1.3%), Chrysomelidae (1.1%), coleoptera larvae (9.7%), Syrphidae (3.3%), Sarcophagidae (1.9%), Muscidae (0.2%), lepidoptera larvae (0.5%), Formicidae (2.4%), Trichoptera (0.7%), Gastropoda (0.4%), Plant material (0.2%) occurence of dietary items as percent of total gut contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 72 birds McHenry and Billings Counties Exposure Factor Datasets

Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana)

Citation:

The food of the nightlizards, Genus Xantusia

Author(s)
Brattstrom, Bayard H.
Pages
168-172
Year
Issue
3
Volume
1952
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Lizard skin (17); Unidentified arthropods (2); Spiders (11); Scorpions (2); Centipedes (2); Ticks (1), Isopids (17); Insects unidentified (26); Orthoptera (1); Homoptera (1); Hemiptera (3); Lepidoptera (5); Diptera (3); Coleptera (19); Hymenoptera (25); Plants (44) number of individuals in which a particular item was found in stomach contents # Not Reported Not Reported 91 San Nicolas, Santa Barbara and San Clemente Islands Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California

Author(s)
Fellers, Gary M. and Charles A. Drost
Pages
28-78
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Animals, Araneida (15.4%); Crustacea (Isopoda) (50%); Hemiptera (7.7%); Homoptera (15.4%); Coleoptera (11.5%); Lepidoptera (11.5%); Diptera (11.5%); Hymenoptera (7.7%); Other insecta (23.1%); Other arthropoda (15.4%); Vertebrata (3.8%); Plants, Aizoaceae (3.8%); Chenopodiaceae (15.4%); Solanaceae (7.7%); Asteraceae (3.8%); Other plants (38.5%) % of samples with item in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 26 Santa Barbara Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the island night lizard, Xantusia riversiana reticulata, from San Clemente Island

Author(s)
Schwenkmeyer, Richard C.
Pages
1-3
Year
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Animal matter (68.8%), includes Arachnids (15.9%); Insects (50.4%); Crustaceans (2.6%); Plant matter (30.9%) % of total content of stomachs % Not Reported Not Reported 18 San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. croceum)

Citation:

A comparison of the food habits of Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillaturm, Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum and Ambystoma tigrinum californiense

Author(s)
Anderson, James D.
Pages
273-284
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Dietary Composition Cladocera (1.12%); Copepoda (0.22%); Ostracoda (12.64%); Chironomidae (23.79%); Corixidae (1.56%); Snails (5.58%); Leeches (4.46%); Oligochaeta (22.30%) and Tadpoles (27.88%) % by weight of food item in stomach contents % Not Reported Juvenile 20 Ellicott Pond Exposure Factor Datasets larvae Santa Cruz

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

Dietary adaptability of the desert cottontail

Author(s)
Turkowski, Frank J.
Pages
748-756
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses (37.9%); Forbs (41.3%); Shrubs (20.8%) % total dietary bulk (volume), estimated from stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 97 Sugarloaf Mountain, Maricopa County (elev., 850m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Spring and summer foods of Audubon's cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus audubonii) in north-central Colorado

Author(s)
deCalesta, David S.
Pages
549-553
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses, 20 species (0 - 22.2%); Forbs, 16 species (0 - 17.4%); Shrubs, 1 species (0.4 - 1.5%); Cactus, 1 species (0 - 0.1%) range of % composition of species over 2 yrs; estimated as sum of all fragments per food species from all stomachs divided by sum of fragments from all stomachs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 18 - 30 Fort Collins, Larimer County (elev. 1650-2200 m) Exposure Factor Datasets

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Seasonal food of skunks in New York

Author(s)
Hamilton, W. J.
Pages
240-246
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Fruit 26.7; mammals 19.6; insects 6.8; grasses, leaves, buds 10.8; Carrion 13.5; grains, nuts 11.3; garbage 6.8; earthworms 0.9; birds 1.9; reptiles, amphibians 1.4; crustaceans 0.3; mollusks trace % by bulk; stomach analysis % 1067 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition insects 43.06; fruits 27.56; mammals 16.25; grains 8.69; Carrion 1.76; Birds 1.46; reptiles, amphibians 1.14. frequency %; stomach and fecal analysis % 570 fecal analyses; 50 stomach analyses Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Insect food of skunks

Author(s)
Kelker, George Hills
Pages
164-170
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition insects; % by volume; scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 952 scats Exposure Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Diet and trophic characteristics of great horned owls in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Marti, Carl D. and Michael N. Kochert
Pages
499-506
Year
Issue
4
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition unident. snake (0.3%), Sylvilagus nuttallii (19.2%), Lepus californicus (14.3%), unident. leporid (16.1%), Spermophilus townsendii (0.6%), Thomomys townsendii (14.6%), Perognathus parvus (0.4%), Dipodomys ordii (11.1%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.2%), Peromyscus spp (2.3%), Neotoma cinerea (4.6%), Neotoma lepida (2.0%), unident. woodrat (0.3%), Microtus montanus (4.7%), Mus musculus (0.7%), Mustela frenata (0.1%), Falco sparverius (0.1%), Phasianus colchicus (1.9%), Callipepla californicus (0.1%), unident. galliform (0.4%), Fulica americana (0.4%), Columba livia (0.9%), Tyto alba (0.3%), Sturnus vulgaris (0.2%), unident. passerine (0.6%), unident. bid (3.4%) occurence in diet as percent of total prey biomass, based on pellet analysis Not Reported Not Reported 14 nesting areas, 1472 prey items Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (42 deg, 50'N, 115 deg, 50'W) Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Food of the woodpeckers of the United States

Author(s)
Beal, F.E.L.
Pages
7-64
Publisher
Government Printing Office
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition animal food (67.71%), vegetable food (32.26%) percent composition of stomach contents Not Reported Not Reported 183 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Dietary Composition predacious ground beetles (3.89%), other beetles (2.66%), ants (53.82%), Hemiptera (1.84%), caterpillars (2.12%), Orthoptera (1.45%), other insects and spiders (1.96%), grain (2.26%), seeds (19.59%), fruit (10.28%) percent composition of stomach contents Not Reported Not Reported 183 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)

Citation:

Foods of some Kentucky herptiles

Author(s)
Bush, Francis M.
Pages
73-77
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Decapoda: Astacidae (47.7%); Lepidoptera (19.0%); Coleoptera: Lampryidae (5.8%); Chrysomelidae (5.8%); Carabidae (4.1%); Curculionidae (0.3%); Chilopoda (7.7%); sand, gravel (1.2%); unidentified (1%) % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 18 Breathitt and Perry counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Economics, adult feeding and larval growth of Rana catesbeiana on a fish hatchery

Author(s)
Corse, Wayne A. and Dean E. Metter
Pages
231-238
Year
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition frogs (12.1%); goldfish (30.3%); gastropods (12.4%); crayfish (9.3%); arachnida (4.4%); coleoptera adult (10.6%); hemiptera (8.2%); orthoptera (8.7%) % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items % Not Reported Adult 772 goldfish pond, Richland Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition frogs (13.0%); shiners (27.5%); gastropods (16.1%); crayfish (16.3%); arachnida (4.5%); coleoptera adult (10.5%); hemiptera (13.5%); orthoptera (5.8%); lepidoptera larvae (4.5%); odonata adult (4.2%) % of stomachs containing major (>4%) food items % Not Reported Adult 553 bait minnow pond, Richland Exposure Factor Datasets

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Food habits of the vireos: a family of insectivorous birds

Author(s)
Chapin, Edward A.
Pages
1-41
Publisher
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Department Bulletin No. 1355
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Hemiptera (34.43%), Orthoptera (18.52%), Lepidoptera (20.63%), Coleoptera (15.26%), Hymenoptera (6.44%), other insects and spiders (2.71%), vegetable food (0.7%) percent occurrence of food items in stomachs Not Reported Not Reported 52 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Mourning dove foods in semi-desert, south-central New Mexico

Author(s)
Davis, Charles A.
Pages
941-944
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition seeds (96.1%), green vegetation (1.1%), insects (2.8%) percent of diet by volume based on crop analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 38 birds New Mexico State University Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition seeds (99.9%), green vegetation (0.1%) percent of diet by volume based on crop analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 42 birds New Mexico State University Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Fall-winter habitat use and food habits of doves in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Lewis, James C., John A. Morrison, Victor J. Heller and John W. Ault
Pages
678-690
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition haygrazer (15-96%), wheat (trace-31%), pricklepoppy (trace-19%), panic grass (trace-33%), maize (3-76%), pigweed (trace-14%), sunflower (trace-10%), spurge (trace-17%), wild bean (trace-44%), others (1-6%) percent consumption by weight of 9 most frequently eaten foods (range over 7 months) % Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Jackson County (elev. 430 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition waste rice, milo, watergrass, yellow star thistle, Turkey mullein seeds, waste wheat, canary grass, safflower, johnson grass food items in crop contents, in order of importance Not Reported Adult 22 birds Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Citation:

Energy intake of the mourning dove, Zenaida macroura marginella

Author(s)
Schmid, William D.
Pages
1171-1172
Year
Volume
150
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Dietary Composition green foxtail (39.8%), yellow foxtail (21.4%), wheat (19.6%), black bindweed (5.1%), maize (4.7%), proso millet (3.0%), flax (2.0%), field mustard (1.6%), lamb's quarters (1.2%) percent occurrence in diet by weight % Not Reported Adult 120 birds captured in Grand Forks County, ND Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii)

Citation:

Comparative studies on the distribution and foods of plethodontid salamanders in the redwood region of northern California

Author(s)
Bury, R.B. and M. Martin
Pages
331-335
Year
Issue
4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Collembola (68%); Coleoptera adults (49%); Coleoptera larvae (11%); Diptera adults (14%); Diptera larvae (16%); Hymenoptera (22%); Acarina (19%); Araneae (57%); Diplopoda (38%); Isopoda (32%) % frequency of major food items % Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 37 1-2 mi WSW of Pepperwood, Humboldt Co. Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt
Citation:

Foods of Plethodon larselli, Plethodon dunni and Ensatina eschscholtzi in the Columbia River Gorge, Multnomah County, Oregon

Author(s)
Altig, Ronald and Edmund D. Brodie, Jr.
Pages
226-228
Year
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition gastropoda (1.5%); annelida (1.5%); acarina (10.0%); araneida (17.7%); non-insect arthropods (16.9%); collembola (16.2%); hemiptera (8.5%); coleoptera (3.1%); lepidoptera (0.8%); hymenoptera (12.3%); diptera (10.0%); orthoptera (1.5%) % of total items in stomach contents; Ensatina size class >45 mm % Not Reported Not Reported <22 Multonmah County Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (18.9%), birds (3.9%), insects (29.9%), vegetation (71.3%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 209 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (31.4%), birds (5.9%), insects (28.6%), vegetation (61.0%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 608 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (41.2%), birds (2.0%), insects (23.3%), vegetation (55.5%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 366 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (35.7%), birds (1.3%), insects (27.7%), vegetation (57.4%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 929 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets

California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii formerly Rana aurora ssp. draytonii)

Citation:

Diet and feeding behavior of the California red-legged frog, Rana aurora draytonii

Author(s)
Hayes, Marc P. and Michele R. Tennant
Pages
601-605
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition see citation occurrence of 48 items (species) in digestive tracts Not Reported Not Reported 31 frogs Canada de la Gaviota and collections at California State Polytechnic University Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Santa Barbara

Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)

Citation:

Field metabolism of lizards from lower altitude regions of Baja California Sur (Mexico)

Author(s)
Grenot, Claude J., Patricia Galina-Tessaro and Sergio Alvarez-Cardenas
Pages
11-23
Year
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Scorpionida (1.22%); Araneae (22.72%); Solifugae (2.78%); Thysanura (0.28%); Orthoptera (5.66%); Isoptera (2.31%); Homoptera (0.38%); Neuroptera (7.93%); Coleoptera (7.86%); Trichoptera (0.62%); Lepidoptera (44.76%); Hymenoptera (2.97%) % frequency of prey (by volume) in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Adult 27 El Comitan, Baja California Sur Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Comparative ecology of populations of the lizard Uta stansburiana

Author(s)
Parker, William S. and Eric R. Pianka
Pages
615-632
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1975
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Spiders (4.70); Solpugids (0.56); Ants (7.87); Other Hymenoptera (0.54); Grasshoppers and Crickets (21.68); Roaches (0.20); Mantids (0.66); Beetles (12.35); Termites (0.10); Homoptera-Hemiptera (2.19); Diptera (2.54); Lepidoptera (1.24); Insect larvae (6.13); Unidentified Insects (6.52); Plant Materials (0.89); Unidentified (2.89) volume (cc) of prey items in stomach contents cc Not Reported Not Reported 556 Mountain Home, ID; Granstville, UT; Lovelock, Gabbs and Beatty, NV [lat., 37-42] Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Spiders (4.1); Solpugids (0.5); Ants (14.7); Other Hymenoptera (2.6); Grasshoppers (19.3); Roaches (3.6); Mantids (1.3); Ant Lions (0.6); Beetles (41.2); Termites (33.8); Homoptera-Hemiptera (1.9); Diptera (0.4); Lepidoptera (1.2); Insect larvae (11.3); Unidentified Insects (9.9); Insect Eggs (0.3); Lizards (0.5); Plant Materials (3.0); Unidentified (9.4) volume (cc) of prey items in stomach contents cc Not Reported Not Reported 811 Pahrump, Searchlight, NV; Mojave, Twentynine Palms, CA; Salome, Phoenix South Mountain, Casa Grande, AZ [lat., 32-36] Exposure Factor Datasets

Southern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. sigillatum)

Citation:

A comparison of the food habits of Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillaturm, Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum and Ambystoma tigrinum californiense

Author(s)
Anderson, James D.
Pages
273-284
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Dietary Composition Mollusca (2.7%); Cladocera (36.7%); Copepoda (20.8%); Ostracoda (11.5%); Hydracarina (0.4%); Chironomidae (17.9%); Mosquitoes (5.1%); Coleoptera (2.1); Trichoptera (0.3) and Unidentified (0.14%) % of total number of items in stomach contents % Not Reported Juvenile 60 Mosquito Lakes (elev., 8050 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets larvae Alpine

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Notes on the ecology of weasels in Gunnison County, Colorado

Author(s)
Quick, Horace F.
Pages
281-290
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Microtus (52%); Peromyscus (19.5%); Eutamias (18.2%); Cynomys (2.6%); Thomomys (3.9%); Citellus (2.6%); Ochotona (1.3%); Vespula (6.5%); Tettigoniidae (2.6%) % occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 77 scats Gunnison County (elev., >7500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)

Citation:

Food habits of sympatric Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Wolff, Jerry O., Raymond D. Dueser, and Kendell S. Berry
Pages
795-798
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Arthropods (56.0 +/- 4.00% SE), Lepidopteran larvae (3.8 +/- 1.30% SE), Lepidopteran adults (3.4 +/- 1.31% SE), Fruit (24.5 +/-4.24% SE), Green vegetation (4.7 +/- 1.14% SE), Fungi (7.2 +/- 2.60% SE), Nuts/Seeds (0.0 +/- 0.0% SE), Unknown (0.8 +/- 0.41% SE) Mean percentage frequency of occurrence of each item in stomach contents Not Reported 40 Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles Co. Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Arthropods (30.0 +/- 3.62% SE), Lepidopteran larvae (0.2 +/- 0.16% SE), Lepidopteran adults (25.6 +/- 4.32% SE), Fruit (3.5 +/- 2.06% SE), Green vegetation (12.3 +/- 3.35% SE), Fungi (0.3 +/- 0.29% SE), Nuts/Seeds (24.0 +/- 6.98% SE), Unknown (4.1 +/- 2.12% SE) Mean percentage frequency of occurrence of each item in stomach contents Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 20 Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles Co. Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

The hunting behavior of American kestrels: Applications of foraging theory

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri Gale
Pages
64
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Dietary Composition mammal (57%), insect (42%), other (1%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult 59 pellets agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Dietary Composition mammal (43%), insect (51%), other (6%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult 71 pellets agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Dietary Composition mammal (39%), insect (60%), other (6%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult 95 pellets agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding

Northern Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) formerly Rana aurora ssp. aurora

Citation:

Food and feeding behavior of sympatric red-legged frogs, Rana aurora, and spotted frogs, Rana pretiosa in southwestern British Columbia

Author(s)
Licht, Lawrence E.
Pages
22-31
Year
Issue
1
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition see citation frequency of occurrence and food item abundance of 53 items (family level and prey lifestage) in stomach contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 26-104/lifestage White Rock, British Columbia [lat., 49^o02'N; long., 122^o39'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Consumption of primary production by a population of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) in the Mojave desert

Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
357-376
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition seeds (75%); leaves (20%); flowers (3%); stems (1%); arthropods (1%) % by weight of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 172 Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Energy requirements and diet of the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Schitoskey, Frank, Jr. and Sarah R. Woodmansee
Pages
373-382
Year
Issue
2
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition see citation list of mean % of 25 items in monthly diets, based on stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 12-40/mo San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Use of human-derived food items by urban kit foxes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L. and Gregory D. Warrick
Pages
34-37
Year
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition human derived food items (12.2%), ground squirrel (67.8%), pocket gopher (3.9%), unident. rodent (5.0%), leporid (5.0%), bird (12.2%), insect (23.3%), other (2.2%) frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 180 scats Bakersfield, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Food of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Hawbecker, Albert C.
Pages
499
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Dipodomus ingens (17%), Dipodomys sp. (14%), D. heermanni (10%), Unident. rodents (6%), Oedaleonotus enigma (66%), Pocalta ursinus (5%), Coniontis sp. (1%), Stenopelmatus (9%), grass (74%) Percent occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 74 scats (1 den) 6 mi. east of Panoche Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Prey choice by three insectivorous grassland birds: Reevaluating opportunism

Author(s)
Kaspari, Michael and Anthony Joern
Pages
414-430
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Acridid, adult Coleoptera, Tettigoniid, larval Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Other, Hemipteran, spider percent of arthropod taxa in the diet, listed in order of decreasing frequency Not Reported Adult 95 birds Arapaho Prairie Exposure Factor Datasets

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Caloric intake of nestling double-crested cormorants

Author(s)
Dunn, Erica H.
Pages
553-565
Year
Volume
92
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition cunner (59.7%), winter flounder (15.5%), sculpin (2.4%), rock eel (0.3%), American eel (6.6%), pollack (9.8%), mummichog (5.8%) frequency by weight of fish regurgitated by adult cormorants Both Male and Female Adult 17 samples Duck Island, Isles of Shoals (43 deg. N, 70 deg. 35' W) Exposure Factor Datasets

Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer formerly Pituophis melanoleucus)

Citation:

Food habits, consumption rates, and predation rates of western rattlesnakes and gopher snakes in southwestern Utah

Author(s)
Diller, Lowell V. and Donald R. Johnson
Pages
228-233
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Townsend ground squirrel (8.7%); Mountain conttontail (7.8%); Deer mouse (47.5%); Ord kangaroo rat (4.9%); Great Basin pocket mouse (5.8%); Montane vole (9.7%); House mouse (7.8%); Other species (7.8%) % frequency of prey ingested based on stomach content and scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 103 items/405 captures Snake River Birds of Prey Area, southwestern ID Exposure Factor Datasets

Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes), California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus), Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis)

Citation:

Clapper Rail

Author(s)
Eddleman, William R. and Courtney J. Conway
Pages
167-179
Publisher
The International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition review Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Dietary Composition waterfowl (50%), shorebirds (10-12%), small gulls (10-15%), small land birds (20%), small mammals (2-3%) dietary contribution of groups of species, by weight, based on collection of remains at nests Both Male and Female Adult, Chick 329 prey items Yukon River Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
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