Mammals

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California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Fat (total or %) see citation figure of seasonal changes in body fat content g/g dry lean wt Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Clutch or Litter Size 3.3 mean; dry season pups/litter Female Adult 6 Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 1.1 (95%CI)
Time of Mating/ Laying Sept/Oct. - May/June breeding; > 50% in reproductive condition Both Male and Female Adult Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Extra-large body size in California voles: causes and fitness consequences

Author(s)
Lidicker, William Z., and Richard S. Ostfield
Pages
108-121
Year
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Body Fat (total or %) see citation figure relating fat content to body weight g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 44 Brooks Island, San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Body Weight - Mean "extra large" body weight (12.6 % of population) g Male Adult 121 Brooks Island, San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets >25 d Contra Costa
Citation:

Demographic changes in fluctuating populations of Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Krebs, Charles J.
Pages
239-273
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of minimum # alive in 8 areas at 103 weekly intervals #/acre Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Oct. - Aug. based on % scrotal males and performate females; overall range varied by location and year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nutritional ecology of the California vole: Effects of food quality on reproduction

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
406-412
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 3.7 young/litter Female Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Nutritional ecology of microtine rodents: digestibility of forage

Author(s)
Batzli, G. O., and F. Russell Cole
Pages
740-750
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 450 metabolizable energy; equivalent to average daily metabolic rate cal/g/d Not Reported 5 Exposure Factor Datasets 28 d or older 16 SE Laboratory
Citation:

The relationship between habitat heterogeneity, space use, and demography in a population of California voles

Author(s)
Ostfeld, Richard S., William Z. Lidicker, Jr. and Edward J. Heske
Pages
433-442
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 550 peak density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

Spring and summer foods of Audubon's cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus audubonii) in north-central Colorado

Author(s)
deCalesta, David S.
Pages
549-553
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses, 20 species (0 - 21.6%); Forbs, 16 species (0 - 12.4%); Shrubs, 1 species (1.1%); Cactus, 1 species (1.9%) range of % composition of species; estimated as sum of all fragments per food species from all stomachs divided by sum of fragments from all stomachs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 29 Fort Collins, Larimer County (elev. 1650-2200 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The rabbits of California

Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Dec. - June time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Home range and mobility of brush rabbits in California chaparral

Author(s)
Connell, Joseph H.
Pages
392-405
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 69 average radii drawn from computed center of activity to capture points ft Female Adult 10 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets 8
Population Density 0.9 #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movement patterns of brush rabbits in northwestern California

Author(s)
Shields, Paul W.
Pages
381-386
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 131 mean range diameter ft Male Juvenile 17 Humboldt Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt
Home Range 191 mean range diameter ft Female Juvenile 22 Humboldt Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 2034 g Male Adult 15 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 78 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1936 g Female Adult 13 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 64 SE

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size pups Female Adult 5 litters Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Reproduction and spacing patterns of kit foxes relative to changing prey availability

Author(s)
White, Patrick J. and Katherine Ralls
Pages
861-867
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 11.6 individual home range size km2 Both Male and Female Adult 21 foxes Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo 0.9 SE

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)

Citation:

Notes on kit fox biology in Utah

Author(s)
Daneke, Dennis, Melvin Sunquist and Stephen Berwick
Pages
361-362
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 1.9 calculated with Minimum Area Method km2 Male Adult 4 Pine Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 1.1 SD

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. austerus)

Citation:

The ecology of the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, in a coastal coniferous forest. I. Population dynamics

Author(s)
Petticrew, B.G. and R.M.F.S. Sadleir
Pages
107-118
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality range of mean probabilities of survival on three areas by breeding season and sex Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported University of British Columbia Research Forest Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Reproduction by Peromyscus maniculatus: size and compromise

Author(s)
Myers, Philip and Lawrence L. Master
Pages
1-18
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Body Weight - Mean Range of mean body weights for females with varying litter sizes (2-9) g Female Adult 4 - 111 Exposure Factor Datasets At conception Laboratory
Citation:

Some factors affecting the distribution of the prairie vole, forest deer mouse, and prairie deer mouse.

Author(s)
Dice, Lee R.
Pages
29-47
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 1.74 daily water ingestion at ambient temperature of 21C cc/animal/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of northern Peromyscus maniculatus borealis

Author(s)
Millar, J.S.
Pages
510-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1.87 g Both Male and Female Neonate 281 original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets 0 d 0.01 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 13.7 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 110 Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets "young of the yr" CANADA 0.3 SE
Population Density # of animals live-trapped in 3 grids (2 - 4 ha) from May to Oct. (1979 - 1981) #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 grids Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.24 mean dry stomach content mass g Female Adult 60 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.03 SE
Time of Mating/ Laying January, August-October annual reproductive peaks Female Adult 1085 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)

Citation:

Growth in two subspecies of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drickamer, Lee C. and Joan Bernstein
Pages
228-231
Year
Issue
1
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 7.3 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 90 captured in Nebraska Exposure Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis

Author(s)
Millar, John S.
Pages
1280-1284
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 0.17 average daily food intake g/g/d Female Adult 49 captured in Alberta, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets non-breeding Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)

Citation:

Comparative population ecology of Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Wolff, Jerry O.
Pages
1548-1555
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.4 based on embryo counts #/litter Female Adult 52 Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles County [lat., 37^010'N; long., 80^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.07 SE

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)

Citation:

An altitudinal survey of reproduction in Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Dunmire, William W.
Pages
174-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.88 potential litter size; estimated using the larger of corpora lutea count or embryo sites #/litter Female Adult 26 White Mountain (elev.,12,400 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono 0.46 SE

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. arizonae)

Citation:

Reproduction in the Audubon cottontail in Arizona

Author(s)
Sowls, Lyle K.
Pages
234-243
Year
Issue
2
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.9 estimated by embryo counts young/litter Female Adult 56 southern portion of state Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. vallicola)

Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range acres Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. ubericolor)

Citation:

Organ weights and sexual dimorphism of the brush rabbit

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A.
Pages
453-455
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 732.25 g Female Adult 45 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 80.85 SD

Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)

Citation:

Age, sex, and weight comparisons in three species of shrews

Author(s)
Rudd, Robert L.
Pages
323-338
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 21 d Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Antrozous pallidus

Author(s)
Hermanson, John W. and Thomas J. O'Shea
Pages
1-8
Year
Volume
213
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity of captive mammals

Author(s)
Jones, Marvin L.
Pages
113-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Longevity 57 captive longevity record mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean 34.7 g Female Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo late pregnancy
Citation:

Evaporative water losses of the pallid bat

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Harold E. White
Pages
452-58
Year
Issue
4
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Inhalation Rate see citation figure of breaths/minute over time Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Home range, activity and daily movements of coyotes

Author(s)
Andelt, William F. and Philip S. Gipson
Pages
944-951
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 28.2 composite home range estimated by minimum area method km2 Male Adult 5 Lancaster and Cass Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 16.6 SD
Citation:

Canis latrans

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc
Pages
1-9
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size review Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote movements in Sagehen Creek basin, northeastern California

Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Pages
154-161
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 24.25 lbs Male Adult 28 Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote foods in southwestern Colorado

Author(s)
MacCracken, James G.
Pages
317-318
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Mammals: Sylvilagus sp. (50.6 - 73.1%); Lepus sp. (0 - 5.0%); Neotoma (0 - 5.5%); Microtus (0-11.1%); Cricetid mice (1.2-8.9%); Bos taurus (1.9 - 7.9%); Odocoileus hemionus (3.6 - 15.5%) range of % relative dry weight of major food items (>5%) measured at 3 sites, based on scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported 42 - 48/ site Montezuma, La Plata and Saguache Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote diets associated with seasonal mule deer activities in California

Author(s)
Smith, James R.
Pages
78-82
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition mule deer (3%); small mammals (30%); birds (6%); reptiles (6%); insects (8%); fruits (64%); other (4%) % frequency of food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 216 Sierra National Forest (elev. 300 -3900 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Body size and condition of coyotes in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Richard M. Engeman and Jeffrey F. Bromaghin
Pages
47 - 52
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean range of means for two adult age groups; excluding those in latter half of gestation kg Female Adult 43-66 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets >2.5 - >3.0 yrs
Citation:

Age distribution and weights of coyotes in northwestern Texas

Author(s)
Meinzer, Wyman P. and Fred S. Guthery
Pages
275-278
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 7.9 (0.5yr); 9.8 (1.5 yr); 11.0 (2.5 yr); 11.5(3.5 yr); 10.8 (4.5 yr); 11.6 (5.5 yr); 10.4 (6.5 yr); 10.9 (>7.5 yr) average body weights at various ages kg Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 - 121/age King and Knox counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 - >7.5 yr
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Berg, William E. and Robert A. Chesness
Pages
229-247
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range prior to dispersal km2 Both Male and Female Juvenile 50 Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavioral ecology of coyotes on the National Elk Refuge, Jackson, Wyoming

Author(s)
Camenzind, Franz J.
Pages
267-296
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density peak density #/km2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported National Elk Refuge, Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and habitat use of coyotes in a farm region of Vermont

Author(s)
Person, David K. and David H. Hirth
Pages
433-441
Year
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 17.1 km2 Female Adult 4 Champlain Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 3.2 SE
Citation:

Food and population characteristics of Iowa coyotes

Author(s)
Mathwig, Herbert J.
Pages
167-189
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 6 maximum age in field yrs Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Water economy of two desert canids: Coyote and kit fox

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
51-58
Year
Issue
1
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 101 estimated daily food intake based on a desert kangaroo diet (7.38 kJ/g wet wt) and calculated daily energy requirements (see Golightly, 1981) g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Growth and behavior of a litter of captive long-tailed weasels

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C.
Pages
412-415
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate see citation figure of body weight (g) vs estimated age (d) g/d Both Male and Female Juvenile 7 captured at Delta, Manitoba, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets 35 - 100 d Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolism of weasels: The cost of being long and thin

Author(s)
Brown, James H. and Robert C. Lasiewski
Pages
939-943
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.84 standard metabolic rate at 32C, determined from oxygen consumption kcal/hr Female Adult 4 captured in White Pine County, NV Exposure Factor Datasets 0.12 SD Laboratory

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Care, management, and biology of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
575-584
Year
Issue
5
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 8 weeks Both Male and Female Pup 2-12 litters Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Reproduction in captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
452-455
Year
Issue
2
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Hatching or Parturition second half of July second estrus Both Male and Female 4 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Allometrische Untersuchungen an Organgewichten von Musteliden

Author(s)
Drescher, H. E.
Pages
35-77
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 3063 without fur g Female Not Reported 2 females Manitoba; Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Mephitis mephitis

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and B.J. Verts
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
173
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) activities within the vicinity of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant, 1973-1978

Author(s)
Benech, S.V.
Pages
33-44
Year
Volume
1979
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 150 population density for resident and non-resident animals (see citation for map of study area) animals per study area Both Male and Female Not Reported 15-170 Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant; Point San Luis to Point Buchon Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and territoriality of sea otters near Monterey, California

Author(s)
Loughlin, T.R.
Year
Issue
3
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 54 population density, 1975 - 1977 Animals per study area Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 54 Monterey, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Reproduction, survival and tag loss in California sea otters

Author(s)
Siniff, Donald B., and Katherine Ralls
Pages
211-229
Year
Issue
3
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.58 pup survival rate to weaning Not Reported Juvenile 19 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Author(s)
Kenyon, Karl W.
Pages
1-352
Year
Issue
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 4 yr Female Juvenile Not Reported Amchitka Island Exposure Factor Datasets

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California Sea lion, Zalophus californianus

Author(s)
Odell, D. K.
Pages
374-378
Year
Volume
169
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Territory Size 130 territory size during breeding m2 Male Adult 20 territories San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Air temperature and direct partitional calorimetry of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
South, F.E., R. H. Luecke, M. L. Zatzman and M. D. Shanklin
Pages
27-30
Year
Issue
1
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean kg Female Juvenile 2 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Milk and energy intakes of suckling California Sea Lions (Z. californicus) pups in relation to sex, growth and predicted maintenance requirements

Author(s)
Oftedal, Olav T., Sara J. Iverson and Daryl J. Boness
Pages
560-575
Year
Issue
5
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Food Ingestion Rate daily energy intake estimated from milk intake; range of means for 2 yrs kcal/d Male Pup 5-9/yr San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 mo
Citation:

Population abundance, pup mortality, and copulation frequency in the California sea lion in relation to the 1983 El Nino on San Nicolas Island

Author(s)
Francis, J. M. and C. B. Heath
Pages
271-288
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year range of fecundity over 4 yrs; peak pup/peak female counts pups/female/yr Female Adult 4360-6952 pups San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) II: Milk intake

Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 95.0 daily weight gain during 1st mo of life g/d Female Pup 4 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 5-30 d 11.75 SE

San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)

Citation:

Survival and home range in the Nelson antelope ground squirrel

Author(s)
Hawbecker, Albert C.
Pages
207-215
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition Mar. Not Reported Neonate Not Reported Panoche (elev., 1200') Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Multiple litters in the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi fisheri, in Tulare county

Author(s)
Simpson, G. L., and T.K. Lamunyon
Pages
101-104
Year
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - Apr. Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Coho creek Exposure Factor Datasets Tulare
Citation:

A population study of the Beechey ground squirrel in central California

Author(s)
Evans, F. C. and R. Holdenried
Pages
231-260
Year
Issue
2
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutches or Litters per year 1 litters/yr Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Santa Clara
Citation:

Energy metabolism and evaporative water loss in the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Baudinette, Russel V.
Pages
57-72
Year
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 599.6 g Not Reported Not Reported 10 University of California, Irvine Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Ecology of the California ground squirrel on grazing lands

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
559-596
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 400 diameter of "typical" home range ft Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The annual cycle of the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Tomich, P. Quentin
Pages
213-282
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 677 g Male Adult 61 Davis and Dixon Exposure Factor Datasets Solano, Yolo 113.5

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Energy relationships of the mammals of a desert shrub (Larrea tridentata) community

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Alice Eastlake Chew
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 62.0 average range of movement after 3 captures m Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Simon Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 4.7
Citation:

Population Ecology of a desert rodent: Dipodomys merriami in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author(s)
Zeng, Zongyong and James H. Brown
Pages
1328-1340
Year
Issue
5
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity at least 36 oldest recorded mo Female Adult 3 Cave Creek Bajada, Cochise County (elev., 1330 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding of captive kangaroo rats, Dipodomys merriami and D. microps

Author(s)
Daly, M., Margo I. Wilson and P. Behrends
Pages
338-341
Year
Issue
2
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 pups/litter Female Adult 51 captured near Palm Springs, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The reproduction of heteromyid rodents in captivity

Author(s)
Eisenberg, John F. and Donald E. Isaac
Pages
61-67
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 pups/litter Female Adult 4 litters Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Consumption of herbaceaous vegetation and water during reproduction and development of Merriam's Kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
445-457
Year
Issue
2
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Food Ingestion Rate see citation figure of daily food intake g/d Female Adult 4-16 captured in Clark County, NV Exposure Factor Datasets non-reproductive, lactating or gestating Laboratory
Citation:

The relation of oxygen consumption to temperature in desert rodents

Author(s)
Dawson, William R.
Pages
543-552
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 1.2 average oxygen consumption rate at 31-34C cc O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported 25 captured at Lovejoy Buttes, Los Angeles County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Ecology of rodents in Indian Cove (Mojave Desert), Joshua Tree National Monument, California

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Bernard B. Butterworth
Pages
203-225
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity longest recorded longevity mo Not Reported Adult 2 Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Notes on home ranges and population density of two species of heteromyid rodents in southwestern Texas

Author(s)
York, Christopher L.
Pages
42-46
Year
Volume
1
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 3.39 acres Female Adult 4 Presidio County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Repeatability of mammalian physiology: Evaporative water loss and oxygen consumption of Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Hayes, Jack P., Chad A. Bible and John D. Boone
Pages
475-485
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.619 resting metabolic rate at 30C ml O2/min Not Reported Adult 30 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.099 SD Laboratory

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Growth and development of Dipodomys stephensi

Author(s)
Lackey, James A.
Pages
624-632
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 4.4 g Both Male and Female Neonate 16 Exposure Factor Datasets 0 d Laboratory
Citation:

Distances moved by Stephens' kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi Merriam) and implications for conservation

Author(s)
Price, Mary V., Patrick A. Kelly and Ross L. Goldingay
Pages
929-939
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range range of median maximum distance moved based on telemetry at 2 sites; 21 - 91 d observation m Female Adult 9 Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 4 g Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets 4 wk Inyo
Citation:

Longevity of the pocket mouse, Pergonathus longimembris

Author(s)
Edmonds, Vaughan W. and Daniel S. Fertig
Pages
300-301
Year
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Longevity > 8 lifespan in captivity yrs Not Reported Adult 1 captured in Kern County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Foraging range in mice and voles: The role of risk

Author(s)
Anderson, Paul K.
Pages
2645-2653
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range 60-120 long by 5.5 wide linear-shaped home ranges conforming to ecotone along lake m Both Male and Female Not Reported 14 Frederick Lake, near Calgary, Alberta [lat., 51^o06'N; long., 114^o44'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Fat levels in a subarctic population of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Gyug, Les W. and John S. Millar
Pages
1341-1346
Year
Issue
7
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Fat (total or %) see citation see citation for figure of absolute fat content in various breeding conditions g Both Male and Female Adult 6- 23 Heart Lake Biology Station [lat., 61^oN; long., 117^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Food habits of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in northern Ontario

Author(s)
Martell, Arthur M. and A.L. MacAuley
Pages
319-324
Year
Issue
3
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition arthropods (62.3 %); seeds (21.7 %); chlorophyllous plant matter (10.1%); achlorophyllous plant matter (6.3%) % total volume of stomach contents. % Not Reported Not Reported 12 uncut and selectively cut forest, Manitouwadge, Ontario [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 85^o50'W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus in seasonal environments

Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Survival/ Mortality 0.046 daily mortality rate for mice <90 days; author's estimate from regression of log numbers against age. /d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets <90 d CANADA
Citation:

Basal metabolic rates and thermoregulatory abilities in four small mammals

Author(s)
Tomasi, Thomas E.
Pages
2534-2537
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 2.70 Mean measured as CO2 production at 24C, converted to O2 consumption by 0.8 R.Q. ml 02/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 6 Exposure Factor Datasets Resting 0.07 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Some rodent populations in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Storer, T.I., F.C. Evans and F.G. Palmer
Pages
166-192
Year
Issue
2
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.21 acres Female Adult 27 Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age of sexual maturity in mice of the genus Peromyscus

Author(s)
Clark, Frank H.
Pages
230-234
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Age at Sexual Maturity 48.72 based on presence of cornified vaginal epithelial cells d Female Adult 186 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.23 Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative population ecology of eleven species of rodents in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author(s)
Brown, J. H. and Z. Zeng
Pages
46-63
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 21.4 g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 74 Portal, Cochise County (elev. 1330m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal home ranges and activity of small mammals of a Colorado subalpine forest

Author(s)
Merritt, Joseph F. and Joanie M. Merritt
Pages
195 - 202
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 0.02 ha Female Adult 9 eastern slope, Colorado Rocky Mountains (elev., 3120 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.55 SE
Citation:

Relationship between metabolic rate and energy expenditure for lactation in Peromyscus

Author(s)
Glazier, Douglas S.
Pages
587-590
Year
Issue
4
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 2.75 basal metabolic rate mlO2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.33 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Intraspecific variation in body size, metabolic rate, and reproduction of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Author(s)
Earle, Michael and D. M. Lavigne
Pages
381-388
Year
Issue
2
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of means from 3 sites g Both Male and Female Neonate 17-29 adults captured at Milk River, Alberta [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 111^o45'W] and Sydney, British Columbia, Canada [lat., 48^o43'N; long., 123^o20'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 20.9 g Both Male and Female Adult 55 Anytown (elev., 400 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo 1.6 SE

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

Adaptations and speciation of harvest mice of the marshes of San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Fisler, George F.
Pages
1-98
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.72 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay marshes Exposure Factor Datasets
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