Mammals
California Vole (Microtus californicus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | see citation | figure of seasonal changes in density | #/acre | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Tilden Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | range of mean minimum survival rates per 14 d measured | Female | Juvenile | 2 periods of weekly sampling | Tilden Regional Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | range of monthly means at 3 locations | g | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | 9-169/mo and site | Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 0.0251 (10C); 0.0179 (20C); 0.0114 (30C) | mean minium metabolic rate estimated as oxygen consumption at ambient temperatures (10-30C) | ml O2/g/min | Not Reported | Not Reported | 6/group | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | range of mean values for 4 grids over 3 yrs | g | Male | Adult | 1 - 20 | Russell Reservation, Berkeley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4.17 | pups/litter | Female | Adult | 220 | captured in Sonoma County, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.2 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | range in home range (minimum area probability, 0.95) over 2 yrs | m2 | Female | Adult | 7/yr | Richmond Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4.2 | pups/litter | Female | Adult | 12 | Volta | Exposure Factor Datasets | Merced |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 206 | fed rabbit pellets for 21 d | mg/g/d | Not Reported | 5 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 28 d or older | 6 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4.20 | mean embryo number per female | embryos/female | Female | Adult | 154 | San Francisco Bay, San Rafael | Exposure Factor Datasets | Marin | 1.41 SD |
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.7 | young/litter | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Sugarloaf Mountain, Maricopa County (elev., 850m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | young/litter | Female | Adult | 2 | Volta and Kesterson | Exposure Factor Datasets | Merced |
Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 27 | d | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa | 3 | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | weight just prior to birth | g | Both Male and Female | Embryo | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Napa |
San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 | Female | Adult | 32 foxes | extreme southern San Joaquin Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | denning density | den/28 ha - 1 den/37 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 1010 dens | Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Population Density | adult density | #/260 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 361 foxes | Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Spermophilus beecheyi (35%), soluble material (16.6%), grasshoppers/crickets (12.9%), lagomorphs (12.2%), kangaroo rats (9.1%), miscellaneous (10.2%), deer mice/wood rats (7.7%), birds (5.2%), beetles/weevils (3.5%), vegetation (2.8%), snakes (2.0%), pocket mice (0.8%), pocket gophers (0.5%), lizards (0.2%) | frequency of occurrence of prey items found in scat | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 649 scats | Camp Roberts | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey, San Luis Obispo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Dipodomus ingens (17%), Dipodomys sp. (14%), D. heermanni (10%), Unident. rodents (6%), Oedaleonotus enigma (66%), Pocalta ursinus (5%), Coniontis sp. (1%), Stenopelmatus (9%), grass (74%) | Percent occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 74 scats (1 den) | 6 mi. east of Panoche | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Benito |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | lagomorphs (73.3%), kangaroo rats (13.1%), San Joaquin antelope ground squirrel (2.9%), San Joaquin kit fox (2.8%), Cricetidinae (1.3%), Heteromyidae (0.8%), San Joaquin pocket mouse (0.7%), California ground squirrel (0.6%), southern grasshopper mouse (0.5%), sheep (0.5%), Botta pocket gopher (0.3%), birds (1.4%), snakes (1.2%), lizards (0.1%), grasshoppers and crickets (6.2%), beetles (1.0%), arthropods (0.2%), grass (1.7%), soluble material (5.2%), other (9.1%) | frequency of occurrence of food items found in scat | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 1430 scats | Naval Petroleum Reserve #1 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 4.2 | average body weight | lbs | Female | Adult | 6 | Tooele County, west. UT | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Food Ingestion Rate | 175 | average daily consumption in captivity | g/day | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Tooele County, west. UT | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Pacific Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris ssp. pacificus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat (total or %) | 9.2 | fat as % of total body weight | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8 | Exposure Factor Datasets | summer-acclimatized | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | #/litter | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 4760 | daily (20-hr time period) mean oxygen consumption at 23C | ml/kg/hr | Male | Adult | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 160.0 SE | Laboratory |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 26.3 | d for postpartum litters | d | Female | Adult | 11 | Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.8 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | 1.9 | litters/yr | Female | Adult | 38 | Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.1 SE | ||
| Survival/ Mortality | 44 | over winter survival | % | Female | Juvenile | 34 | Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] | Exposure Factor Datasets | "young of the yr" | CANADA |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 0.15 | mean dry stomach content mass | g | Female | Juvenile | 22 | Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Siskiyou | 0.03 SE |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gracilis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 1.5 | basal oxygen consumption measured at 28C, 15-17g mice, also reported as 173 cal/kg/d | cc O2/g/hr | Not Reported | Adult | 2 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 5.14 | litter size at parturition | #/litter | Female | Adult | 104 | captured in Alberta, Canada | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.14 SE | Laboratory |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 524 | mean calculated minimum convex polygon area | m2 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 48 | Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles county | Exposure Factor Datasets | 46 SE |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. rubidus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Plant matter: Abronia or Cakile (16%); Fragaria seeds (1.5%); plant shoots (1%); Animal matter: Orchestoidea (3%); Diptera (3%); Staphylinid beetles (1.5%); aphids (1%); centipedes (1.5%); unidentified arthropod chitin (16%); unidentified arthropod viscera (56%) | % food item volume in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 30 | Samoa | Exposure Factor Datasets | Humboldt |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 1.67 | mean basal metabolic rate estimated by oxygen consumption | cc O2/g/h | Not Reported | Not Reported | 17 | collected near Las Vegas, NV | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.07 SE | Laboratory |
Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. audubonii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Sexual Maturity | reported as age at sexual maturity as lactation first observed | mo | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Sacramento Valley, Durham | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. ubericolor)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 151.0 | mean and range of one standard diameter, home range estimated by "center of activity" method | ft | Male | Juvenile | 9 | E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis | Exposure Factor Datasets | 77.3 SD |
Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | range of mean weights during 3 seasons | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 9-22/season | captured at Suisun and San Pablo Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Broad-footed Mole (Scapanus latimanus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | see citation | figure of % dog food or earthworms ingested/body weight over 20 d | Not Reported | Not Reported | 4 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | #/litter | Female | Adult | 40 bats | Napa, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | Napa |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | late May through June | time of parturition through time when young begin to fly | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Camp Verde, Yavapai County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 9 | estimation based on observations in wild and captive bats | wks | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern, San Luis Obispo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalation Rate | breathing rate of active animals at 25 C | breaths/min | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | 50 mi. NE of Berkeley (capture location) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Coyote (Canis latrans)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 5.4 | estimated by placental scars, number of foeti and 2 litters | young/litter | Female | Adult | 20 | Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 1.8 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | leporids (66.5%); rodents (21.5%); livestock (17.8%); coyote (2.1%); birds (17.8%); reptiles (5.4%); insects (18.6%); fruit (4.5%); other (2.1%); refuse (5.8%) | % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents estimated over 6 yrs | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 242 | Naval Petroleum Reserves, Bakersfield (elev., 88-473m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Kern |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mule deer (35.2%); cattle (11.5%); sheep (3.7%); coyote (2.9%); Microtus sp. (47.7%); Thomomys sp. (6.8%); Lepus americanus (4.4%); Marmota flaviventris (3.9%); Citellus lateralis (3.9%); Erethizon dorsatum (3.7%); song birds (3.7%); other insects (4.7%); pine and fir needles (19%); grass (17.6%); other vegetable matter (8.7%) | % of scats containing food item | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 384 scats | Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mesquite pods (39%); prickly pear fruit (21%); other plants(35%); rodent (27%); lagomorph (20%); mule deer (9%); other mammals (4%); dog food or human-related (trace); misc. (16%) | annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 449 scats | rural area near Saguaro National Monument | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | rodents (36%); ungulates (26%); lagomorphs (23%); insectivores (2%); other mammals (1%); unidentified mammals (13%); birds (8%); reptiles (2%); insects (3%); fruit (38%); grass (13%); human refuse (1%) | annual % frequency of occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 844 | Willamette National Forest, Lane County (elev., 500-1500 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.42 | overall annual survival rate (autumn-autumn), estimated over 3 yr periods | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 38 | Webb County | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.5 - 1.5 yr | 0.24 - 0.60 (95% CL) |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Jan. - Apr. | breeding | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 9.9 | kg | Female | Pup | 13 | Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | <1yr | Kern | 0.4 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | voles (40.8%); deer mice (2.4%); other rodents (14.1%); deer (24.4%); pronghorn (1.8%); other ungulates (7.3%); lagomorphs (2.4%); other mammals (7.4%); birds and eggs (19.5%); reptiles and amphibians (6.1%); seeds and fruit (30.5%); insects (30.5%); unknown (1.8%) | % frequency of occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 164 | National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | Oct. | dispersal | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | Not Reported | Rochester, Alberta | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (57%); Microtus californicus (19%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (29%); Lepus californicus (29%); Thomomys bottae (19%); Birds (5%); Insects (10%); Seeds and berries (10%); Herbaceous vegetation (14%) | % of scats containing each prey item | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 21 | Concord Naval Weapons Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Apr. - Aug. | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 25 | average distance traveled from den in one night | rods | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Ames | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 6.5 | placental scars | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-1.5 years | 0.65 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Fruit 26.7; mammals 19.6; insects 6.8; grasses, leaves, buds 10.8; Carrion 13.5; grains, nuts 11.3; garbage 6.8; earthworms 0.9; birds 1.9; reptiles, amphibians 1.4; crustaceans 0.3; mollusks trace | % by bulk; stomach analysis | % | 1067 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 1970 | home range, as indexed by greatest distance between captures | m | Female | Adult | 30 females | Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 170 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 10 | months | Female | Adult | 1 female | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 4.4 | lb | Female | Adult | 82 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.2 |
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 6.8 | km^2 | Female | Adult | 4 | Santa Cruz to San Luis Obispo | Exposure Factor Datasets | Residents | 2.3 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 44 | Home range for non-territorial males | ha | Male | Adult | 7 | Monterey | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey | 13.36 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | sea urchins (47.8-70.2%), mussels (0.4-3.1%), sea stars (0.5-0.8%), crabs (1.4-5.2%), clams (0.4-1.8%), octopus (0.0-0.9%), anemone (0.0-0.2%), algal holdfasts (0.0-2.6%), fish (0.0-12.3%), fish eggs (0.0-0.9%), chitons (0.2-0.8%), coralline algae (0.0-0.2%), unknown (14.6-26.7%), unsuccessful (3.4-7.1%) | percentage (ranges) of total dives that resulted in capture of different prey items at three locations | Not Reported | Not Reported | 425-584 dives/location | Amchitka and Attu (Aleutian Islands), and Blanco Reef, OR | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | annual mortality over two years estimated from carcass searches on beaches | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 1 population (1076 otters) | Amchitka Island | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 7.59 | kg | Female | Pup | 7 | San Nicolas Island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5 d | 0.289 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 4.2 | initial defecation time | hours | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 animals | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-2 years old | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 32.2 | kg | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.6 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 9 | kg | Not Reported | Neonate | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory Size | 130 | m2 | Male | Adult | 24-25 males | San Nicolas Island, CA | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 10.81 | minimum convex polygon estimate, corrected for sample size bias, based on radiotelemetry and mark-release trapping | ha | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 15 | Elkhorn Plain Ecological Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Luis Obispo | 12.53 SD |
California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 589 | g | Female | Adult | 41 | University of California, Santa Cruz Campus ( elev., 120 m) [lat., 37^0W; long., 122^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Cruz | pregnant |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 592 | g | Female | Adult | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Molt | April; June; July | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Cruz |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | see citation | list of mean % of 25 items in monthly diets, based on stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 12-40/mo | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets | Madera |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 373 | referred to as "young females" | g | Female | Juvenile | 115 | Davis and Dixon | Exposure Factor Datasets | Solano, Yolo | 150.5 |
Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | g | Female | Adult | Not Reported | San Simon Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 39.6 | g | Female | Not Reported | 11 | captured at Boulder City, NV | Exposure Factor Datasets | 7.1 SD | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 64 | youngest age of female conceiving | d | Female | Adult | 51 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 32.6 | g | Female | Adult | 154 | Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Inyo | 4.1 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | see citation | figure of logistic growth curve for changes in body weight over time | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Cave Creek Bajada, Cochise County (elev., 1330 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1 - 12 mo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 50.0 | median lifetime distance moved from home range center (from first to last capture) | m | Female | Adult | 16 | Portal | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | range of seasonal body weights | g | Male | Adult | 644 | Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000 - 4500 ft) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Grasses: Oryzopsis hymenoides (18.0%); Hilaria rigida (13.7%); Tridens pulchella (3.3%); Bromus rubens (4.7%); Annual forbs: Plantago insularis (16.6%); Eriogonum spp. (14.3%); Phacelia spp. (6.8%); Vegetative plant parts: Phacelia spp. (6.0%); Erodium circutarium (3.2%); Misc. (8.4%) | % volume in cheek pouches of major (>2%) food items | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 54 | Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 40 | g | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 16 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 31 d | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Apr. - May | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Inyo |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 1.3 | weight at birth | g | Not Reported | Neonate | 26 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | range of means over 3 yrs in 2 habitat types during 2 seasons | g | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Santa Barbara Island [lat.,33^o29' N, long., 119^o02' W] | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 18.4 | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16 | White Mountain Research Station (elev., 1,230-1,460 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Inyo, Mono | 1.83 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | arthropods (19.7-37.3%); fungi (5.8-17.8%); seeds (14.0-43.0%); berries (9.1-56.8%); chlorophyllous plant matter (1.1 - 3.8%); achlorophyllous plant matter (1.2-1.3%) | % total volume of stomach contents; range over 3 yrs | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 58 - 153/yr | clear cut forest, Manitouwadge, Ontario [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 85^o50'W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 16.6 | g | Male | Adult | 37 | Pinyon-juniper zone near Westgard Pass (elev., 2500 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Inyo | 2.0 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | seeds (57.2-60.3 %), arthropods (13.0-21.8 %), cutworms (9.4-13.2%), flowers (1.1-4.5 %), leaves (1.9-8.2 %), fruit (1.0%), fungus (5.4%) | dietary composition based on stomach content analysis over two years | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 81-159 | Rabbit Ears Pass, subalpine meadows (3020 m) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | basal metabolic rate measured as oxygen consumption at 26 - 29C; body weight range = 15.2 - 17.1g | cc O2/g/hr | Male | Adult | 2 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | teenager | Adult, Neonate | 47 | Blue Lake, 75 long., 95 lat. |
Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-1 day | Alpine |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 0.1767 | maximal oxygen consumption during exercise | ml/g/min | Not Reported | Adult | 179 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.0226 SD | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat (total or %) | see citation | figure of total fat content (% body mass) before, during and after torpor | Not Reported | Not Reported | 24/group | captured in Walla Walla County, WA | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | range of mean weights taken every 2 wks for 10 wks in sites with excess artificial food (whole oats) | g | Female | Juvenile | 4-29/time | University of British Columbia | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Lepidoptera (71% in June); Graminae seeds (66% in July); crested wheat grass (76% in Aug.) | % of fragments identified in stomach contents; dominant food items for 3 months | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 72 | Idaho National Engineering Lab. | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 25 | d | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
