Mammals

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Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Food habits of the coyote in California

Author(s)
Ferrel, Carol M., Howard R. Leach and Daniel F. Tillotson
Pages
301-341
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition rodent (33.2%); deer (17.0%); other stock (14.8%); rabbit (13.2%); misc. (10.0%); sheep (4.6%); bird (3.8%); vegetation (3.4%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 407 coastal region Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodent (27.0%); deer (18.3%); other stock (9.4%); rabbit (22.2%); misc. (10.5%); sheep (6.7%); bird (5.0%); vegetation (0.9%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 611 northeast region Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Berg, William E. and Robert A. Chesness
Pages
229-247
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity oldest age; less than 1% of population yrs Not Reported Adult 960 Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights kg Male Adult Not Reported Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote morphometric characteristics and mass dynamics in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L.
Pages
360-365
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 2.5 kg Male Pup 19 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 12.1 kg Male Adult 82 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2yr Kern 0.2 SE
Citation:

Physical development in coyotes (Canis latrans), with a comparison to other canids

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc and Robert Jamieson
Pages
685-692
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 657 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 20d Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 867 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 30d Laboratory
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968

Author(s)
Nellis, Carl H. and Lloyd B. Keith
Pages
389-399
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Dietary Composition large mammals (44%); mice (22%); snowshoe hare (3%); birds (11%); vegetation (7%); misc. (3%) % volume, determined from stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 344 Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Home Range 14.6 mean distance moved by coyotes marked in 1964-1968 and relocated by 1976 km Both Male and Female Pup 28 Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 4.2 SE
Citation:

The distribution and abundance of coyotes: The effects of allochthonous food subsidies from the sea

Author(s)
Rose, Michael D. and Gary A. Polis
Pages
998-1007
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Terrestrial: Reptiles (7.1%); Rodents (48.0%); Lagomorphs (15.9%); Birds (1.0%); Arthropods (11.8%); Vegetation (15.5%) Marine: Birds (0.3%) average percent occurrence of item in scats from 4 inland sites % Not Reported Not Reported 170 Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California del Norte [lat., 28^o55' N; long., 113^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Nutritional levels and growth rates of hand-reared coyote pups

Author(s)
Barnum, Douglas A., Jeffrey S. Green, Jerran T. Flinders and Norman L. Gates
Pages
820-823
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean BW = -0.5049 + 0.0469A equation for predicting body weights (BW, g) of known age (A, days) pups g Both Male and Female Juvenile captured near Moscow, ID Exposure Factor Datasets 30 - 154 d Laboratory
Citation:

Relationship between coyote group size and diet in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
647-653
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation figure of seasonal changes in diet based on scat analysis; mean % volume of food items % Not Reported Not Reported 3270 scats Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310 - 1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote movements, habitat use, and food habits in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Litvaitis, John A. and James H. Shaw
Pages
62-68
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 68.7 minimum area home range km2 Female Adult 6 Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 89.1 SD
Citation:

Energy requirements of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Pekins, Peter J. and William W. Mautz
Pages
656-659
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 10.6 yearly mean basal metabolic rate; range of seasonal means L O2/kg/d Both Male and Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Body size and condition of coyotes in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Richard M. Engeman and Jeffrey F. Bromaghin
Pages
47 - 52
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 6.5 kg Female Juvenile 40 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 yrs 0.2 SE
Citation:

Summer food habits and population density of coyotes, Canis latrans, in boreal forests of sutheastern Quebec

Author(s)
Samson, Claude and Michel Crete
Pages
227-233
Year
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density range of density estimates #/10 km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Gaspesie Conservation Park and Chic-Chocs Game Reserve [lat., 49^o00N'; long., 66^o00' W] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Notes on ecology and food of the Kit fox in Central Utah

Author(s)
Smith, Dwight G.
Pages
96 - 98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 4 mean number of pairs on study area pairs/207 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 mean animal density in study area adult/12.9 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Notes on the ecology of weasels in Gunnison County, Colorado

Author(s)
Quick, Horace F.
Pages
281-290
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Microtus (52%); Peromyscus (19.5%); Eutamias (18.2%); Cynomys (2.6%); Thomomys (3.9%); Citellus (2.6%); Ochotona (1.3%); Vespula (6.5%); Tettigoniidae (2.6%) % occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 77 scats Gunnison County (elev., >7500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The sexual cycle of the male long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata)

Author(s)
Wright, Philip L.
Pages
343-352
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Apr. Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Physical characteristics of striped skunks in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Fuller, Todd K., David W. Kuehn, Pamela L. Coy and Randy K. Markl
Pages
371-374
Year
Issue
2
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 1.74 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 10 animals Bearville study area; Itasca county Exposure Factor Datasets 1.0 years 0.10 SE
Citation:

Age-related Reproduction in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in the upper Midwest

Author(s)
Greenwood, Raymond J. and Alan B. Sargeant
Pages
657-662
Year
Issue
3
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.2 live embryo counts pups/litter Female Adult 178 females east-central North Dakota; west -central Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets primarily 1 and 2 years old 0.4 SE
Citation:

Parameters of population and seasonal activity of striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, in Alberta and Saskatchewan

Author(s)
Schowalter, David B. and John R. Gunson
Pages
409-420
Year
Issue
4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 0.07 kg Male Juvenile 7 juveniles Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.1 SD
Citation:

Biology of striped skunks on a southwestern Lake Erie Marsh

Author(s)
Bailey, Theodore N.
Pages
196-207
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 12 animals/mi^2 Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Magee Marsh; Ottawa natll. wildlife refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biology of the striped skunk

Author(s)
Verts, B. J.
Pages
182
Publisher
University of Illinois Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 7.3 pups/litter Female Adult 21 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.25

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Movements, home range, and territories of male sea otters off central California

Author(s)
Jameson, Ronald J.
Pages
159-172
Year
Issue
2
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 29.5 resident and non-resident males were not significantly different kg Male Adult 22 Central coast Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE
Citation:

Energy, nitrogen, and electrolyte flux and sea water drinking in the sea otter Enhydra lutris

Author(s)
Costa, Daniel P.
Pages
35-44
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 18.6 kg Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Breeding patterns and reproductive success of California sea otters

Author(s)
Riedman, Marianne L., James A. Estes, Michelle M. Staedler, Alisa A. Giles and David R. Carlson
Pages
391-399
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.0 pre-weaning survival rate (mothers aged 11-14 years) Female Adult 4 Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets 11-14 years Monterey
Citation:

Metabolism and thermoregulation in the sea otter

Author(s)
Morrison, Peter, Mario Rosenmann and James E. Estes
Pages
218-229
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Metabolic Rate 1.21 average metabolic rate in water cc O2/g x hr Not Reported Not Reported 13 Exposure Factor Datasets fasted Laboratory
Citation:

Enhydra lutris

Author(s)
Estes, James A.
Pages
1-8
Year
Volume
133
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) II: Milk intake

Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 75.8 daily weight gain during the 2nd mo of life g/d Female Pup 4 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 mo 62.56 SE
Citation:

An overview of captive births and survivorship of California sea lions 1985-1995

Author(s)
Gates, Luke, Suzanne Tatersall and David Nicholson
Pages
5-9
Year
Issue
1
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Survival/ Mortality 66 mean annual survivorship for animals >30 d % Not Reported Juvenile 38 births/10 yr captive in British facilities Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus); I. Early postnatal growth

Author(s)
Boness, D. J., O. T. Oftedal,and K. A. Ono
Pages
173-179
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 8.1 mean weight; El Nino 1983 kg Not Reported Neonate 31 neonates San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 3 days or less 0.163 SE
Citation:

Food habits of the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, at San Clemente Island, California, 1981-86

Author(s)
Lowry, Mark S., Charles W. Oliver, Carolyn Macky and Jeannie B. Wexler
Pages
509-521
Year
Volume
88
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (24.7%); jack mackerel (11.8%); pelagic red crab (10.2%); Pacific whiting (9.4%); rockfish (9.2%); market squid (7.9%); blacksmith (5.1%); Pacific mackerel (4.6%); octopus (2.5%); squid (1.1%) % occurrence of major (>1%) prey taxon from a tally of occurrences of all prey taxa in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 1309 scats San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Ecology of the California ground squirrel on grazing lands

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
559-596
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 22.5 g dry wheat/squirrel x day Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 9 animals Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Home range, population structure, and spatial organization of California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Boellstorff, Diane E. and Donald H. Owings
Pages
551-561
Year
Issue
2
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range range of means for 2 yrs m2 Male Adult 11/yr Camp Ohlone [lat., 37^o29'N; long., 121^o45'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

Natural history of the ground squirrels of California

Author(s)
Grinnel, J. and J.S. Dixon
Pages
597-708
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 61 g Not Reported Juvenile 1 Exposure Factor Datasets 10 d
Citation:

A population study of the Beechey ground squirrel in central California

Author(s)
Evans, F. C. and R. Holdenried
Pages
231-260
Year
Issue
2
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean g Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Santa Clara
Citation:

Summer and autumn breeding of the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Storer, Tracy I.
Pages
235-237
Year
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of means embryos/female Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The annual cycle of the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Tomich, P. Quentin
Pages
213-282
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 163.4 g Both Male and Female 13 Exposure Factor Datasets 7 wks Laboratory

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Reproduction and food habits of Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Bradley, W. Glenn and Roger A. Mauer
Pages
497-507
Year
Issue
3
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition grass seeds (74.2%), annual forb seeds (37.4%), perennial seeds (7.4%), vegetative plant parts (7.4%), insect parts (0.3%), debris (2.7%), unidentified seeds (3%) % occurrence in cheek pouch contents % Not Reported Not Reported 411 Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dispersal distance and the range of nightly movements in Merriam's kangaroo rats

Author(s)
Jones, Thomas W.
Pages
27-34
Year
Issue
1
Volume
70
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Portal Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The ecology of Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami Mearns) on the grazing of lands of southern Arizona

Author(s)
Reynolds, Hudson G.
Pages
112-127
Year
Issue
2
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition grass seeds (49%); forb seeds (33%); shrub seeds (12%); other vegetative parts (5%) % frequency of occurrence in pouch contents % Not Reported Not Reported 1001 pouches Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000-4000 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal water and energy metabolism of the desert dwelling kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A. and M.J. Gruchacz
Pages
1461-1478
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Metabolic Rate log10(L CO2/d) = 0.845log10(BW) - 1.005 field metabolic rate; equation relating whole animal carbon dioxide production rates to body weight (BW, g); r^2=0.466 L CO2/d Not Reported Not Reported 4-9 per mo/15 mo Kelso Sand Dunes (elev., 830-840 m) [lat., 34^o53'30"N, long., 115^o40'20"W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:

Range use patterns and spatial relationships of Merriams's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami)

Author(s)
Behrends, Philip, Martin Daly and Margo I. Wilson
Pages
187-209
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 6 #/ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Boyde Deep Canyon Reserve (elev., 300m) Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 4 wk Female Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo
Citation:

Life history notes on Merriam's kangaroo rat in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Reynolds, Hudson G.
Pages
48-58
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of seasonal body weights g Female Adult 482 Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000 - 4500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Daily and seasonal patterns of activity and energetics in a heteromyid rodent commuinity

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J.
Pages
1201-1219
Year
Issue
6
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Foraging Distance minimum distances moved by individuals on one trap night m Both Male and Female Not Reported 5 males, 6 females Owens Valley (1,220 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides)

Citation:

The reproduction of heteromyid rodents in captivity

Author(s)
Eisenberg, John F. and Donald E. Isaac
Pages
61-67
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 32 d Female Adult 2 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Temporal and spatial demographic patterns in Dipodomys stephensi from Riverside County, California

Author(s)
McClenaghan, Leroy R. Jr. and Ernest Taylor
Pages
636-645
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 19.7 average density over 19 mo study #/ha Both Male and Female Not Reported 87 San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o52'N; long., 117^o7'15"W] Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

An age-structured demographic model for endangered Stephens' kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Price, Mary V. and Patrick A. Kelly
Pages
810-821
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of monthly population densities at two sites #/ha Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Motte Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Ecology of rodents in Indian Cove (Mojave Desert), Joshua Tree National Monument, California

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Bernard B. Butterworth
Pages
203-225
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range in monthly density estimates over 2 yrs #/ha Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Daily and seasonal patterns of activity and energetics in a heteromyid rodent commuinity

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J.
Pages
1201-1219
Year
Issue
6
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality overwinter survival rates for sampled populations, measured for 3 consecutive years Not Reported Not Reported 11-27 individuals/yr Owens Valley (1,220 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Food habits of four species of rodents on a short-grass prairie in Colorado

Author(s)
Flake, Lester D.
Pages
636-647
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Diptera adult (0.5); Coleoptera adult (9.8); Coleoptera egg (0.2); Coleoptera larva (4.8); Hemiptera - Leaf hopper (4.6); Hymenoptera - Ant (0.2); Lepidoptera adult (1.9); Lepidoptera larva (6.0); Orthoptera - Cricket (0.4), Grasshopper (5.6); Spiders (2.4); Centipedes (0.1); Unidentified arthropods (1.7); Tissues of small animals (0.4); Forbs (7.8); Grasses and Sedges (3.4); Shrubs (2.2); Fungi - Endogone (1.1); Lichens (0.4); Mosses (0.1); Seeds (39.0). estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 656 Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bioenergetics of North Plains rodents

Author(s)
Johnson, Donald R. and Karen L. Groepper
Year
Issue
2
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Body Weight - Mean 22.0 g Female Adult 1 captured in North Dakota, Wyoming and Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets Lactating Laboratory
Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus in seasonal environments

Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate range of mean daily weight gains from birth to 30 days g/d Both Male and Female Juvenile 5-45/time Exposure Factor Datasets 0-30 d Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolic rates of Peromyscus maniculatus in winter, spring and summer

Author(s)
Stebbins, Lucius L., Reginald Orich and John Nagy
Pages
99-104
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean g Male Adult 4 animals placed in cages in forest near Lethbridge, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Density cycles in an island population of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drost, Charles A. and Gary M. Fellers
Pages
351-364
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 2 Minimum density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported grassland habitat, Santa Barbara Island [lat.,33^o29' N, long., 119^o02' W] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus and P. boylei) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Jameson, Jr., E.W.
Pages
44-58
Year
Issue
1
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb. - Mar. (begin), Mar. - May (peak), July - Aug. (possible 2nd peak), Aug. - Dec. (end) based on % fecund specimens Both Male and Female Adult 1546 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500-5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets Plumas
Citation:

Dispersion patterns of mice in California annual grassland

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
239-250
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of seasonal changes in density #/acre Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Grass Valley Regional Park Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

Home ranges of the meadow vole and deer mouse (on a reclamation test pit in eastern Montana)

Author(s)
McCann, Steve A.
Pages
11-17
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.25 acres Male Juvenile 4 Consolidation Coal Company test pit, Roundup Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Litter survival of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in nest boxes

Author(s)
Sleeper, Roger A.
Pages
259-260
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 67 survival of juveniles to an age of 4 wks % Both Male and Female Juvenile 19 - 23 litters San Juan Mountains (elev., 3200 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0 - 4 wks
Citation:

Home range relationships of three rodent species in southeast Oregon

Author(s)
Feldhamer, George A.
Pages
50-57
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 372.1 m2 Male Not Reported 29 greasewood habitat, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 108.5 - 603.3 (2-sigma)
Citation:

Growth of seasonal generations in three natural populations of Peromyscus

Author(s)
Gyug, Les W., and John S. Millar
Pages
510-514
Year
Issue
3
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 19.9 g Male Adult 98 Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.19

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

The ecology of the salt-marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) in a diked salt marsh

Author(s)
Geissel, Wolfgang, Howard Shellhammer and H. Thomas Harvey
Pages
696-703
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 1550 m2 Male Adult 4 New Chicago Marsh, San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Intraspecific litter size variation in Microtus californicus: variation within populations

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
29-40
Year
Issue
1
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size see citation figure of mean monthly litter sizes Female Adult 4-33/mo Orinda, Layfayette, Russell Reservation and Sea Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa, Sonoma
Citation:

Nutritional ecology of the California vole: Effects of food quality on reproduction

Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
406-412
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 21 d Both Male and Female Juvenile 24 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.2 mean; height of growing season pups/litter Female Adult 13 Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.8 (95%CI)
Body Weight - Mean g Male Both Adults and Juveniles Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets subadult Contra Costa
Citation:

Analysis of two freely-growing enclosed populations of the California vole

Author(s)
Lidicker, William Z.
Pages
447-466
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of means measured in voles in enclosures in different seasons g Female Adult 5-45/sample Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The demography of low-litter size populations of Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
368-374
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figure of seasonal changes in density #/acre Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Sea Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Sonoma
Citation:

Reproduction in a coastal California population of the field mouse, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Greenwald, Gilbert S.
Pages
421-466
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean g Female Not Reported Not Reported San Francisco Bay, San Rafael Exposure Factor Datasets Marin non-pregnant

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

Abundance and dispersion of leporids within a shortgrass ecosystem

Author(s)
Flinders, Jerran T. and Richard M. Hansen
Pages
287-291
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 6.6 #/mi2 Not Reported Not Reported 31 Pawnee National Grasslands Exposure Factor Datasets 5.4 - 7.8 (95% CL)

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Movement patterns of brush rabbits in northwestern California

Author(s)
Shields, Paul W.
Pages
381-386
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 278 mean range diameter ft Male Adult 32 Humboldt Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Longevity 10.2 measured from time of capture to time of last capture or radio-telemetry location mo Both Male and Female Adult 6 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.8 SE

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly averages (Jan.-Dec.) lbs Female Adult 1-5 foxes/month Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Reproduction and spacing patterns of kit foxes relative to changing prey availability

Author(s)
White, Patrick J. and Katherine Ralls
Pages
861-867
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density minimum densities of foxes in study area over three years fox /4.1 km2 - 1 fox / 6.5 km2 Both Male and Female Adult 15-22 foxes/year Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Factors regulating kit fox populations

Author(s)
White, P.J. and Robert A. Garrott
Pages
1982-1988
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris ssp. nereis)

Citation:

Abundance, distribution, and behavior of the southern sea otter (Enydra lutris nereis) in a California estuary

Author(s)
Feinholz, Daniela M.
Pages
105-116
Year
Volume
24.2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of densities for entire study area for 2 yrs #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Elkhorn Slough Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. austerus)

Citation:

The effect of extra food on small rodents populations: deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Author(s)
Taitt, M.J.
Pages
111-124
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range 1615 elliptical home range based on distribution of capture points m2 Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Douglas fir forest, Vancouver Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Energetics of the prairie deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii

Author(s)
Morris, John G. and S. Charles Kendeigh
Pages
368-76
Year
Issue
2
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.90 productive energy in captive animals at 0 C kcal/animal/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Seed preferences in wild caught Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii and Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis

Author(s)
Drickamer, Lee C.
Pages
191-194
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 0.934 mean weekly consumption per g body weight (seed diet) g/g/wk Both Male and Female Adult 30 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii), Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. neomexicanus)

Citation:

Attempts to breed cottontail rabbits in captivity

Author(s)
Dice, L. R.
Pages
225-229
Year
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Adult 3 litters captured in Rago, Kansas Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 23.1 g Female Adult 47 captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets day of parturition 0.3 SE Laboratory
Survival/ Mortality 0 over-winter survival % Male Adult 8 Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.24 mean dry stomach content mass g Female Adult 60 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.03 SE
Time of Mating/ Laying January, August-October annual reproductive peaks Female Adult 1085 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)

Citation:

Growth in two subspecies of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drickamer, Lee C. and Joan Bernstein
Pages
228-231
Year
Issue
1
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 7.3 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 90 captured in Nebraska Exposure Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis

Author(s)
Millar, John S.
Pages
1280-1284
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 0.17 average daily food intake g/g/d Female Adult 49 captured in Alberta, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets non-breeding Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)

Citation:

Comparative population ecology of Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Wolff, Jerry O.
Pages
1548-1555
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.4 based on embryo counts #/litter Female Adult 52 Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles County [lat., 37^010'N; long., 80^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.07 SE

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)

Citation:

An altitudinal survey of reproduction in Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Dunmire, William W.
Pages
174-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.88 potential litter size; estimated using the larger of corpora lutea count or embryo sites #/litter Female Adult 26 White Mountain (elev.,12,400 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono 0.46 SE

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. arizonae)

Citation:

Reproduction in the Audubon cottontail in Arizona

Author(s)
Sowls, Lyle K.
Pages
234-243
Year
Issue
2
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.9 estimated by embryo counts young/litter Female Adult 56 southern portion of state Exposure Factor Datasets

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. vallicola)

Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range acres Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. ubericolor)

Citation:

Organ weights and sexual dimorphism of the brush rabbit

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A.
Pages
453-455
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 732.25 g Female Adult 45 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 80.85 SD

Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)

Citation:

Activity rhythms in the shrews, Sorex sinuosus Grinnell and Sorex trowbridgii Baird

Author(s)
Rust, Aileen K.
Pages
369-382
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 1.26 g/g/d Both Male and Female Adult 3 captured at San Pablo Bay, Sonoma CA Exposure Factor Datasets breeding 0.03 SE Laboratory

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Bats of America

Author(s)
Barbour, R.W. and W.H. Davis
Pages
285
Publisher
University of Kentucky Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Circannual rhythms of body weight in pallid bats

Author(s)
Beasley, Laura J., Kimberly M. Pelz and Irving Zucker
Pages
R955-R958
Year
Issue
6
Volume
246
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 36.0 g Female Adult 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.9 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Molt May-Aug. Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Growth and development of young pallid bats, Antrozous pallidus

Author(s)
Davis, Russell
Pages
729-736
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity >1 yr Male Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
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