Mammals

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Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Coyote, Canis latrans, ecology in a rural-urban environment

Author(s)
Atkinson, K.T. and D.M. Shackleton
Pages
49-54
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Dietary Composition microtines (70.2%); rabbits (8.1%); domestic livestock (4.3%); passerines (2%); other mammals (4.7%); plants (10.3%); misc. (0.3%) % scat volume % Not Reported Not Reported 862 Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Home Range 7.7 95% home range estimated by minimum convex polygon method km2 Male Adult 6 Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 4.2 SD
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
174-181
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.29 pre-whelping density #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.2 pups/litter Female Adult 16 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Trinidad (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Winter foraging patterns and consumption rates of northern Wisconsin coyotes

Author(s)
Huegel, Craig N. and Orrin J. Rongstad
Pages
203-207
Year
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate % body weight/d based on a deer and snowshoe hare diet %/d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 animals/ 1-2 time periods Chequamegon National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits and average weights of a fall-winter sample of eastern coyotes, Canis latrans

Author(s)
Moore, Gary C. and John S. Millar
Pages
105-106
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 16.64 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Male Adult 50 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 11.42 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Female Juvenile 80 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Population characteristics of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the northern Chihuahuan desert of New Mexico

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Steven M. Ebbert and Brian T. Kelly
Pages
197-207
Year
Volume
138
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Home Range 25.9 85% harmonic mean estimate of home range for "transient" class km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12 Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 6.5 SE
Body Weight - Mean 11.6 kg Male Adult 21 Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >3 yrs 1.4 SE
Citation:

Use of food items by sex and age classes of coyotes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L., Kenneth A. Spencer and Jerry H. Scrivner
Pages
42-47
Year
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Dietary Composition leporid (57.6%); rodent (27.1%); livestock (27.1%); bird (20.3%); insect (11.9%); other (25.4%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile 59 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Kern
Dietary Composition leporid (62.7%); rodent (19.4%); livestock (17.9%); bird (14.9%); insect (41.8%); other (26.9%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile 59 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets <1 yr Kern
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in Iowa

Author(s)
Andrews, Ronald D. and Edward K. Boggess
Pages
249-265
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition rabbits (51.0%); mice (12.3%); other mammals (8.0%); birds (2.7%); plants (0.3%); misc. (0.2%) % volume of food items in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 222 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote morphometric characteristics and mass dynamics in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L.
Pages
360-365
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 2.2 kg Female Pup 19 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.1 SE
Body Weight - Mean 10.2 kg Female Adult 53 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2 yr Kern 0.2 SE
Citation:

Physical development in coyotes (Canis latrans), with a comparison to other canids

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc and Robert Jamieson
Pages
685-692
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 274 g Both Male and Female Neonate 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 0d Laboratory
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968

Author(s)
Nellis, Carl H. and Lloyd B. Keith
Pages
389-399
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Survival/ Mortality 71 mortality rate % Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets 0 - 1 yr CANADA
Citation:

Diets of three predators at Concord Naval Weapons Station, Contra Costa County, California

Author(s)
Kuenzi, Amy J., Marylisa Lynch, Dirk Van Vuren, Ivette Loredo and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
64-67
Year
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Mammals: Spermophilus beecheyi (43%); Microtus californicus (30%); Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis (43%); Lepus californicus (17%); Thomomys bottae (4%); Insects (13%); Seeds and berries (13%); Herbaceous vegetation (17%); Wheat (Avena spp.) (13%) % of scats containing each prey item % Not Reported Not Reported 23 Concord Naval Weapons Station Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Average litter size of the coyote in Tennessee

Author(s)
Kennedy, Michael L., Jeffrey G. Babb, Robert M. Lee and Charles Lydeard
Pages
61-62
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.0 estimated by placental scars young/litter Female Adult 59 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Berg, William E. and Robert A. Chesness
Pages
229-247
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition deer (41.8%); livestock (23.3%); mice (3.6%); porcupine (4.0%); snowshoe hare (12.8%); striped skunk (2.0%); red squirrel (0.7%); muskrat (1.8%); beaver (0.6%); racoon (0.2%); ruffed grouse (1.0%); bird (0.1%); poultry (1.4%); unknown (2.0%) % weight of item in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 1204 Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Metabolism and body temperature of two desert canids: Coyotes and kit foxes

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
624 - 635
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.0034 summer basal metabolic rate watts/g Both Male and Female Adult 12 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Breeding habits of captive long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata)

Author(s)
Wright, Philip L.
Pages
338-344
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutches or Litters per year 1 litter/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The sexual cycle of the male long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata)

Author(s)
Wright, Philip L.
Pages
343-352
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 287 g Male Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Physical characteristics of striped skunks in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Fuller, Todd K., David W. Kuehn, Pamela L. Coy and Randy K. Markl
Pages
371-374
Year
Issue
2
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 1.65 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 10 animals Bearville study area; Itasca county Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5 years 0.07 SE
Citation:

Reproduction of the striped skunk in New York

Author(s)
Hamilton, W. J.
Pages
123-124
Year
Issue
1
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.8 examination of reproductive tract embryos Female Neonate 40 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Parameters of population and seasonal activity of striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, in Alberta and Saskatchewan

Author(s)
Schowalter, David B. and John R. Gunson
Pages
409-420
Year
Issue
4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 0.07 kg Female Juvenile 6 juveniles Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.1 SD
Citation:

Biology of striped skunks on a southwestern Lake Erie Marsh

Author(s)
Bailey, Theodore N.
Pages
196-207
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying mid February-mid March Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Magee Marsh; Ottawa natll. wildlife refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biology of the striped skunk

Author(s)
Verts, B. J.
Pages
182
Publisher
University of Illinois Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb/Mar Both Male and Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:

Autumn movement and home range of sea otters in California

Author(s)
Ribic, Christine A.
Pages
795-801
Year
Issue
3
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Home Range 4.7 km^2 Female Adult 8 Santa Cruz to San Luis Obispo Exposure Factor Datasets Residents 2.9 SD
Citation:

Breeding patterns and reproductive success of California sea otters

Author(s)
Riedman, Marianne L., James A. Estes, Michelle M. Staedler, Alisa A. Giles and David R. Carlson
Pages
391-399
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.4 pre-weaning survival rate (mothers aged 3-6 years) Female Adult 5 Monterey Bay Exposure Factor Datasets 3-6 years Monterey
Citation:

Metabolism and thermoregulation in the sea otter

Author(s)
Morrison, Peter, Mario Rosenmann and James E. Estes
Pages
218-229
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.85 average basal metabolic rate in water cc O2/g x hr Not Reported Not Reported 13 Exposure Factor Datasets fasted Laboratory
Citation:

Annual reproduction, dependency period, and apparent gestation period in two California sea otters, Enydra lutris

Author(s)
Loughlin, Thomas R., Jack A. Ames, and Judson E. Vandevere
Pages
347-349
Year
Issue
2
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Duration of Incubation or Gestation range of estimated gestation period, based on observations mo Female Adult 2 otters near Monterey Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) II: Milk intake

Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 120.0 daily weight gain during 1st mo of life g/d Female Pup 7 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 5-30 d 8.16 SE
Citation:

Foraging chracteristics of female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursius) and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
Antonelis, George A., Brent S. Stewart and Wayne F. Perryman
Pages
150-158
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (65%); Pacific Whiting (52%); market squid (13%) % occurrence of most frequent prey in scats % Female Adult 23 animals Adams Cove, San Miguel Island [lat., 34^o01'55"N; long., 120^o26'25" W] Exposure Factor Datasets post-partum
Citation:

Spring and summer prey of California sea lions, Zalophus californianus, at San Miguel Island, California 1978-79

Author(s)
Antonelis, George A., Clifford H. Fiscus and Robert L. DeLong
Pages
67-76
Year
Issue
1
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Pacific whiting (48.7%); market squid (46.7%); juvenile rockfish (35.9%); northern anchovy (20.0%); red octopus (9.7%); jack mackerel (4.6%); nail squid (4.6%); squid (4.1%);chub mackerel (3.6%); Pacific pompano (2.5%); California lantern fish (2.5%) % occurrence of major prey (>1%) in scats % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 224 scats San Miguel Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Thermoregulation and resting metabolic rate of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups

Author(s)
Thompson, Steven, D., Kathryn A. Ono, Olav T. Oftedal and Daryl J. Boness
Pages
730-736
Year
Issue
6
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.78 resting metabolic rate measured over a range of ambient temperatures (16-25C) ml O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Pup 39 captured at San Nicolas Island, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 3-5 wks 0.10 Laboratory

San Joaquin Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni)

Citation:

Ammospermophilus nelsoni

Author(s)
Best, Troy L., Amy S. Titus, Cynthia L. Lewis and Katharine Caesar
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
367
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight, fat, and behaviour of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Author(s)
Holekamp, Kay E. and Scott Nunes
Pages
1425-1433
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean 707 g Male Adult 306 University of California, Santa Cruz Campus ( elev., 120 m) [lat., 37^0W; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz reproductively active
Citation:

Natural history of the ground squirrels of California

Author(s)
Grinnel, J. and J.S. Dixon
Pages
597-708
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 1 litter/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hibernation and sociality in the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Dobson, F. Stephen and David E. Davis
Pages
416-421
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Torpor or Hibernation see citation figure of seasonal activity patterns, including hibernation Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Santa Barbara; Bell Ranch; Hastings Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Latitude and litter size of the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Gordon S. Lind
Pages
101-105
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of means for 2 sites young/litter Female Adult 9-13/site Douglas and Benton counties {lat., 43-44.5^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The annual cycle of the California ground squirrel

Author(s)
Tomich, P. Quentin
Pages
213-282
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 9.3 g Both Male and Female 34 Exposure Factor Datasets 0 wks Laboratory

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Reproduction and food habits of Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Bradley, W. Glenn and Roger A. Mauer
Pages
497-507
Year
Issue
3
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.6 estimated by embryo counts pups /litter Female Adult 163 Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Consumption of herbaceaous vegetation and water during reproduction and development of Merriam's Kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami

Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
445-457
Year
Issue
2
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 10.7 estimated from food intake (rolled oats and carrots) g/d Female Adult 4-9 captured in Clark County, NV Exposure Factor Datasets lactating Laboratory
Citation:

The ecology of Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami Mearns) on the grazing of lands of southern Arizona

Author(s)
Reynolds, Hudson G.
Pages
112-127
Year
Issue
2
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 9 winters Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000-4000 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative ecology of sympatric Dipodomys agilis and Dipodomys merriami in southern California

Author(s)
McClenaghan, Leroy R.
Pages
175-185
Year
Issue
14
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 8.3 mean length of life at study site mo Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Jacumba (elev., 988 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Range use patterns and spatial relationships of Merriams's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami)

Author(s)
Behrends, Philip, Martin Daly and Margo I. Wilson
Pages
187-209
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range range of mean home range in 3 study periods estimated by radiotelemetry ha Female Adult 7-10 Boyde Deep Canyon Reserve (elev., 300m) Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 36.2 g Male Adult 162 Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 3.7 SD
Citation:

Life history notes on Merriam's kangaroo rat in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Reynolds, Hudson G.
Pages
48-58
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.373 average range; estimated as enclosed space occupied by used traps plus one-half distance to closest unused trap acres Female Adult 13 Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000 - 4500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative population ecology of eleven species of rodents in the Chihuahuan Desert

Author(s)
Brown, J. H. and Z. Zeng
Pages
46-63
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 42.8 g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 968 Portal, Cochise County (elev. 1330 m) Exposure Factor Datasets

San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides)

Citation:

The reproduction of heteromyid rodents in captivity

Author(s)
Eisenberg, John F. and Donald E. Isaac
Pages
61-67
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2.3 pups/litter Female Adult 12 litters Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:

Temporal and spatial demographic patterns in Dipodomys stephensi from Riverside County, California

Author(s)
McClenaghan, Leroy R. Jr. and Ernest Taylor
Pages
636-645
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality range of minimum rate of survival of individuals in the trappable population per mo, measured over 19 mo at 3 sites Both Male and Female Adult 110-234 Lake Mathews [lat., 33^o50'N; long., 117^o27'30"W]; Motte Rimrock Reserve [lat., 33^o47'30"N; long., 117^o15'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o52'N; long., 117^o7'15"W] Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:

An age-structured demographic model for endangered Stephens' kangaroo rat

Author(s)
Price, Mary V. and Patrick A. Kelly
Pages
810-821
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Growth Rate 19.00 (20-29g); 8.82 (30-39g); 8.80 (40-49g); 0.94 (60-69g) mass specific growth rates pooled by sex and site expressed as change in body mass per mo for 4 weight classes (20-69g) g/mo Both Male and Female Not Reported 1-125/site and sex Motte Rimrock Reserve and San Jacinto Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:

Seasonal reproductive patterns in five coexisting California desert rodent species

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.75 pups/litter Female Adult 16 Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 0.77 SD
Citation:

Daily and seasonal patterns of activity and energetics in a heteromyid rodent commuinity

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J.
Pages
1201-1219
Year
Issue
6
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Foraging Distance < 50 maximum distance moved by individuals in one trap night m Not Reported Not Reported 219 Owens Valley (1,220 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Density cycles in an island population of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drost, Charles A. and Gary M. Fellers
Pages
351-364
Year
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 372 maximum density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported grassland habitat, Santa Barbara Island, [lat.,33^o29' N, long., 119^o02' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 30 SD
Population Density 17 minimum density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Coreopsis habitat, Santa Barbara Island [lat.,33^o29' N, long., 119^o02' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 8 SD
Citation:

Individual consistency of maximal oxygen consumption in deer mice

Author(s)
Hayes, J.P. and M.A. Chappell
Pages
495-503
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of oxygen consumption rates at different temperature, altitude and exercise regimes ml O2/min Both Male and Female Adult 25-213 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Breeding by Peromyscus in seasonal environments

Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of body weights for ages 3-30 days g Both Male and Female Juvenile 5-37/time Exposure Factor Datasets 3-30 d Laboratory
Citation:

Life History Parameters in Mice Exposed to a Prolonged Drought

Author(s)
Morton, Martin L., Michael L. Morrison, Linnea S. Hall and Maria E. Pereyra
Pages
18-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Fat (total or %) 0.6 total body fat g Female Adult 21 Pinyon-juniper zone near Westgard Pass (elev., 2500 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo 0.3 SD
Citation:

Reproduction of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus and P. boylei) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Jameson, Jr., E.W.
Pages
44-58
Year
Issue
1
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity based on presence of swollen tubules of cauda epididymides and enlarged seminal vesicles, ages inferred from body weights d Male Adult 1546 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500-5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets Plumas
Citation:

Food relationships of a rodent fauna in a California coastal sage scrub community

Author(s)
Meserve, Peter L.
Pages
300-319
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition see citation monthly % volume of food items (detailed species-specific list) in feces % Both Male and Female Not Reported 15-47/mo Irvine Ranch Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Home ranges of the meadow vole and deer mouse (on a reclamation test pit in eastern Montana)

Author(s)
McCann, Steve A.
Pages
11-17
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.51 acres Male Adult 8 Consolidation Coal Company test pit, Roundup Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The ecology of the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus in a coastal coniferous forest. II. Reproduction

Author(s)
Sadleir, R.M.F.S.
Pages
119-131
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.52 based on embryo counts #/litter Female Adult 57 University of British Columbia Research Forest Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.16 SD
Citation:

Body composition, energy content, and lipid cycles of four species of rodents

Author(s)
Fleharty, Eugene D., M. E. Krause and Dan P. Stinnett
Pages
426-438
Year
Issue
2
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Fat (total or %) lipid content as % dry body weight % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 12 /season Ellis County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive pattern in four coexisting rodent species from the Cascade Mountains, Washington

Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and Barnes, B. M.
Year
Issue
2
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 16.5 g Female Adult 45 Cascade Mountains, Fish Lake [lat., 47^o, 49'N; long., 120^o, 40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets non-pregnant 2.3 SD

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

A population study of the harvest mice (Reithrodontomys raviventris Dixon) in the Palo Alto Baylands Salt Marsh

Author(s)
Wondolleck, John T., William Zolan and Gary L. Stevens
Pages
52-64
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 2/19 2 out of 19 juveniles reached adult size survival ratio Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Palo Alto Baylands Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Supression of growth and reproduction of microtine rodents by social factors

Author(s)
Batzli, G. O., Lowell L. Getz, and Sarah S. Hurley
Pages
583-591
Year
Issue
4
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Microhabitat heterogeneity and population ecology of an herbivorous rodent, Microtus califonicus

Author(s)
Cockburn, A., and W. Z. Lidicker, Jr.
Pages
167-177
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Body Weight - Mean range of mean values for 4 grids over 3 yrs g Female Adult 1 - 24 Russell Reservation, Berkeley Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa non-breeding
Citation:

Intraspecific litter size variation in Microtus californicus II. variation between populations

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
1174-1182
Year
Issue
6
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 5.23 inhabiting annual grassland enclosure pups/litter Female Adult 42 captured in Contra Costa County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0.33 SE Laboratory
Growth Rate 2.9 change in body weight g/wk Male Juvenile 18 captured in Sonoma County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Analysis of two freely-growing enclosed populations of the California vole

Author(s)
Lidicker, William Z.
Pages
447-466
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size pups/litter Female Adult 35 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean >40 g Male Adult Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Reproduction in a coastal California population of the field mouse, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Greenwald, Gilbert S.
Pages
421-466
Year
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - June major breeding season Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay, San Rafael Exposure Factor Datasets Marin

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:

Sylvilagus audubonii

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Gale R. Willner
Pages
1-4
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Observations of the growth of young brush rabbits

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
298-302
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 25.5 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Golden Gate Park, San Francisco Exposure Factor Datasets 3 d

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 200 denning range (area enclosing occupied den sites) ha Both Male and Female Adult 16 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range approximate range of individual foxes mi2 Both Male and Female Adult 12 foxes Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition early February Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Competetive interactions between coyotes and San Joaquin kit foxes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L. and Kenneth A. Spencer
Pages
204-214
Year
Issue
1
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Survival/ Mortality 79.8 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years % Not Reported Juvenile 177 foxes Naval Petroleum Reserves in California Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 4.5 SE

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)

Citation:

Preliminary studies of the kit fox in Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
351-357
Year
Issue
3
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 3.6 pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 9 individuals Tooele County, west. UT, elev. 4300-4800 ft Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. austerus)

Citation:

The effect of extra food on small rodents populations: deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Author(s)
Taitt, M.J.
Pages
111-124
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality see citation figure of percent survival of juveniles and sub-adults % Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Douglas fir forest, Vancouver Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:

Energetics of the prairie deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii

Author(s)
Morris, John G. and S. Charles Kendeigh
Pages
368-76
Year
Issue
2
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.592 calculated for free-living animals kcal/g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Ambient temperature and rainfall: an effect on sex ratio and litter size in deer mice

Author(s)
Myers, Philip, Lawrence L. Master and R. Angelitos Garrett
Pages
289-298
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 5.0 "not high" temperature group #/litter Both Male and Female Neonate 150 captured pregnant mice in spring at Ann Arbor, MI Exposure Factor Datasets 0 d Laboratory
Citation:

Food of Mus musculus, Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi and Peromyscus leucopus in Vigo County, Indiana

Author(s)
Whitaker, John O., Jr.
Pages
473 - 486
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition lepidopterous larvae (15.4%); misc. vegetation (14.7%); wheat seeds (11.8%); soybeans (10.5%); unidentified seeds (7.2%); corn (5.6%); green vegetation (5.1%); coleoptera (3.6%); Lespedeza seeds (2.3%) % volume of major (>2%) food items in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 444 Vigo County Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:

Demographic and life cycle characteristics of montane deer mice

Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition Countries Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 20.34 g Female Adult 40 captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets Non-breeding 0.42 SE Laboratory
Survival/ Mortality 80 average summer survival per 14 d % Both Male and Female Adult 877 Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets "overwintered adults" CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis), Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. maniculatus)

Citation:

Growth of seasonal generations in three natural populations of Peromyscus

Author(s)
Gyug, Les W., and John S. Millar
Pages
510-514
Year
Issue
3
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Growth Rate see citation figures of weight versus age (20-90d) Male Both Adults and Juveniles 90 - 363 Heart Lake Biological Station, Northwest Territories and Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets 20 - 90 d CANADA

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:

Seasonal activity and feeding patterns in a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii)

Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.28 mean dry stomach content mass g Female Juvenile 38 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.05 SE

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. labecula)

Citation:

Growth in two subspecies of Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Drickamer, Lee C. and Joan Bernstein
Pages
228-231
Year
Issue
1
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 21.2 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 93 captured in Mexico Exposure Factor Datasets 63 d Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)

Citation:

Life cycle characteristics of Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis

Author(s)
Millar, John S.
Pages
1280-1284
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate 0.95 mean growth g/d Not Reported Juvenile 156 Exposure Factor Datasets 18-21 d Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)

Citation:

Comparative population ecology of Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Wolff, Jerry O.
Pages
1548-1555
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 15.9 g Male Adult 85 Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles County [lat., 37^010'N; long., 80^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.21 SE

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)

Citation:

The skin and respiratory water losses of Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis

Author(s)
Chew, Robert M.
Pages
463-467
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 4.38 average daily water intake (2.65 ml drunk + 0.56 ml free H2O in food + 1.17 ml H2O of oxidation) ml/d Not Reported Adult 11/group; 5 groups Mice trapped near Palmdale, Los Angeles County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. arizonae)

Citation:

Reproduction in the Audubon cottontail in Arizona

Author(s)
Sowls, Lyle K.
Pages
234-243
Year
Issue
2
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Body Weight - Mean 860 g Female Adult 40 southern portion of state Exposure Factor Datasets non-pregnant

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. neomexicanus)

Citation:

Onset of the breeding season and size of first litters in two species of cottontails from southwestern Texas

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Raymond P. Morgan II
Pages
277-280
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.60 young/litter Female Adult 10 Big Lake Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. ubericolor)

Citation:

Organ weights and sexual dimorphism of the brush rabbit

Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A.
Pages
453-455
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 661.47 g Female Adult 38 E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets 66.73 SD

Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)

Citation:

Minimum and maximum metabolic rates of Sorex sinuosus

Author(s)
Newman, James R. and Robert L. Rudd
Pages
371-380
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate range of mean maximal metabolic rates at 20C cc O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 9-22/season captured at Suisun and San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Bats of America

Author(s)
Barbour, R.W. and W.H. Davis
Pages
285
Publisher
University of Kentucky Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolic strategies of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus) during reproduction

Author(s)
Beasley, Laura J. and Michael Leon
Pages
159-166
Year
Issue
1
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Metabolic Rate see citation no values reported; see figures in paper Female Adult 30 Napa Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Napa breeding
Citation:

Social effects of roosting on the metabolism of the pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Author(s)
Trune, Dennis R., and C.N. Slobodchikoff
Pages
656-663
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 23.3 g Female Juvenile 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Growth and development of young pallid bats, Antrozous pallidus

Author(s)
Davis, Russell
Pages
729-736
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition mid-June Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
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