Mammals

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California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:
Author(s)
Lidicker, William Z., and Richard S. Ostfield
Pages
108-121
Year
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Body Fat (total or %) see citation figure relating fat content to body weight g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 44 Brooks Island, San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Body Weight - Mean "extra large" body weight (12.6 % of population) g Male Adult 121 Brooks Island, San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets >25 d Contra Costa
Citation:
Author(s)
Krebs, Charles J.
Pages
239-273
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of minimum # alive in 8 areas at 103 weekly intervals #/acre Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Oct. - Aug. based on % scrotal males and performate females; overall range varied by location and year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Tilden Regional Park and Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Batzli, George O.
Pages
406-412
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 3.7 young/litter Female Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.3 SE Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.3 mean; dry season pups/litter Female Adult 6 Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 1.1 (95%CI)
Time of Mating/ Laying Sept/Oct. - May/June breeding; > 50% in reproductive condition Both Male and Female Adult Richmond Field Station and Russel Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:
Author(s)
Batzli, G. O., and F. Russell Cole
Pages
740-750
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 450 metabolizable energy; equivalent to average daily metabolic rate cal/g/d Not Reported 5 Exposure Factor Datasets 28 d or older 16 SE Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Ostfeld, Richard S., William Z. Lidicker, Jr. and Edward J. Heske
Pages
433-442
Year
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 550 peak density #/ha Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Russell Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)

Citation:
Author(s)
deCalesta, David S.
Pages
549-553
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses, 20 species (0 - 21.6%); Forbs, 16 species (0 - 12.4%); Shrubs, 1 species (1.1%); Cactus, 1 species (1.9%) range of % composition of species; estimated as sum of all fragments per food species from all stomachs divided by sum of fragments from all stomachs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 29 Fort Collins, Larimer County (elev. 1650-2200 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Dec. - June time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:
Author(s)
Connell, Joseph H.
Pages
392-405
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.9 #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 2.3 #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 26 Berkeley Hills Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Shields, Paul W.
Pages
381-386
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 191 mean range diameter ft Female Juvenile 22 Humboldt Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Humboldt
Citation:
Author(s)
Orr, R.T.
Pages
1-227
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity maturity based on presence of adult pelage mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:
Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 1936 g Female Adult 13 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 64 SE

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:
Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition February-March Female Adult Not Reported Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:
Author(s)
White, Patrick J., Callie A. Vanderbilt White and Katherine Ralls
Pages
370-376
Year
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition deer mice (10.8%), kangaroo rats (8.4%), pocket gophers (2.9%), pocket mice (20.0%), woodrats (0.6%), ground squirrels (6.4%), birds (7.5%), insects (33.5%), leporids (4.7%), reptiles (2.0%), percentage occurrence of prey types in feces % Both Male and Female Adult 834 feces Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)

Citation:
Author(s)
Daneke, Dennis, Melvin Sunquist and Stephen Berwick
Pages
361-362
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 1.4 calculated with Minimum Area Method km2 Female Adult 4 Pine Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 0.7 SD

Fresno Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides ssp. exilis)

Citation:
Author(s)
Culbertson, A.E.
Pages
189-193
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 2.2 g Both Male and Female Neonate 7 adults captured near Fresno Exposure Factor Datasets at birth Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii)

Citation:
Author(s)
Cronin, Kim L. and Eric L. Bradley
Pages
669-673
Year
Issue
4
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of means for 6 sampling periods after founding g Both Male and Female Adult 16-30/group Exposure Factor Datasets 80 - 97 d Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Myers, Philip and Lawrence L. Master
Pages
1-18
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Body Weight - Mean Range of mean body weights for females with varying litter sizes (2-9) g Female Adult 3 - 97 Exposure Factor Datasets Gestating - Lactating Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Dice, Lee R.
Pages
29-47
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 0.126 total daily water intake (water drunk + water in food) at 21C cc/g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. borealis)

Citation:
Author(s)
Millar, J.S.
Pages
510-515
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 33.6 g Female Adult 45 Original pairs trapped at Heart Lake, Northwest Territories Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 d postpartum 0.7 SE Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Millar, John S. and Duncan G. Innes
Pages
574-585
Year
Issue
3
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1.70 g Both Male and Female Neonate 165 adults captured at Kananaskis Valley, Alberta [lat., 51 N] Exposure Factor Datasets 0.02 SE Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Stebbins, L.L.
Pages
1701-1704
Year
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 23.9 g Female Adult 8 captured in Lethbridge, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets lactating (end) 0.47 SE Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. gambelii)

Citation:
Author(s)
Seabloom, Robert W., Robert G. Schwab and Susan C. Loeb
Pages
2238-2243
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Food Ingestion Rate 0.24 mean dry stomach content mass g Male Adult 121 Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (1230 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou 0.02 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
McNab, Brian K., and Peter Morrison
Pages
63-82
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 19.1 g Not Reported Not Reported 29 collected near Berkeley, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0.13 SE Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)

Citation:
Author(s)
Drickamer, Lee C. and Joan Bernstein
Pages
228-231
Year
Issue
1
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 2.1 g Male Neonate 33 captured in Nebraska Exposure Factor Datasets 1 d 0.1 SE Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Hayward, J. S.
Pages
309-323
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate MR = 9.401 - 0.254T equation relating metabolic rate (MR, cc O2/g/hr) to ambient temperature (0-27C) cc O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nubiterrae)

Citation:
Author(s)
Wolff, Jerry O.
Pages
1548-1555
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality proportion remaining on grid over 2 wk intervals Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5-71/group Mountain Lake Biological Station, Giles County [lat., 37^010'N; long., 80^o30' W] Exposure Factor Datasets

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. sonoriensis)

Citation:
Author(s)
Dunmire, William W.
Pages
174-182
Year
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 5.06 potential litter size estimated using the larger of corpora lutea count or embryo sites #/litter Female Adult 72 White Mountain (elev., 9,800 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono 0.16 SE

Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. arizonae)

Citation:
Author(s)
Stout, Gene G.
Pages
47-51
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Aug. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult 101 Phoenix Exposure Factor Datasets

Riparian Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius)

Citation:
Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-22
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range review reported home range for males was 957m2 for males and 244 m2 for females (from unpublished reports) Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Caswell Memorial State Park Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. ubericolor)

Citation:
Author(s)
Chapman, Joseph A. and Amy L. Harman
Pages
816-823
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 1+ maturity based on amount of sperm in epididymides yr Male Adult Not Reported E.E. Wilson Game Management Area, Corvallis Exposure Factor Datasets

Ornate Shrew (Sorex ornatus)

Citation:
Author(s)
Rudd, Robert L.
Pages
323-338
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of mean monthly weights g Male Adult 3-10/mo San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Owen, James G. and Robert S. Hoffman
Pages
1-5
Year
Volume
212
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Molt review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:
Author(s)
Hermanson, John W. and Thomas J. O'Shea
Pages
1-8
Year
Volume
213
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Beasley, Laura J., Kimberly M. Pelz and Irving Zucker
Pages
R955-R958
Year
Issue
6
Volume
246
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 32.6 g Male Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets Napa 0.9 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal mid-Oct. time of dispersal of summer roost colonies Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Citation:
Author(s)
Brown, Patricia
Pages
34-54
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 7-10 age at weaning wks Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 bats Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:
Author(s)
Barrett, Reginald H.
Pages
184-192
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition rodents (27.7%); rabbits (2.9%); carnivores (1.1%); ungulates (28.5%); birds (2.4%); reptiles (1.2%); fish (0.3%); invertebrates (1.9%); vegetable matter (34.0%) annual average % relative frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 1042 scats Red Bluff Exposure Factor Datasets Tehama
Citation:
Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
640-646
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 106.5 mean annual home range of transient coyotes km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 16 Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310-1740 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 27.7 SD
Citation:
Author(s)
Litvaitis, John A. and James H. Shaw
Pages
62-68
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 39.9 minimum area home range km2 Female Juvenile 4 Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 27.6 SD
Citation:
Author(s)
Pyrah, Duane
Pages
670-690
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 7.8 mean den area; land area around a den or rendezvous used by group km2 Female Adult 3 Missouri River Breaks Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Richard M. Engeman and Jeffrey F. Bromaghin
Pages
47 - 52
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 8.0 kg Female Juvenile 50 Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] Exposure Factor Datasets 1.0 yr 0.1 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
Ferrel, Carol M., Howard R. Leach and Daniel F. Tillotson
Pages
301-341
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition rodent (19.2%); deer (5.0%); other stock (12.4%); rabbit (41.5%); misc. (12.4%); sheep (6.6%); bird (2.1%); vegetation (0.8%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 94 eastern region Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Berg, William E. and Robert A. Chesness
Pages
229-247
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights kg Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported Aitkin and Itasca counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Camenzind, Franz J.
Pages
267-296
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 0.53 #/km2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported National Elk Refuge, Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets 0.04 SD
Citation:
Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc and Robert Jamieson
Pages
685-692
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 2724 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets 56d Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Nellis, Carl H. and Lloyd B. Keith
Pages
389-399
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Home Range 6.0 mean distance moved by coyotes marked in 1964-1968 and relocated by 1976 km Both Male and Female Adult 18 Rochester, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.6 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
Kuenzi, Amy J.
Pages
9-11
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Seeds (54.8%); Fruit (56.9%); Insects (44.1%); California voles (12.9%); Lagomorphs (10.8%); Cricetine rodents (62.4%); Birds (5.4%); Califorina ground squirrels (4.3%); Gophers (2.2%); Amphibians/Reptiles (2.2%) overall % frequency of occurrence of prey items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 93 scats Lemoore Naval Air Station Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno, Kings

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:
Author(s)
Smith, Dwight G.
Pages
96 - 98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition black-tailed hare (61.4%), cottontail rabbit (7.7%); also Ord's kangaroo rat, deer mouse, pocket mouse, horned lark, unident. passerine, beetle proportion of total prey items identified in stomach contents Both Male and Female Adult 18 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:
Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C.
Pages
412-415
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 18 % body weight consumed/d Both Male and Female Adult 7 captured at Delta, Manitoba, Canada Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Johnson, Donald R.
Pages
2277-2279
Year
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 98.9 g Female Adult 17 northern/central ID and Whitman County, WA Exposure Factor Datasets 14.4 SD
Citation:
Author(s)
Sheffield, Steven R. and Howard H. Thomas
Pages
1-9
Year
Volume
570
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:
Author(s)
Fuller, Todd K., David W. Kuehn, Pamela L. Coy and Randy K. Markl
Pages
371-374
Year
Issue
2
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 2.85 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles 15 animals Bearville study area; Itasca county Exposure Factor Datasets > 2 years 0.22 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
452-455
Year
Issue
2
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Hatching or Parturition May-early June Both Male and Female Neonate 118 females Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Schowalter, David B. and John R. Gunson
Pages
409-420
Year
Issue
4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 6.8 embryos; all ages pups/litter Female Adult 87 females Saskatchewan; Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:
Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and B.J. Verts
Pages
1-7
Year
Volume
173
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Mutch, Graham G. R. and Aleksiuk, Michael
Pages
607-615
Year
Issue
3
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Fat (total or %) 31.9 % Male Adult 5 Delta Marsh Mannitoba Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 SE Laboratory

Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

Citation:
Author(s)
Jameson, Ronald J.
Pages
159-172
Year
Issue
2
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 15 maximum density at this time of year per 1000 ha Male Adult 7 Central coast Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Costa, Daniel P.
Pages
35-44
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Water Ingestion Rate 62 Sea water ingestion rate mL / kg-d Both Male and Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets 27 SE Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Iverson, J.A. and J. Krog
Pages
51-54
Year
Issue
1
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Metabolic Rate see Figure 1 oxygen consumption measured at 15-20 C Not Reported Not Reported 2 Exposure Factor Datasets fed Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Kenyon, Karl W.
Pages
1-352
Year
Issue
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 28.3 kg Male Adult 79 Amchitka Island Exposure Factor Datasets 7.98 SD
Citation:
Author(s)
Ralls, Katherine, Thomas C. Eagle and Donald B. Siniff
Pages
1841-1849
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range daily home range, estimated from hourly trangulations during 24-hr watches using the minimum convex polygon method ha Female Adult 16 animals Monterey to San Luis Obispo Exposure Factor Datasets

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:
Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Food Ingestion Rate 5.96 daily milk intake as % of pup body weight %/d Male Pup 5 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 mo 0.405 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
Oftedal, Olav T., Sara J. Iverson and Daryl J. Boness
Pages
560-575
Year
Issue
5
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Food Ingestion Rate 609 daily milk intake g/d Female Pup 19 San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets 1-2 mo 24.0 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
Boness, D. J., O. T. Oftedal,and K. A. Ono
Pages
173-179
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Growth Rate 0.132 pre-el Nino; 0-2 months kg/d Not Reported Pup 32 San Nicolas Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0-2 months 0.007 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
DeLong, R. L., G.A. Antonelis, C.W. Oliver, B.S. Stewart, M.S. Lowry and P.K. Yochem
Pages
166-172
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition see citation figure of % occurrence of prey items in scats % Female Adult 73 - 283 San Miguel and San Clemente Islands Exposure Factor Datasets

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:
Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
559-596
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean 8.9 weight at birth g Not Reported Juvenile 6 litters (42 animals) Exposure Factor Datasets 0 d Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Boellstorff, Diane E. and Donald H. Owings
Pages
551-561
Year
Issue
2
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of means for 2 yrs #/ha Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Camp Ohlone [lat., 37^o29'N; long., 121^o45'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:
Author(s)
Holekamp, K.E., S. Nunes and F. Talamantes
Pages
1051-1059
Year
Issue
5
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 5-6 wks Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported University of California, Santa Cruz Campus [lat., 37^oN; long., 122^oW] Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Cruz
Citation:
Author(s)
Evans, F. C. and R. Holdenried
Pages
231-260
Year
Issue
2
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 0.59 above ground area occupied for at least one mo acres Female Adult 51 Calaveras Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Santa Clara
Citation:
Author(s)
Linsdale, Jean M.
Pages
475
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 512.4 g Male Not Reported 397 Hastings Natural History Reservation Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:
Author(s)
Zeng, Zongyong and James H. Brown
Pages
1328-1340
Year
Issue
5
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 41.1 g Female Adult Not Reported Cave Creek Bajada, Cochise County (elev., 1330 m) Exposure Factor Datasets non-breeding 0.1
Citation:
Author(s)
Nagy, Kenneth A. and M.J. Gruchacz
Pages
1461-1478
Year
Issue
6
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 33.9 g Not Reported Not Reported 4-9 per mo/15 mo Kelso Sand Dunes (elev., 830-840 m) [lat., 34^o53'30"N, long., 115^o40'20"W] Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino 2.2 SD
Citation:
Author(s)
Soholt, Lars F.
Pages
357-376
Year
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 embryos/ female Female Adult 24 Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino
Citation:
Author(s)
Reynolds, Hudson G.
Pages
112-127
Year
Issue
2
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 0.373 acres Female Adult Not Reported Santa Rita Experimental Range, Tucson (elev., 3000-4000 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Butterworth, Bernard B.
Pages
127-139
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Growth Rate see citation figure of changes in weight over time g Not Reported Juvenile 4 litters adults captured at Alpine Butte, Los Angeles County, CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0 - 140 d Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J. and George A. Bartholomew
Pages
371-397
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 1 yr Male Adult Not Reported Owens Valley, Big Pine (lat., 37^o11'N) Exposure Factor Datasets Inyo
Citation:
Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Bernard B. Butterworth
Pages
75-95
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of body weight at ages 0 - 162 d g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 34 captured at Indian Cove, Joshua Tree National Monument Exposure Factor Datasets 0 - 162 d Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J.
Pages
1201-1219
Year
Issue
6
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 3.76 resting metabolism at 5 degrees C, without a natural nest cc O2/g/h Not Reported Not Reported 6 individuals Exposure Factor Datasets 0.11 SE Laboratory

San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides)

Citation:
Author(s)
Morrison, Michael L., L. Scott Mills and Amy J. Kuenzi
Pages
602-606
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of monthly densities at various sites #/ha Not Reported Not Reported 3,690 trap nights Naval Air Station, Lenmoore Exposure Factor Datasets

Stephens' Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi)

Citation:
Author(s)
Price, Mary V., Patrick A. Kelly and Ross L. Goldingay
Pages
929-939
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range range of median maximum distance moved based on monthly live trapping capture data at 2 sites m Male Adult 97 - 121 Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside
Citation:
Author(s)
Price, M.V. and P.R. Endo
Pages
293-301
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Population Density range of densities estimated over 2 yrs #/ha Not Reported Not Reported 320 - 640 trap nights San Jacinto Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Feb. - Mar. Riverside

Little Pocket Mouse (Perognathus longimembris)

Citation:
Author(s)
Bradley, W. Glen and Roger A. Mauer
Pages
333-344
Year
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Grasses: Oryzopsis hymenoides (27.7%); Hilaria rigida (6.6%); Bromus rubens (8.5%); Annual forbs: Plantago insularis (12.3%); Phacelia spp. (4.5%); Perrenial shrubs: Ephedra funera (9.8%); Sphaeralcea ambigua (11.3%); Dalea fremontii (7.3%); Vegetative plant parts: Phacelia spp. (3.5%); Misc. (4.5%) % volume in cheek pouches of major (>2%) food items Not Reported Not Reported 27 Las Vegas Valley, Clark County (elev., 2500 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Kenagy, G. J.
Pages
1201-1219
Year
Issue
6
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate amount of seed consumed at 6.5 degrees C mg/g bw/d Not Reported Not Reported 10 individuals Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:
Author(s)
Flake, Lester D.
Pages
636-647
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition ANIMAL MATTER: Coleoptera adults (7.6); Coleoptera larvae (0.2); Grasshoppers (5.1); Leaf hoppers (2.1); Lepidoptera adults (0.2); Lepidoptera larvae (0.5); Spiders (2.5); PLANT MATTER: Seeds (65.7); Total forbs (6.3) - Kochia scoparia (3.2); Total grasses and sedges (1.3); Total shrubs (0.6). estimated percent volume, by ranking method, of total matter in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 134 Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Johnson, Donald R. and Karen L. Groepper
Year
Issue
2
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate range of weighted means of dry weights of stomach contents mg Female Adult 6-153 Ward and McClean Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Millar, John S., F.B. Wille and Stuart L. Iverson
Pages
719-727
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Sexual Maturity 22.8 median age at maturity for males is time of weaning. d Male Adult Not Reported Pinawa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:
Author(s)
Stebbins, Lucius L., Reginald Orich and John Nagy
Pages
99-104
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Metabolic Rate 4.67 average resting metabolic rate estimated as oxygen consumption at -17.7C ml O2/g/hr Male Adult 4 animals placed in cages in forest near Lethbridge, Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.12 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
Storer, T.I., F.C. Evans and F.G. Palmer
Pages
166-192
Year
Issue
2
Volume
14
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of means for 3 trapping periods #/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 trapping periods Lake Tahoe, near Myers (elev., 6225 ft) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Jameson, Jr., E.W.
Pages
50-60
Year
Issue
1
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition seeds (6-49%); fruit (0-24%); arthropods (27-80%); leaves (0-20%); fungi (0-5%); misc. (0-18%) volumetric % of stomach contents, range of monthly means for 2 yrs. and 2 habitat types % Not Reported Not Reported 48-59 western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500 - 5000 ft.) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Brown, J. H. and Z. Zeng
Pages
46-63
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 21.4 g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 74 Portal, Cochise County (elev. 1330m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Merritt, Joseph F. and Joanie M. Merritt
Pages
195 - 202
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 0.02 ha Female Adult 9 eastern slope, Colorado Rocky Mountains (elev., 3120 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 0.55 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
Glazier, Douglas S.
Pages
587-590
Year
Issue
4
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 2.75 basal metabolic rate mlO2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.33 SE Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Earle, Michael and D. M. Lavigne
Pages
381-388
Year
Issue
2
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean range of means from 3 sites g Both Male and Female Neonate 17-29 adults captured at Milk River, Alberta [lat., 49^o07'N; long., 111^o45'W] and Sydney, British Columbia, Canada [lat., 48^o43'N; long., 123^o20'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 20.9 g Both Male and Female Adult 55 Anytown (elev., 400 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo 1.6 SE

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:
Author(s)
Fisler, George F.
Pages
1-98
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.72 young/litter Female Adult Not Reported San Francisco Bay marshes Exposure Factor Datasets

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