Terrestrial birds
Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat (total or %) | 1 (8%) to 2.4 (20%) | total fat mass in birds with 8% or 20% fat-free body mass | g | Not Reported | Adult | 8-42 captures per habitat type | Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 13.31 | mean body weight of adastus subspecies | g | Not Reported | Adult | 9 captures | Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.19 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.14 | mean clutch size in renests | eggs | Female | Adult | 29 nests | Toledo, Wooster, OH | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.1 SE |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 13.3 | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 28 nests | Toledo, Wooster, OH | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.1 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 54.8 % | percent of eggs hatched of total eggs laid | Not Reported | Hatchling | 272 eggs, 91 nests | Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.11 | mean fledglings in nests of known numbers of eggs | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Fledgling | 89 nests | Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 72.8 | density estimate on an ungrazed plot by point count using an exponential polynomial model | birds/40 ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | 43 birds | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets | Madera | 50.1-95.5 95% CI |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory Size | 0.4 | average territory size based on > 400 point observations | ha | Not Reported | Adult | 12 territories | Jasper Ridge Biological Experimental Area, nr Portola Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | San Mateo | breeding | 0.08 |
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.8 | average clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 64 clutches | Archbold Biological Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.8 SD |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | range of average incubation periods, in two habitats, for successful nests | d | Not Reported | Embryo | 64 clutches | Archbold Biological Station | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 9.2 | maximum distance travelled from a cabbage palm to a prey item on ground | m | Not Reported | Adult | 21 territories | Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | late Feb (begin), April (peak) | time of nesting activity | Both Male and Female | Adult | 133 pairs | Lawton, Comanche County | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Hatching Success | 84 | average percent of nests that hatched at least 1 young, 4 years | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | 133 pairs | Lawton, Comanche County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | average number of hatchlings per nest, 2 years | hatchlings/nest | Not Reported | Hatchling | 27-52 pairs/yr | eastern Ontario, Quebec | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | 27-52 pairs/yr | eastern Ontario, Quebec | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA | |
| Territory Size | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | survival rate of juveniles prior to dispersal from the breeding territory | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 36 nests | Yakima Training Center | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | period from hatching to leaving nest | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | 8 birds | Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutches or Litters per year | number of broods raised in one nesting season | clutches/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 9 pairs | Lawrence | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO, USA | |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO, USA |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory Size | 9.1 | territory width across sloughs | m | Both Male and Female | Adult | 64 sample areas | Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | with & without suppl. food | Male | Adult | 23 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 56-108 d | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 73 | survival; no suppl. food; survival fledgling to independence | % | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 29 pairs without suppl. food | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 4.2 | mean mass of nestlings 1 d old; no addtn. food | g | Not Reported | Nestling | 14 nestlings | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA | 0.17 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 412 (foxtail); or 468 (smartweed); or 85 (hemp); or 3943 (pigweed) | estimated number of seeds per hour required at 0 degrees C for active individuals | seeds/hour | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | active | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | 2 | clutches/year | Both Male and Female | Adult | about 5 each | Rockefeller University field research center | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 7.8 | median density; 10 fold fluctuation over 15 yr period | females/ha | Female | Not Reported | 19 years | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 1.69 (40) | mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) | pairs/square mile | Both Male and Female | Adult | 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mourning dove | item found in stomach analysis | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1 bird | New Mexico State Hwy 26 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | grain (30.8), weed seed (5.3), miscell. vegetable (0.6), Coleoptera (21.3), Orthoptera (20.3), Lepidoptera (12.2), Hemiptera (1.7), Hymenoptera (5.6), Diptera (0.1), Arachnida (0.2), miscell. insects (1.9) | percent contribution to the diet by volume, based on stomach content analyses | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | ~2,000 stomachs | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | range of mean breeding bird densities on three grassland-sagebrush sites (over two years) | territories/16 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 sites | Wasatch National Forest | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | first two weeks of May | peak time of nest initiation | Both Male and Female | Adult | 46 nests | near Delta, Manitoba | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | June 2-July 10 | estimated length of breeding season (period when eggs or young are in the nest) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 sampling yrs | Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | June 1 | estimated beginning of nesting based on historic egg collections | Both Male and Female | Adult | 187 dated egg sets | coastal southern CA; Colorado River; upper San Pedro River, AZ | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | mid Jul to early Sep | period of departure from the breeding area by migrants | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Gibraltar Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Barbara |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 63 | percent of birds that successfully fledged one young | % | Male | Adult | 98 birds | Gibraltar Reservoir | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Barbara |
San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | mortality of young birds based on number of eggs/season; in relation to high tides | % | Not Reported | Chick | 349 eggs | San Pablo Marsh | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | late Feb/Mar-June | Not Reported | San Pablo Marsh | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - Mar. | time of laying | Female | Adult | 3 breeding pairs | Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | Mar. - Apr. | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 3 breeding pairs | Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | May - June | time of laying | Female | Adult | 19 | Thelon River, Northwest Territories | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | range of annual mortality rates over 3 years, corrected for known movements | % | Female | Adult | 7-11 recaptured birds/yr | Colville, Sagavanirktok, Yukon, and Tanana Rivers | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 2.8 (female); 2.6 (male) | mean age when first captured as a breeding adult | yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 females; 5 males | Colville, Sagavanirktok, Yukon, and Tanana Rivers | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Sexual Maturity | review | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 43 | percent of adults lost before next breeding season; adults produced brood sizes of 3-4 | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 44 | Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 89.7-94.7 | range of home range sizes | square km | Female | Adult | 2 | Cape Peninsula | Exposure Factor Datasets | SOUTH AFRICA |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | y = 7.77 + 7.44x | growth rate from day 3-16 | Female | Nestling | Not Reported | Sagehen Creek Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Nevada, Sierra | |
| Hatching Success | 89.3 | % | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 168 | Sagehen Creek Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Nevada, Sierra |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 0.42 | mean caloric consumption per g body weight per day (wet weight basis) | kcal/g/day | Male | Adult | 2 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalation Rate | 35.4 | mean resting respiratory rate | #/min | Not Reported | Adult | 4 | Exposure Factor Datasets | crippled, non-releasable | 3.21 SD | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.602 | mortality rate estimate for banded individuals | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 118 | throughout USA and Canada | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.035 SD | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.465 | mortality rate of banded individuals, 1946-65 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6,544 | throughout USA and Canada | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA | 0.017 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 0.06 | mean pair density in study area (194 km2) | pairs per km2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 years | rural and urban lands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding |
| Population Density | 0.22 | mean density in study area | individuals per km2 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 years | rural and urban lands | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 120.2 | average body weight | g | Female | Adult | 26 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5.3 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4.1 | mean brood size (13 sample years) | young/nest | Not Reported | Juvenile | 37 successful nests | Portage County (44deg27'N, 89deg40'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 88% | percent of nests that fledged at least one young | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 42 nests | Portage County (44deg27'N, 89deg40'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | August (begin), October (peak), November (end) | time period of fall migration | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 276 | Pt. Diablo, Marin Headlands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Marin |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 4 | wintering population size | individuals/43 sq mi | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | agricultural lands | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 43.6 | average and range of daily caloric intake (food provided ad libidum) | cal/d | Male | Adult | 1 bird | Exposure Factor Datasets | sedentary, injured | Laboratory |
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 93+ | age of puberty attainment | d | Female | Yearling | 91 birds | east-central area | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 99.3 | mean body weight | g | Female | Adult | 6 birds | southeastern area | Exposure Factor Datasets | 155.1 SD |
| Body Weight - Mean | 114.6 | mean body weight | g | Male | Adult | 14 birds | southeastern area | Exposure Factor Datasets | 75.7 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | September | period of departure for fall migration | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Gray Lodge State Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Butte |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 58.5% | weighted mean annual mortality of banded doves | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 1,179 birds | near Savage | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Survival/ Mortality | 28.2% | weighted mean annual mortality of banded doves | Both Male and Female | Adult | 991 birds | near Savage | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA | |
| Survival/ Mortality | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 250-330 | density of breeding pairs | pairs/220 acres | Both Male and Female | Adult | 220 acres | Lewis, Cass County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutches or Litters per year | 5.85-5.98 | average number of nest attempts by individual pairs | nests/year | Both Male and Female | Adult | 1108-1443 nests/year | Lewis, Cass County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 7.7 | average body weight | g | Not Reported | Hatchling | 15 nests | near Orondo, Douglas County | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0 days (hatch) |
| Body Weight - Mean | 79.0 | average body weight | g | Not Reported | Fledgling | 15 nests | near Orondo, Douglas County | Exposure Factor Datasets | 14 days |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 48.0 % | mean annual mortality rate | Both Male and Female | Adult | 725 birds | Berkeley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa | 4.3 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, milk thistle, safflower, red maids, California poppy, chickweed, miner's lettuce | principal dietary items in crop contents | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 152 crops | Sacramento Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets | Butte |
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | breeding season density based on roadside censuses | birds/mi^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Imperial Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | fall/winter season density based on roadside censuses | birds/mi^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Imperial Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 78 | total number of young observed on study site | young/study site | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 15 pairs | Albuquerque | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 4.9 | fledglings/pair | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 15 pairs | Albuquerque | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 19 | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Survival/ Mortality | 18 | % | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 40 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA | |
| Dietary Composition | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 4.28 | average resting oxygen consumption | ml STPD/min | Not Reported | Adult | 60 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.12 SE | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 0.95 | oxygen consumption in zone of thermoneutrality (at 30.1 degrees, Celsius) | cubic cm O2/g/hr | Not Reported | Adult | 16 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.04 | Laboratory |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 114 | weight consumed per day on an all hamster diet | g/d | Not Reported | Adult | 4 owls | Exposure Factor Datasets | 21.4 SD | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.0 | average clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 12 nests | Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.56 |
| Hatching Success | 2.67 | average number of young hatched | hatches/nest | Not Reported | Nestling | 12 nests | Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.09 |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 2.2 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 4 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Hatching Success | 11 | percent of eggs that failed to hatch | Not Reported | Nestling | 4 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | meadow vole and jumping mouse (11.3%), juv. white-tailed jackrabbit (9.4%), horned or eared grebe (5.7%), American coot (22.6%), sora and Virginia rails (3.8%), duck (26.4%), sharp-tailed grouse (9.4%), blackbird (11.3%) | relative frequency of prey species occurence in nests | Not Reported | Nestling | 78 nest visits | Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Dipodomys ordii (0.13%), Microtus montanus (0.14%), Perognathus parvus (0.02%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.50%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.21%) | relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis | Female | Adult | 1 owl | Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 914.2 (pallascens), 991.7 (pacificus), 1154.3 (occidentalis), 1317.8 (virgianus), 1238.6 (wapacuthu) | Body weight means for 5 subspecies | g | Male | Adult | 10-26 individuals/subspecies | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 6.18 | average size of clutches laid early in the breeding season | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 17 clutches | New Concord, Muskingum County (40 deg, 00'N, 81 deg, 46'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4.71 | average size of clutches laid late in the breeding season (1990-92,1994) | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 7 clutches | New Concord, Muskingum County (40 deg, 00'N, 81 deg, 46'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA | |
| Time of Molt | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
