Terrestrial birds

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American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

An analysis of the population dynamics of selected avian species with special reference to changes during the modern pesticide era

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J.
Pages
23-28
Publisher
United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.602 mortality rate estimate for banded individuals Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 118 throughout USA and Canada Exposure Factor Datasets 0.035 SD
Survival/ Mortality 0.465 mortality rate of banded individuals, 1946-65 Both Male and Female Adult 6,544 throughout USA and Canada Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA 0.017 SD
Citation:

Influence of nest-box placement and density on abundance and productivity of American kestrels in central Missouri

Author(s)
Toland, Brian R. and William H. Elder
Pages
712-717
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 0.06 mean pair density in study area (194 km2) pairs per km2 Both Male and Female Adult 5 years rural and urban lands Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding
Population Density 0.22 mean density in study area individuals per km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5 years rural and urban lands Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth of body components in parent- and hand-reared captive kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, David M. and Robert G. Clark
Pages
77-84
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 120.2 average body weight g Female Adult 26 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 5.3 SE Laboratory
Citation:

American kestrel reproduction and dispersal in central Wisconsin

Author(s)
Jacobs, Eugene A.
Pages
135-137
Year
Issue
2
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.1 mean brood size (13 sample years) young/nest Not Reported Juvenile 37 successful nests Portage County (44deg27'N, 89deg40'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 88% percent of nests that fledged at least one young % Not Reported Juvenile 42 nests Portage County (44deg27'N, 89deg40'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Hatching Success 89.3 % Both Male and Female Hatchling 168 Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Dietary Composition insects (31.7%), reptiles (26.0%), birds (16.6%), mammals (25.7%) percent of prey by prey weight Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra breeding
Citation:

Fall migration of diurnal raptors at Pt. Diablo, California

Author(s)
Binford, Laurence C.
Pages
1-16
Year
Issue
1
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal August (begin), October (peak), November (end) time period of fall migration Both Male and Female Not Reported 276 Pt. Diablo, Marin Headlands Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Citation:

A population study of the sparrow hawk in east-central Illinois

Author(s)
Enderson, James Harris
Pages
222-231
Year
Issue
3
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 4 wintering population size individuals/43 sq mi Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.58 breeding population density birds/mi2 Not Reported Not Reported 25 birds agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food consumption of a sparrow hawk

Author(s)
Wing, Leonard and Anne H. Wing
Pages
168-170
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 43.6 average and range of daily caloric intake (food provided ad libidum) cal/d Male Adult 1 bird Exposure Factor Datasets sedentary, injured Laboratory
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight of sparrow hawks in California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H.
Pages
17-19
Year
Issue
2
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 110.7 mean body weight measured over 4 years g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 69 coastal southern CA Exposure Factor Datasets 1.1 SE
Citation:

The incidence of man-caused and natural mortalities to raptors

Author(s)
Keran, Doug
Pages
108-112
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 118 longest survival of a banded individual mo Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1,017 records of mortality Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

A study of factors affecting nesting raptor populations in urban ares, Sacramento County, California - 1974

Author(s)
Vincenty, Joseph A., III
Pages
1-21
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report No. 74-5
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.2 fledging rate per successful nest fledglings per nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 17 American River; oak woodlands, grasslands, residential Exposure Factor Datasets Sacramento
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 density of nesting pairs pair/1.1 mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult 10 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 93+ age of puberty attainment d Female Yearling 91 birds east-central area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning dove body weights in southeastern New Mexico during and after a dry spring and early summer

Author(s)
Griffing, James P., Paul E. Sawyer and Charles A. Davis
Pages
545-547
Year
Issue
4
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 99.3 mean body weight g Female Adult 6 birds southeastern area Exposure Factor Datasets 155.1 SD
Body Weight - Mean 114.6 mean body weight g Male Adult 14 birds southeastern area Exposure Factor Datasets 75.7 SD
Body Weight - Mean 112.7 mean body weight g Female Adult 9 birds southeastern area Exposure Factor Datasets 158.8 SD
Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal September period of departure for fall migration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Citation:

Migration and mortality of banded mourning doves

Author(s)
Thomforde, Lawrence L.
Pages
72-76
Year
Issue
2/3
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 58.5% weighted mean annual mortality of banded doves Both Male and Female Juvenile 1,179 birds near Savage Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 28.2% weighted mean annual mortality of banded doves Both Male and Female Adult 991 birds near Savage Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Survival/ Mortality review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Mourning dove production in southwestern Iowa

Author(s)
McClure, Elliot H.
Pages
64-75
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 250-330 density of breeding pairs pairs/220 acres Both Male and Female Adult 220 acres Lewis, Cass County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 5.85-5.98 average number of nest attempts by individual pairs nests/year Both Male and Female Adult 1108-1443 nests/year Lewis, Cass County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth rate of nestling doves

Author(s)
Cheney, Susan and Philip W. Cheney
Pages
14-16
Year
Issue
1
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean 7.7 average body weight g Not Reported Hatchling 15 nests near Orondo, Douglas County Exposure Factor Datasets 0 days (hatch)
Body Weight - Mean 79.0 average body weight g Not Reported Fledgling 15 nests near Orondo, Douglas County Exposure Factor Datasets 14 days
Citation:

Resident mourning doves in Berkeley, California

Author(s)
Leopold, A. Starker, and Mark F. Dedon
Pages
780-789
Year
Issue
3
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Survival/ Mortality 48.0 % mean annual mortality rate Both Male and Female Adult 725 birds Berkeley Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 4.3 SE
Longevity 1.53 mean life span yr Both Male and Female Adult 725 birds Berkeley Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.19 SE
Citation:

Food habits of the mourning dove in California

Author(s)
Browning, Bruce M.
Pages
91-115
Year
Issue
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, milk thistle, safflower, red maids, California poppy, chickweed, miner's lettuce principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 152 crops Sacramento Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Dietary Composition safflower, milo, turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, California poppy, rice, sunflower, wheat, corn principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 192 crops southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Food habits of the burrowing owl in central Oregon

Author(s)
Maser, Chris, E. Wayne Hammer and Stanley H. Anderson
Pages
19-26
Year
Issue
1
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (85), insects (170), birds (3), spiders (0), reptiles (1) number of prey items found in sample pellets Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 60 pellets Crooked River National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (28), insects (22) number of prey items found in sample pellets Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 20 pellets Crooked River National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 168.0 g Female Not Reported 10 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size 1.98 ac Both Male and Female Adult 6 pairs Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology at two sites in Santa Clara county, California

Author(s)
Trulio, L.A.
Pages
63-64
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean number of chicks per nest chicks/nest Both Male and Female Adult 11 pairs Moffett Air Force Base Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Hatching Success 78 percent of pairs hatching at least one chick % Both Male and Female Adult 9 pairs Shoreline Park Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Citation:

Size dimorphism and food habits of North American owls

Author(s)
Earhart, Caroline M., and Ned K. Johnson
Pages
251-264
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 158.6 body weight g Male Adult 13 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 150.6 body weight g Female Adult 15 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Diets of five species of desert owls

Author(s)
Barrows, Cameron W.
Pages
1-10
Year
Issue
1
Volume
20
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Dipodomys sp (8-18%), Perognathus sp (4-29%), insects (53-75%), crayfish (0-9%), reptiles (0-5%), birds (0-1%) frequency of occurence in pellets Both Male and Female Adult 3 burrows Coachella Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Food consumption and energy, water, and nitrogen budgets in captive great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus)

Author(s)
Duke, G.E., J.G. Ciganek and O.A. Evanson
Pages
283-292
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 26.58 daily food intake on a mouse diet, dry weight basis g/kg/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls x 5 days = 20 owl days Exposure Factor Datasets 4.08 Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 26.37 daily food intake on a turkey poult diet, dry weight basis g/kg/d Not Reported Adult 26 owl days Exposure Factor Datasets 6.33 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Growth analysis of a female great horned owl in central Ohio

Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
218-221
Year
Issue
6
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.1900 growth constant based on logistic growth equation Female Nestling 1 owl Delaware County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 bird/2000 acres Both Male and Female Not Reported 11 owls Superior township Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition white-footed mice (58.2%), meadow mice (28.0%), other small mammals (2.8%), medium sized mammals (5.1%), gamebirds and sm-med sized birds (4.8%), other birds (1.2%) percent occurrence of prey items in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 297 pellets from 14 owls Superior township Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Predation by owls in the Sierran foothills of California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
137-151
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density density based on call counts birds/2000 ac Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 7 counts San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera
Dietary Composition cottontail (61.1%), woodrat (17.9%), kangaroo rat (4.5%), pocket gopher (4.3%), gopher snake (3.7%), ground squirrel (2.4%), other spp (birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates; 6.1%) percent occurrence by weight in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 654 pellets, 1471 prey items San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera
Citation:

Notes on nesting great horned owls in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Mader, William J.
Pages
109-111
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Time of Mating/ Laying February (peak), March (end) egg laying dates Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

A study of radio-equipped flickers

Author(s)
Royall, W.C., Jr., and O.E. Bray
Pages
47-50
Year
Issue
2
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Foraging Distance range of distances between night roost location and the following day's locations km Not Reported Adult 4 birds, 20-99 radio fixes per bird Lakewood, Jefferson County Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 140 average body weight at time of capture g Not Reported Adult 4 birds Lakewood, Jefferson County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Moore, William S.
Pages
1-28
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting May-August inclusive of pairing through departure from nesting territory Both Male and Female Adult 15 birds Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Territory Size range of territory sizes during the breeding season m^2 Both Male and Female Adult 15 birds Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Hatching Success 24/31 total number of eggs hatched relative to estimate of total eggs laid eggs hatched/eggs laid Not Reported Nestling 11 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra
Territory Size 3000 average territory size of paired males based on observed perch locations m^2 Male Adult 8 territories Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra 2000 SD
Citation:

The energetic consequences of incubation for two passerine species

Author(s)
Walsberg, Glenn E. and James R. King
Pages
644-655
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.241 predicted night time basal metabolic rate W Not Reported Adult Not Reported collection location George E. Hudson Biological Reserve, Whitman County Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Migration of the willow flycatcher along the middle Rio Grande

Author(s)
Yong, Wang, and Deborah M. Finch
Pages
253-268
Year
Issue
2
Volume
109
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal mid-May (onset), June 8 (date of last capture) spring passage Not Reported Adult 42 captures Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) Exposure Factor Datasets

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

Behavior of the bush-tit in the breeding season

Author(s)
Addicott, Alice B.
Pages
49-63
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean range of individual body weights g Not Reported Hatchling 2 birds Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis 14 age at which young left the nest d Not Reported Not Reported 1 brood Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Reproductive success and nesting habitat of loggerhead shrikes in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E. and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
37-48
Year
Issue
1
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 49 nests York County Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.7 average number of fledglings produced per successful nest, 2 years fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 32 nests York County Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 SD
Citation:

Nest ecology, productivity, and growth of the loggerhead shrike on the shortgrass prairie

Author(s)
Porter, David K., Mark A. Strong, J. Brent Giezentanner and Ronald A. Ryder
Pages
429-436
Year
Issue
4
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 5.69 average number of eggs hatched per successful nest eggs/nest Not Reported Hatchling 65 successful nests Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike population in Minnesota

Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Pages
441-450
Year
Issue
3
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Hatching Success 4.18 average number of eggs hatched per nest hatchlings/nest Not Reported Hatchling 51 nests southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 2.33 SD
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.02 average number of fledglings produced per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 60 nesting attempts southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 2.07 SD
Citation:

Effect of vegetation height on hunting behavior and diet of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
127-131
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Odonata (12.1), Hemiptera (23.0), Coleoptera (22.3), Lepidoptera (7.3), Orthoptera (16.8), Hyla cinerea (7.6), H. squirella (1.7), Gastrophyne carolensis (0.9), Rana spenocephala (0.4), Anolis carolinensis (2.8), Scincella lateralis (4.1), Eumeces inexpectatus (1.0) percent of total prey items caught by observed pairs % Both Male and Female Adult 6 territories Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Population Density review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Breeding ecology of Lanius ludovicianus nesting in sagebrush

Author(s)
Woods, Christopher P.
Pages
244-250
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr-mid Aug period from clutch initiations to chicks fledging Both Male and Female Adult 98 pairs Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nestling diet and prey-delivery rates of loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E., Joseph Papp and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
1-5
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Orthoptera (59); Lepidoptera (15); Coleoptera (10); arthropod larvae (8); mammals; reptiles and amphibians (4); unident. arthropods (3) percent of total identified prey items delivered to the nest % Not Reported Nestling 1 pair, 155 identified prey York County Exposure Factor Datasets

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Observations on the nesting sucess of Bell's vireos in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Clark, Clarence F.
Pages
117-120
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 59.9 percent of eggs producing fledglings of total eggs laid % Not Reported Hatchling 24 nests, 70 eggs upper Santa Cruz River Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Territory Size review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Remizidae through Parulinae

Author(s)
Klimkiewicz, M. Kathleen, Roger B. Clapp and Anthony G. Futcher
Pages
287-294
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 6 -11 age of oldest identified banded individual yr-mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Variation in breeding season and clutch size in song sparrows of the pacific coast

Author(s)
Richard F. Johnston
Pages
268-273
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size oological collections eggs/nest Both Male and Female Adult 545 records from Baja California to Alaska Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying early Feb.-July Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported California to Washington Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of supplemental food on growth and adult size in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
1416-1423
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 3.87 young raised to independence Not Reported Fledgling 34 nests Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.68 SE
Survival/ Mortality 0.98 young raised to independence young/pair Not Reported Chick 34 nests Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.17
Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 17 d Both Male and Female Fledgling 16 pairs with suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 3.31 suppl. food eggs/clutch Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs with suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.11 SE
Citation:

Growth and development of the thermoregulation in nestling San Miguel Island song sparrow

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Michael D. Kern, Robert Kern and Charles Van Riper III
Pages
773-776
Year
Volume
93
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Body Weight - Mean see table 1 Not Reported Nestling 6-33 nestlings San Miguel Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0-11 days

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris), San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

San Francisco Bay Region Salt Marsh Song Sparrow Survey, 1974

Author(s)
Walton, Brian James
Pages
19
Publisher
California Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density see table 1 Both Male and Female Adult 64 sites San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa breeding

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5 usual number of eggs laid eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 3 estimated average brood size young/clutch Not Reported Juvenile Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

A southwestern willow flycatcher natural history summary and survey protocol

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Robert M. Marshall, Susan J. Sferra, and Timothy J. Tibbitts
Pages
42 pp
Publisher
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size nesting territory size ha Both Male and Female Adult 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara
Population Density range of nesting density over two years pairs/243 ha Both Male and Female Adult 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris)

Citation:

A status review of the Suisun song sparrow (Melospiza melodia maxillaris) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-30
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Department Candidate Species Status Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Water Ingestion Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Suisun Bay Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Status and reproduction of the peregrine falcon at a coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Author(s)
Castellanos, Aradit, Federico Salinas-Zavala and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
110-112
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Hatching or Parturition Mar. - Apr. Both Male and Female Hatchling 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis May - June Both Male and Female Hatchling 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Do large natural brood increase mortality of parent peregrine falcons?

Author(s)
Nelson, R. Wayne
Pages
719-728
Publisher
Peregrine Fund
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 43 percent of adults lost before next breeding season; adults produced brood sizes of 3-4 % Both Male and Female Adult 44 Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 23 percent of adults lost before next breeding season; adults produced brood sizes of 0-2 % Both Male and Female Adult 60 Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Population dispersal, turnover, and migration of Alaska peregrines

Author(s)
Ambrose, Robert E., and Kenton E. Riddle
Pages
677-684
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity 2.8 (female); 2.6 (male) mean age when first captured as a breeding adult yr Both Male and Female Adult 20 females; 5 males Colville, Sagavanirktok, Yukon, and Tanana Rivers Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and habitat requirements of peregrine falcons on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Author(s)
Jenkins, Andrew R., and Grant A. Benn
Pages
90-97
Year
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range 89.7-94.7 range of home range sizes square km Female Adult 2 Cape Peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets SOUTH AFRICA
Foraging Distance 9.2 maximum distance travelled from nest cliff km Female Adult 2 Cape Peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets SOUTH AFRICA
Citation:

Todesursachen und Mortalitaetsraten beim Wanderfalken (Falco peregrinus) nach den Wiederfunden deutscher und finnischer Ringvoegel

Author(s)
Mebs, Theodor
Pages
98-105
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Survival/ Mortality mortality rate in Germany and Finland of ringed birds % Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 209 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 1-14 years FINLAND, GERMANY
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