Terrestrial birds

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Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Fall-winter habitat use and food habits of doves in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Lewis, James C., John A. Morrison, Victor J. Heller and John W. Ault
Pages
678-690
Year
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Foraging Distance distance flown from night roosts to feeding sites km Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Jackson County (elev. 430 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition haygrazer (15-96%), wheat (trace-31%), pricklepoppy (trace-19%), panic grass (trace-33%), maize (3-76%), pigweed (trace-14%), sunflower (trace-10%), spurge (trace-17%), wild bean (trace-44%), others (1-6%) percent consumption by weight of 9 most frequently eaten foods (range over 7 months) % Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Jackson County (elev. 430 m) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Texas

Author(s)
Swank, Wendell G.
Pages
495-505
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 165 peak monthly nesting density in study area nests/81 acres Both Male and Female Adult 648 nests Texas A&M College campus Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 4.4 mean number of nest attempts made per pair per year nests/yr Both Male and Female Adult 7 marked pairs Texas A&M College campus Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 6.7 mean number of fledglings produced per adult female fledglings/female Both Male and Female Fledgling 7 marked pairs Texas A&M College campus Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology of mourning doves in a cold desert ecosystem

Author(s)
Howe, Frank P. and Lester D. Flake
Pages
467-472
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate mean number of fledglings per successful nest (over three years) Both Male and Female Adult 5-7 nests/yr Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.50 survival rate from incubation to fledging (26 days) Both Male and Female Nestling 24 nests Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Life history and productivity of a population of western mourning doves in California

Author(s)
Cowan, John B.
Pages
505-521
Year
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition waste rice, milo, watergrass, yellow star thistle, Turkey mullein seeds, waste wheat, canary grass, safflower, johnson grass food items in crop contents, in order of importance Not Reported Adult 22 birds Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14-15 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Gray Lodge State Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Butte
Citation:

Nesting ecology of mourning doves in fruit orchards in north-central Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L., Dwight G. Smith, David M. Gaudet and Albert W. Erickson
Pages
230-236
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1.8 nesting pairs per 100 trees checked Both Male and Female Adult 4 orchards Rufus Woods Lake area Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 1.8 mean number of eggs laid per nesting attempt Female Adult 123 nests Rufus Woods Lake area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Time of Molt review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

An eleven-year summary of mourning dove observations in the west

Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Nesting Mar-Sep period from beginning to end of nesting Both Male and Female Adult 335 nest attempts near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Population Density 21.7 average number of birds per 100 miles of survey route birds/100 mi Not Reported Not Reported 1000 mi surveyed/mo near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Gonadal and hormonal characteristics of juvenile female mourning doves in Virginia

Author(s)
Mirarchi, R.E., P.F. Scanlon, F.C. Gwazdauskas and R.L. Kirkpatrick
Pages
415-425
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 114.3 mean body weight g Female Juvenile 5 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 131 days 3.3 SE

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Artificial burrows provide new insight into burrowing owl nesting biology

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J. and Lawrence J. Blus
Pages
82-85
Year
Issue
3
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success based on number of young observed at burrow % Both Male and Female Hatchling 4 burrows Umatillo and Morrow counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying April Female Adult 4 burrows Umatillo and Morrow counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (18.9%), birds (3.9%), insects (29.9%), vegetation (71.3%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 209 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (31.4%), birds (5.9%), insects (28.6%), vegetation (61.0%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 608 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (41.2%), birds (2.0%), insects (23.3%), vegetation (55.5%) mean percent occurrence in pellets Both Male and Female Not Reported 366 pellets Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nest site characteristics and reproductive success of burrowing owls (Strigiformes: Strigidae) in Durango, Mexico

Author(s)
Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
143-148
Year
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density nesting density based on nearest-neighbor test pairs/km2 Both Male and Female Adult 23-29 pairs Mapimf Biosphere Reserve, Durango (1,000-1,350 m) Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.91 fledglings/successful nest Both Male and Female Adult 52 nests Mapimf Biosphere Reserve, Durango (1,000-1,350 m) Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Hatching Success 61 proportion of pairs that successfully raised at least one young % Both Male and Female Adult 52 nests Mapimf Biosphere Reserve, Durango (1,000-1,350 m) Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia)

Author(s)
Haug, Elizabeth A., Brian A. Millsap and Mark S. Martell
Pages
1-20
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Sexual Maturity review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Survival/ Mortality review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Home Range review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

The effect of burrow site use on the reproductive success of a partially migratory population of western burrowing owls (Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea)

Author(s)
Botelho, Eugene S., and Patricia C. Arrowood
Pages
233-240
Year
Issue
3
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Hatching Success 2.2 mean hatching success in natural burrows eggs hatched/eggs laid Not Reported Juvenile 59 nests New Mexico State University Exposure Factor Datasets 1.9 SE
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.9 mean fledging rate in natural burrows fledglings/nest Not Reported Juvenile 59 nests New Mexico State University Exposure Factor Datasets 1.9 SE
Citation:

Trends in the winter distribution and abundance of burrowing owls in North America

Author(s)
James, Paul C. and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
1224-1225
Year
Issue
4
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Population Density 7.8 based on Christmas bird counts 1954-1986 per 1,000 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets 2.3 (SD)
Citation:

Breeding-season food habits of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in southwestern Dominican Republic

Author(s)
Wiley, James W.
Pages
241-245
Year
Issue
3
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Dietary Composition mammals (4.7%), birds (50.4%), amphibians (1.3%), reptiles (12.8%), insects (30.8%) percent composition of diet by biomass % Not Reported Adult 396 identified prey items Sierra de Bahoruco Exposure Factor Datasets nesting DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Metabolic rate and evaporative water loss of Mexican spotted and great horned owls

Author(s)
Ganey, Joseph L., Russell P. Balda, and Rudy M. King
Pages
645-656
Year
Issue
4
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.59 average basal metabolic rate cc O^2/g bw/hr Not Reported Adult 3 birds Exposure Factor Datasets postabsorptive Laboratory
Citation:

Predation ecology of coexisting great horned and barn owls

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G.
Pages
134-137
Year
Issue
1
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Microtus (66.7%), Peromyscus (27.6%), Dipodomys (1.1%), Sylvilagus (0.3%), Euphagus cyanocephalus (0.3%), Sorex (0.2%), Tadarida brasiliensis (0.2%), Mustela frenata (0.2%), unident. bird (1.4%), unident. small mammal (0.7%), insect (1.3%) percent occurence of prey items in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 107 pellets Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou
Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Hatching Success 100% percent of eggs hatched in nests that produced young Not Reported Nestling 11 nests south-central Montana Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 eggs/clutch Female Adult 6 nests south-central Montana Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2 SE
Citation:

Food habits of the horned and barn owls

Author(s)
Cunningham, John D.
Pages
222
Year
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Neotoma fuscipes (11.3), Thomomys bottae (36.2), Mus musculus (14.0), Microtus californicus (13.5), Reithrodontomys megalotis (8.7), Perognathus sp. (7.8), Dipodomys agilis (3.1), Peromyscus sp. (3.1), Notiosorex crawfordi (1.3), Sylvilagus sp. (0.5), Sorex ornatus (0.5) percent of total number of specimens identified in pellets Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains (1 ledge) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A banding study of Cincinnati area great horned owls

Author(s)
Holt, John B., Jr.
Pages
194-197
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 47.3% percent of nests with at least one young surviving to banding age (of all pairs observed) Not Reported Juvenile 1777 territories near Cincinnati Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

North America's oldest great horned owl

Author(s)
Houston, C. Stuart
Pages
88-90
Year
Issue
2
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 20.7 known age at time of death yr Not Reported Adult 1 bird s. of Aberdeen, Saskatchewan Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Food-niche relationships between great horned owls and common barn owls in eastern Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L. and Ronald E. Jackman
Pages
175-179
Year
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Sylvilagus nuttallii (12.4%), Spermophilus washingtoni (0.4%), Thomomys talpoides (29.7%), Perognathus parvus (12.5%), Dipodomys ordii (1.4%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.3%), Peromyscus maniculatus (6.2%), Neotoma cinerea (2.1%), Microtus montanus (7.7%), Mus musculus (0.2%), unident. microtinae (4.5%), Mustela frenata (0.4%), Anas platyrynchos (2.6%), Phasianus colchicus (2.5%), Fulica americana (1.5%), Charadrius vociferus (0.2%), Tyto alba (10.7%), Sternella neglecta (0.2%), unident. Fringillidae (0.2%), unident. Passeriformes (1.2%), unident. snake (1.4%), Cyprinus carpio (1.3%), Stenopelmatus spp (0.2%) percent of total prey biomass Not Reported Not Reported 234 pellets Esquatzel Coulee, Franklin County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth development and reactions of young great horned owls

Author(s)
Reed, Bessie P.
Pages
14-31
Year
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean maximum body weights achieved by captively raised chicks oz Not Reported Juvenile 2 birds captured in Kansas Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Comparative reproductive success of yellow-shafted, red-shafted and hybrid flickers across a hybrid zone

Author(s)
Moore, William S. and Walter D. Koenig
Pages
42-51
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success range of mean brood to clutch size ratios measured among male and female auratus ssp., cafer ssp., and auratus/cafer hybrid flickers Both Male and Female Adult 4-42 clutches per subspecies or hybrid group Lincoln, Morrill, Scottsbluff Counties, NE; Platte County, WY Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The influence of starlings on flicker reproduction when both naturally excavated cavities and artificial nest boxes are available

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
218-225
Year
Issue
2
Volume
110
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis mid-June to late July Both Male and Female Juvenile 40 pairs near New Concord Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting early May to late June time of incubation Both Male and Female Adult 40 pairs near New Concord Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Molt in flight feathers of flickers

Author(s)
Test, Frederick H.
Pages
63-72
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Time of Molt June-July date of onset of postjuvenal and adult molt Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 2500 birds Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Ecology of a Sierra Nevada population of willow flycatchers

Author(s)
Flett, Mary Anne and Susan D. Sanders
Pages
37-42
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July 15-August 13 dates on which first and last young fledged Both Male and Female Adult 11 nests Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra
Time of Migration or Dispersal August 31 date by which last fall migrants departed Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) Exposure Factor Datasets Sierra
Citation:

Feeding-time minimization and the territorial behavior of the willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Author(s)
Prescott, David R.C. and Alex L.A. Middleton
Pages
17-28
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Mollusca (4), Arachnida (19), Isopoda (4), Orthoptera (15), Hemiptera (56), Coleoptera (7), Lepidoptera adult (20), Lepidoptera larvae (10), Diptera adult (188), Hymenoptera adult (9), Hymenoptera larvae (1) numbers of food items delivered to nestlings fitted with neck ligatures Not Reported Nestling 333 food items collected Badenoch Swamp, 14 km SE of Guelph (69 deg, 32'N, 80 deg, 13' W) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

The energetic consequences of incubation for two passerine species

Author(s)
Walsberg, Glenn E. and James R. King
Pages
644-655
Year
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Surface Area 0.00487 estimated area of the external plumage surface (geometrical approximation) of 13.2 g bird m^2 Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

The energetic significance of huddling behavior in common bushtits (Psaltriparus minimus)

Author(s)
Chaplin, Susan B.
Pages
424-430
Year
Volume
99
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 35.17 consumption of mealworms at 20 deg C kJ/d Not Reported Adult 6 birds captured at Occidental College, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets 1.26 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Behavior of the bush-tit in the breeding season

Author(s)
Addicott, Alice B.
Pages
49-63
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying Mar-Apr time of peak nesting activity Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Stanford University Campus Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

The effects of fencelines on the reproductive success of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
281-285
Year
Issue
1
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 67.0 estimated probability of a nestling surviving to fledge in fenceline areas % Not Reported Nestling 39 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 1.8 SD
Survival/ Mortality 73.0 estimated probability of a nestling surviving to fledge in pasture areas % Not Reported Nestling 25 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 28.8 SD
Citation:

Nest ecology, productivity, and growth of the loggerhead shrike on the shortgrass prairie

Author(s)
Porter, David K., Mark A. Strong, J. Brent Giezentanner and Ronald A. Ryder
Pages
429-436
Year
Issue
4
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 16 incubation period d Not Reported Embryo 330 hatched eggs Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 17 normal fledging period d Not Reported Fledgling 232 fledged birds Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology of the loggerhead shrike in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack D.
Pages
95-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 46 calculated probability of survival of any nest from incubation onset to end of fledging % Not Reported Fledgling 109 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Resource dependence and territory size in loggehead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
465-469
Year
Issue
2
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 33.0 mean body weight of 10 day old nestlings g Not Reported Nestling 18 nestlings Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets 2.6 SD
Clutches or Litters per year number of clutches laid per season per pair clutches/pair Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Age at Sexual Maturity review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Hatching Success review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike population in Minnesota

Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Pages
441-450
Year
Issue
3
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 48 pairs southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Breeding behavior of the bell vireo in southern Indiana

Author(s)
Nolan, Val, Jr.
Pages
225-244
Year
Issue
4
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Condition
Body Weight - Mean g Female Adult 4 birds Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets feeding young
Body Weight - Mean 8.3 mean body weight g Not Reported Nestling 3 birds Bloomington Exposure Factor Datasets 6-7 d post-hatch

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Population structure in salt marsh song sparrows Part II: Density, Age Structure, and Maintanance

Author(s)
Johnston, Richard F.
Pages
254-272
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 eggs/pair/year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Longevity up to 7 years Both Male and Female Adult 6 animals (from 1000) San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa
Citation:

Determinants of lifetime reproductive success in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M
Pages
154-172
Publisher
University of Chicago Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year 2 clutches/year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Survival and mobility in a population of pacific coast song sparrows (Melospiza melodia gouldii)

Author(s)
Halliburton, Richard and Richard L. Mewaldt
Pages
499-504
Year
Issue
4
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 162 median m Female Adult nr Point Reyes National Seashore Exposure Factor Datasets Marin
Citation:

Temporal spacing of broods, brood size, and parental care in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Derek A. Roff
Pages
1007-1015
Year
Issue
6
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.58; 3.42 Both Male and Female Adult 140; 89 Mandarte Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.1; 0.19
Citation:

Effects of supplemental food on growth and adult size in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
1416-1423
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.41 brood size with supplemental food young/nest Not Reported Chick 34 nests Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets 6 d CANADA 0.17
Citation:

Determinants and consequences of nestling condition in song sparrows

Author(s)
Hochachka, Wesley, and James N. M. Smith
Pages
995-1008
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 30 d Not Reported Fledgling Not Reported Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 2 usual number of nesting attempts per year nests/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5 usual number of eggs laid eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

Status and breeding ecology of the southwestern willow flycatcher in the Grand Canyon

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Timothy J. Tibbitts, Jim R. Petterson
Pages
142-157
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis June 29 (earliest fledging) - July 13 (latest fledging) dates of earlies and latest recording fledging Both Male and Female Fledgling 17 nest attempts (in 5 sample years) Colorado River Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A southwestern willow flycatcher natural history summary and survey protocol

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Robert M. Marshall, Susan J. Sferra, and Timothy J. Tibbitts
Pages
42 pp
Publisher
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. mearnsi)

Citation:

Natural history and management of the San Clemente loggerhead shrike

Author(s)
Scott, Thomas A. and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
23-57
Year
Issue
2
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 3 adult life expectancy based on duration of home range occupancy yr Female Adult Not Reported San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Artificial incubation of some non-galliform eggs

Author(s)
Graber, Richard R.
Pages
100-109
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation approx. 15 incubation period up to time of pipping d Not Reported Embryo 8 eggs Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size nesting territory size ha Both Male and Female Adult 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Organochlorines in Alaskan peregrine falcon eggs and their current impact on productivity

Author(s)
Ambrose, Robert E., Charles J. Henny, Robin E. Hunter, and John A. Crawford
Pages
385-393
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.39 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 18 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.78 mean number of fledglings per nest fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 18 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The peregrine falcon: life history and population literature

Author(s)
Hickey, Joseph J. and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
3-42
Publisher
University of Wisconsin Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size review Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Probleme der Fortpflanzungsbiolgie und Bestandserhaltung bei deutschen Wanderfalken (Falco peregrinus)

Author(s)
Mebs, Theodor
Pages
47-56
Year
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.46 fledglings/brood Both Male and Female Fledgling 48 broods Exposure Factor Datasets GERMANY
Citation:

The natural regulation of peregrine falcon populations

Author(s)
Hunt, W. Grainger
Pages
667-676
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review review of factors controlling population density Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population ecology of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus in Baden-Wuerttemberg, 1965-1991

Author(s)
Wegner, Peter
Pages
p.211-218
Publisher
Pica Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.6 fledlings/pair Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets GERMANY
Citation:

American Peregrine Falcon

Author(s)
Aldrich, John A.
Pages
1-14
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size review Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets USA

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 4 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 42 Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Duration of Incubation or Gestation d Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra
Citation:

Reproductive patterns in captive American kestrels (sparrow hawks)

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D. and Stanley N. Wiemeyer
Pages
46-53
Year
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 27 mean number of days between 5th egg laid and 5th egg hatched d Both Male and Female Embryo 3 eggs Exposure Factor Datasets 0.58 SE Laboratory
Time of Mating/ Laying March-May period of laying Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets breeding Laboratory
Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition June 21 median hatching date Both Male and Female Hatchling 27 pairs Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July 29 median fledging date Both Male and Female Fledgling 27 pairs Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Citation:

An evaluation of heart rate as an indirect measure of daily energy metabolism of the American kestrel

Author(s)
Gessaman, James A.
Pages
273-289
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 23.06 daily energy metabolism based on heart rate (30 C) and a linear regression equation for heart rate and volume of oxygen consumed kcal/d Not Reported Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.03 SE Laboratory
Citation:

The hunting behavior of American kestrels: Applications of foraging theory

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri Gale
Pages
64
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Dietary Composition mammal (39%), insect (60%), other (6%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult 95 pellets agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Dietary Composition mammal (24%), insect (74%), other (2%) percent composition of sample pellets (by volume) Both Male and Female Adult 104 pellets agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo breeding
Citation:

Energetics of two wintering raptors

Author(s)
Koplin, James R., Michael W. Collopy, Albert R. Bammann and Howard Levenson
Pages
795-806
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 40.8 existence metabolism as measured by the difference between food energy and energy in egesta of birds maintained at constant body mass for periods of 3 or more days kcal/d Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Territory Size observed range of movement during nesting, based on observations of individual or pair movements mi^2 Not Reported Adult 11 birds Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition white-footed mice (6.0%), meadow mice (78.9%), shrews (1.3%), pocket gopher (1.0%), uinta ground squirrel (0.3%), sm-med sized birds (5.7%), insects (59.9%) percent occurrence of prey items in pellets during nesting % Not Reported Not Reported 299 pellets from 8 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Fat content of American kestrels and sharp-shinned hawks estimated by total body electrical conductivity

Author(s)
Harden, Shari M.
Pages
42
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Body Fat (total or %) 2.46 total body fat based on Soxhlet fat extraction g Both Male and Female Adult 21 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.25 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.0 average number of young fledged fledges/nest Not Reported Fledgling 4 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.41

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris), San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)

Citation:

San Francisco Bay Region Salt Marsh Song Sparrow Survey, 1974

Author(s)
Walton, Brian James
Pages
19
Publisher
California Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density see table 1 Both Male and Female Adult 64 sites San Francisco Bay region Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda, Contra Costa breeding

Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris)

Citation:

A status review of the Suisun song sparrow (Melospiza melodia maxillaris) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-30
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Department Candidate Species Status Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Water Ingestion Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Suisun Bay Exposure Factor Datasets
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