Terrestrial birds

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Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.77 no suppl. food eggs/clutch Both Male and Female Adult 56 pairs without suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.15 SE
Body Weight - Mean 3.08 egg mass; no difference between fed and non-fed fenales g Female Adult 15 fed and 34 non-fed females Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 83 suppl. food; fledgling surviving to independence % Both Male and Female Fledgling 13 pairs with suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of granular formulations of terbufos and fonofos applied to cornfields on mortality and reproductive success of songbirds

Author(s)
Knapton, Richard W., and Pierre Mineau
Pages
138-153
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.22 mean clutch size of nests in control plots eggs/clutch Female Adult 32 nests southwestern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.94
Hatching Success 29.4% proportion of successful nests containing unhatched eggs % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 32 nests southwestern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.88 mean number of young fledged per successful nest fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 32 nests southwestern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.22
Citation:

Brown-headed cowbirds and an island population of song sparrows: a 16-year study

Author(s)
Smith James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
916-934
Year
Issue
4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying 24 Feb-19 April Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 3.12 median egg weight g Both Male and Female Adult 387 eggs Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets breeding CANADA
Citation:

Effects of supplemental food on growth and adult size in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
1416-1423
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Body Weight - Mean 15.43 without suppl. food d 6 g Not Reported Chick 44 Exposure Factor Datasets 6 d CANADA
Body Weight - Mean with & without supplemental food g Female Adult 27 Exposure Factor Datasets 56-108 d CANADA

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation observed range of incubation periods d Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis observed number of days chicks spent in nest d Not Reported Fledgling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 7 average increase in body weight g/d Not Reported Nestling 2 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Prey choice by three insectivorous grassland birds: Reevaluating opportunism

Author(s)
Kaspari, Michael and Anthony Joern
Pages
414-430
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Acridid, adult Coleoptera, Tettigoniid, larval Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Other, Hemipteran, spider percent of arthropod taxa in the diet, listed in order of decreasing frequency Not Reported Adult 95 birds Arapaho Prairie Exposure Factor Datasets

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

A southwestern willow flycatcher natural history summary and survey protocol

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Robert M. Marshall, Susan J. Sferra, and Timothy J. Tibbitts
Pages
42 pp
Publisher
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate percent of nesting pairs that successfully raised at least one young (range over two years) % Both Male and Female Adult 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara
Hatching Success range in proportions of total eggs hatching vs. total eggs laid (for two years) eggs hatched/eggs produced Not Reported Hatchling 238-262 eggs (two yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris)

Citation:

A status review of the Suisun song sparrow (Melospiza melodia maxillaris) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-30
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Department Candidate Species Status Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 15.6-27.4 (brackish marsh), 9.1-20.5 (altered brackish marsh) breeding population densities pairs/ha Both Male and Female Adult 11 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Status and reproduction of the peregrine falcon at a coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Author(s)
Castellanos, Aradit, Federico Salinas-Zavala and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
110-112
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis May - June Both Male and Female Hatchling 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Clutch or Litter Size 3.3 average clutch size eggs/nest Female Adult 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Do large natural brood increase mortality of parent peregrine falcons?

Author(s)
Nelson, R. Wayne
Pages
719-728
Publisher
Peregrine Fund
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 23 percent of adults lost before next breeding season; adults produced brood sizes of 0-2 % Both Male and Female Adult 60 Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of nestling weights at various ages g Both Male and Female Nestling Not Reported Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Todesursachen und Mortalitaetsraten beim Wanderfalken (Falco peregrinus) nach den Wiederfunden deutscher und finnischer Ringvoegel

Author(s)
Mebs, Theodor
Pages
98-105
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Survival/ Mortality mortality rate in Germany and Finland of ringed birds % Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 209 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 1-14 years FINLAND, GERMANY
Survival/ Mortality mortality rate of ringed young birds % Not Reported Juvenile 134 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 0-1 year FINLAND, GERMANY
Citation:

Home range and habitat requirements of peregrine falcons on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Author(s)
Jenkins, Andrew R., and Grant A. Benn
Pages
90-97
Year
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Foraging Distance 9.2 maximum distance travelled from nest cliff km Female Adult 2 Cape Peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets SOUTH AFRICA
Foraging Distance 11.1-16.4 maximum distance travelled from nest cliff km Male Adult 2 Cape Peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets SOUTH AFRICA

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Dietary Composition insects (31.7%), reptiles (26.0%), birds (16.6%), mammals (25.7%) percent of prey by prey weight Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sagehen Creek Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets Nevada, Sierra breeding
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body weight of sparrow hawks in California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H.
Pages
17-19
Year
Issue
2
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 110.7 mean body weight measured over 4 years g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 69 coastal southern CA Exposure Factor Datasets 1.1 SE
Body Weight - Mean 119.8 mean body weight measured over 4 years g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 111 coastal southern CA Exposure Factor Datasets 0.9 SE
Citation:

A population study of the sparrow hawk in east-central Illinois

Author(s)
Enderson, James Harris
Pages
222-231
Year
Issue
3
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 0.58 breeding population density birds/mi2 Not Reported Not Reported 25 birds agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 1.5 mean maximum diameter of winter home ranges mi Not Reported Not Reported 3 birds agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The incidence of man-caused and natural mortalities to raptors

Author(s)
Keran, Doug
Pages
108-112
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 118 longest survival of a banded individual mo Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1,017 records of mortality Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 12.6 average length of survival of banded individuals mo Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1,017 throughout USA Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A study of factors affecting nesting raptor populations in urban ares, Sacramento County, California - 1974

Author(s)
Vincenty, Joseph A., III
Pages
1-21
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report No. 74-5
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.2 fledging rate per successful nest fledglings per nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 17 American River; oak woodlands, grasslands, residential Exposure Factor Datasets Sacramento
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 density of nesting pairs pair/1.1 mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult 10 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.4 eggs/clutch Female Adult 10 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A study and implications of habitat separation by sex of wintering American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Meyer, Ruthe Lashe and Thomas G. Balgooyen
Pages
107-123
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Territory Size 31.6 ha Female Adult 5 Hollister Basin (elev. 48-210 m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito, Santa Clara 10.7 SD
Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 79 mean hatchability measured over 4 years % Both Male and Female Hatchling 157 boxes Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Resident mourning doves in Berkeley, California

Author(s)
Leopold, A. Starker, and Mark F. Dedon
Pages
780-789
Year
Issue
3
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Longevity 1.53 mean life span yr Both Male and Female Adult 725 birds Berkeley Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa 0.19 SE
Citation:

Mourning dove body weights in southeastern New Mexico during and after a dry spring and early summer

Author(s)
Griffing, James P., Paul E. Sawyer and Charles A. Davis
Pages
545-547
Year
Issue
4
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 112.7 mean body weight g Female Adult 9 birds southeastern area Exposure Factor Datasets 158.8 SD
Citation:

Food habits of the mourning dove in California

Author(s)
Browning, Bruce M.
Pages
91-115
Year
Issue
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition safflower, milo, turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, California poppy, rice, sunflower, wheat, corn principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 192 crops southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Dietary Composition turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, wheat, California poppy, barley, red maids, Napa thistle, miner's lettuce, prostrate pigweed principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 183 crops inner coast mountains Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Impact of agroforestry plantations grown with agricultural drainwater on avian abundance in the San Joaquin Valley

Author(s)
Kelly, Troy D., Andrew R. Dyer and David L. Chesemore
Pages
97-103
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of nesting densities on agroforestry plots Both Male and Female Adult 6 plots San Joaquin Valley Agroforestry Demonstration Project Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno, Kings
Citation:

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Author(s)
Mirarchi, Ralph E. and Thomas S. Baskett
Pages
1-32
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Foraging Distance review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Fledging or Weaning Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Mourning dove production in southwestern Iowa

Author(s)
McClure, Elliot H.
Pages
64-75
Year
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.8 average number of fledglings produced per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 1108-1443 nests/year Lewis, Cass County Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 13.7% percent of young hatched that did not survive to fledging % Not Reported Hatchling 3580 hatchlings Lewis, Cass County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer foods of mourning doves in southeastern Idaho

Author(s)
Markham, O. Doyle, and Charles H. Trost
Pages
60-62
Year
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition halogeton (22.0% +/- 33.9), pigweed (3.9% +/- 13.5), common vetch (4.1% +/-17.9), Indian ricegrass (26.1% +/- 37.6), collomia(6.7% +/- 21.6), barnyard grass (0.3% +/- 5.0), gromwell (0.4% +/- 3.7), wheat (13.2% +/- 29.9), oats (0.6% +/- 4.2), cottonwood (1.6% +/- 11.6), other species (1.7% +/- 7.9), grit (13.9% +/- 23.9) percent occurrence by mass in crop contents (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported 223 birds Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolic responses of mourning doves to short-term food and temperature stresses in winter

Author(s)
Ivacic, Donald L. and Ronald F. Labisky
Pages
182-196
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 140.4 mean body weight g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 6 captured at Dundee, IL Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 10.5 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Mourning dove production in four Idaho orchards and some possible implications

Author(s)
Fichter, Edson
Pages
438-447
Year
Issue
4
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 208 number of nests found in 13.4 acres of orchards Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported near American Falls Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The relationship of the external surface area of birds to skin surface area and body mass

Author(s)
Walsberg, Glenn E. and James R. King
Pages
185-189
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Surface Area 241 measured area of skin beneath feathers of 649.1 g bird, excluding beak and non-feathered portions of legs cm^2 Not Reported Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Minnesota

Author(s)
Harris, Stanley W., Marius A. Morse, and William H. Longley
Pages
150-172
Year
Issue
1
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting April-October period from onset of egg laying through fledging Both Male and Female Adult ~81 nests/year Madelia Research Center, Watonwan County Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Note on food habits of the screech owl and the burrowing owl of southeastern Oregon

Author(s)
Brown, Barbara A., John O. Whitaker, Thomas W. French and Chris Maser
Pages
421-426
Year
Issue
3
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition vertebrates (14.3%), invertebrates (85.7%) percent of diet based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Adult 150 pellets Malheur county Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the burrowing owl in central Oregon

Author(s)
Maser, Chris, E. Wayne Hammer and Stanley H. Anderson
Pages
19-26
Year
Issue
1
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition mammals (414), insects (259), birds (3), spiders (2) number of prey items found in sample pellets Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 228 pellets Crooked River National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mammals (50), insects (108), birds (1) number of prey items found in sample pellets Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 39 pellets Crooked River National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size mean annual productivity young/breeding adult Both Male and Female Adult 18 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 70 % Both Male and Female Juvenile 40 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparison of selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology at two sites in Santa Clara county, California

Author(s)
Trulio, L.A.
Pages
63-64
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 3.0 mean number of chicks per nest chicks/nest Both Male and Female Adult 7 pairs Shoreline Park Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Citation:

Ventilatory responses of the burrowing owl and bobwhite to hypercarbia and hypoxia

Author(s)
Boggs, Dona F. and Delbert L. Kilgore, Jr.
Pages
527-533
Year
Volume
149
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Inhalation Rate 3.27 average resting tidal volume ml BTPS Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.08 SE Laboratory
Inhalation Rate 39.7 average resting inhalation rate per minute Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets 1.16 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Behavior and population ecology of the burrowing owl, Speotyto cunicularia, in the Imperial Valley of California

Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
162-176
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density breeding season density based on roadside censuses birds/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia)

Author(s)
Haug, Elizabeth A., Brian A. Millsap and Mark S. Martell
Pages
1-20
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Food consumption and energy, water, and nitrogen budgets in captive great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus)

Author(s)
Duke, G.E., J.G. Ciganek and O.A. Evanson
Pages
283-292
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1615 mean of averaged body weights (10-13 weighings/bird) g Not Reported Adult 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Notes on nesting great horned owls in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Mader, William J.
Pages
109-111
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.1 rate of production of young at least 4 weeks old young/nest Not Reported Nestling 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting Mar 12 - Jun 4 period from earliest egg laying date to date of latest brood departure Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition Apr 14 earliest hatching date Not Reported Nestling 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Red-tailed hawk and horned owl populations in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Orians, Gordon and Frank Kuhlman
Pages
371-385
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density pairs/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult 12-22 pairs (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Feb 5-15 peak period of egg laying Female Adult 11-17 nests (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Arthropod diet of a western horned owl

Author(s)
Ohlendorf, Harry M.
Pages
124-125
Year
Issue
1
Volume
16
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition wolf spider (1), centipede (2), tarantula (3), grasshopper (1), walking stick (2) numbers of prey items in stomach contents Not Reported Adult 1 owl 13 mi NE Fort Davis, Jeff Davis County Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Notes on egg-laying, incubation, and nestling periods and of food brought to the nest by four species of cavity-nesting birds

Author(s)
Duyck, Bill E. and Douglas B. McNair
Pages
21-29
Year
Issue
2
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8 first clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 1 nest Asheville, Buncombe County Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 11 incubation period d Not Reported Embryo 1 nest Asheville, Buncombe County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Moore, William S.
Pages
1-28
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

A preliminary report on the biology of the willow flycatcher in the central Sierra Nevada

Author(s)
Stafford, Michael D. and Bradley E. Valentine
Pages
66-77
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 50% proportion of nestlings known or believed to have fledged Both Male and Female Fledgling 8 nests Sierra National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets Fresno
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.14 mean clutch size in renests eggs/nest Female Adult 29 nests Wooster and Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1 SE
Citation:

Migration of the willow flycatcher along the middle Rio Grande

Author(s)
Yong, Wang, and Deborah M. Finch
Pages
253-268
Year
Issue
2
Volume
109
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 12.7 mean body weight of all birds (subspecies not separated) g Not Reported Adult 84 Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) Exposure Factor Datasets 1.2 SD
Body Fat (total or %) 1 (8%) to 2.4 (20%) total fat mass in birds with 8% or 20% fat-free body mass g Not Reported Adult 8-42 captures per habitat type Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Traill's flycatcher breeding biology

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
50-68
Year
Issue
3
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.68 mean first clutch size eggs Female Adult 31 nests Toledo, Wooster, OH Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1 SE
Citation:

Nest success and age-specific mortality in Traill's flycatchers

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
837-841
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 36.4% percent of young fledged of total eggs laid Not Reported Fledgling 272 eggs, 91 nests Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE Exposure Factor Datasets

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

A comparison of transects and point counts in oak-pine woodlands of California

Author(s)
Verner, Jared and Lyman V. Ritter
Pages
47-68
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density 71.2 density estimate on a grazed plot by transect counts using an exponential polynomial model birds/40 ha Not Reported Not Reported 64 birds San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera 49.6-92.8 95% CI
Population Density 72.8 density estimate on an ungrazed plot by point count using an exponential polynomial model birds/40 ha Not Reported Not Reported 43 birds San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera 50.1-95.5 95% CI

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Patterns of growth and movements in a population of Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis (caudata: plethodontidae) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Staub, N.L., C.W. Brown and D.B. Wake
Pages
593-599
Year
Issue
4
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.092 change in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) mm/d Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras USA 0.0071

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Ptilochronology: A potential biomarker for assessing territory quality and habitat suitability in shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
276-279
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Territory Size range of post-breeding territory size ha Not Reported Adult 21 territories Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Foraging Distance 6.5 maximum distance travelled from a fence post to a prey item on ground m Not Reported Adult 21 territories Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding ecology of Lanius ludovicianus nesting in sagebrush

Author(s)
Woods, Christopher P.
Pages
244-250
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 5.1 average number of fledglings per sucessful pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 65 pairs Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 1.5 SD
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning age at which young left nests d Not Reported Fledgling 65 pairs Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Habitat selection and breeding biology of loggerhead shrikes in eastern Ontario and Quebec

Author(s)
Chabot, Amy, Rodger D. Titman and David M. Bird
Pages
155-156
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size average clutch sizes, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 17 average incubation period, 2 years d Not Reported Embryo 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Dietary Composition review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Remizidae through Parulinae

Author(s)
Klimkiewicz, M. Kathleen, Roger B. Clapp and Anthony G. Futcher
Pages
287-294
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 12-6 age of oldest identified banded individual yr-mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Natural history of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Author(s)
Barlow, Jon C.
Pages
243-296
Year
Issue
5
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.39 mean clutch size (over 2 years) eggs/clutch Female Adult 33 records Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14 d Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Time of Molt review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA

Gilded flicker (Colaptes auratus ssp. chrysoides)

Citation:

Clutch size of the gilded flicker

Author(s)
Koenig, Walter D.
Pages
89-90
Year
Volume
86
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 4.20 average size of clutches existing in North American oological collections eggs/clutch Female Adult 57 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Northwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. brewsteri)

Citation:

Empidonax traillii extimus: An endangered subspecies

Author(s)
Unitt, Philip
Pages
137-162
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal May 15 date of earliest arrival of spring migrants Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
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