Terrestrial birds

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Displaying 1633 data points

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii ssp. extimus)

Citation:

A southwestern willow flycatcher natural history summary and survey protocol

Author(s)
Sogge, Mark K., Robert M. Marshall, Susan J. Sferra, and Timothy J. Tibbitts
Pages
42 pp
Publisher
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Breeding ecology of a willow flycatcher population in Grand Canyon, Arizona

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
25-33
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density population density in a 360 km riparian corridor as indicated by song counts singing males/yr Male Adult 6 sampling yrs Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density population density in a 360 km riparian corridor as indicated by active nest counts nests found/yr Both Male and Female Adult 6 sampling yrs Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park Exposure Factor Datasets

Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii ssp. pusillus)

Citation:

Riparian forest as habitat for the least Bell's vireo

Author(s)
Gray, M. Violet and James M. Greaves
Pages
605-611
Publisher
University of California Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate range in proportions of total chicks fledging vs. total chicks hatched (for two years) chicks fledged/chicks hatched Not Reported Fledgling 147 eggs hatched (2 yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara
Clutches or Litters per year annual clutch numbers per pair observed over 2 years clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 43-48 pairs (2 yrs) Gibraltar Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Barbara

Alameda Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. pusillula)

Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 20.5-41.0 (salt marsh), 9.9-20.5 (alterned salt marsh), 5.9-11 (fringe vegetation) breeding population densities pairs/ha Both Male and Female Adult 27 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition Lab
Body Weight - Mean 2 description Both Male and Female Adult sample size location Exposure Factor Datasets age Alpine condition Laboratory

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Status and reproduction of the peregrine falcon at a coastal lagoon in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Author(s)
Castellanos, Aradit, Federico Salinas-Zavala and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Pages
110-112
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.6 average fledging rate fledglings/active nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 3 breeding pairs Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Peregrine and Prairie falcon life tables based on band-recovery data

Author(s)
Enderson, James H.
Pages
505-509
Publisher
University of Wisconsin Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Survival/ Mortality 25 mortality rate % Not Reported Adult 81 birds banded as nestlings Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Survival/ Mortality 68 mortality rate % Not Reported Juvenile 27 birds Exposure Factor Datasets 0-1 year CANADA, USA
Citation:

Todesursachen und Mortalitaetsraten beim Wanderfalken (Falco peregrinus) nach den Wiederfunden deutscher und finnischer Ringvoegel

Author(s)
Mebs, Theodor
Pages
98-105
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 15 years Not Reported Adult 1 bird Exposure Factor Datasets GERMANY
Citation:

Home range and habitat requirements of peregrine falcons on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Author(s)
Jenkins, Andrew R., and Grant A. Benn
Pages
90-97
Year
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Home Range 115.2-192.1 range of home range sizes square km Male Adult 2 Cape Peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets SOUTH AFRICA
Citation:

Food of the peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus, in interior Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom
Pages
373-374
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Holboell's grebe (2.4%); green-winged teal (9.7%); buffle-head (2.7%); sparrow hawk (2.4%); spruce grouse (2.4%); ruffed grouse (2.4%); lesser yellow-legs (9.7%); gulls (19.6%); hawk owl (2.4%); northern flicker (2.4%); Alaska jay (12.5%); Hudsonian chickadee (2.4%); gray-cheeked thrush (2.4%); rusty blackbird (2.4%); pine grosbeak (2.4%); robin (4.9%); unidentified passerines (17.0%) estimated from prey item remains lying about the bluffs in study area % total prey Not Reported Not Reported 52 prey items Tanana River, Chena Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The population biology of peregrine falcons in the Northwest Territories, Canada

Author(s)
Court, Gordon S., D. Mark Bradley, C. Cormack Gates, and David A. Boag
Pages
729-739
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Population Density 1 pair per 17sq. km pairs Both Male and Female Adult 6 survey years; 17-26 territories per year Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Behavior of peregrines in winter in south Texas

Author(s)
Enderson, James H., Jon Larrabee, Zach Jones, Chris Peper, and Chris Lepisto
Pages
93-98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Foraging Distance 7.5-28.0 range of distances between the most distant locations km Both Male and Female Adult 8 birds near the Laguna Madre Exposure Factor Datasets

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

A study and implications of habitat separation by sex of wintering American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Meyer, Ruthe Lashe and Thomas G. Balgooyen
Pages
107-123
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Territory Size 13.1 ha Male Adult 5 Hollister Basin (elev. 48-210 m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito, Santa Clara 2.0 SD
Dietary Composition invertebrates (173.8), reptiles (23.0), birds (481.0), mammals (609.5) amount of prey taken by prey weight g Female Adult 5 Hollister Basin (elev. 48-210 m) Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito, Santa Clara
Citation:

Nest box use and reproductive biology of the American kestrel in Lassen County, California

Author(s)
Bloom, Peter H. and Stephen J. Hawks
Pages
9-14
Year
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Both Male and Female Fledgling 112 Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Clutch or Litter Size 4.3 eggs/clutch Female Adult 38 clutches Great Basin (1260-2340 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
Citation:

A population study of the sparrow hawk in east-central Illinois

Author(s)
Enderson, James Harris
Pages
222-231
Year
Issue
3
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 1.4 mean maximum diameter of breeding home ranges mi Not Reported Not Reported 4 birds agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Differential habitat use by sexes of American kestrels wintering in northern California

Author(s)
Koplin, James R.
Pages
39-42
Year
Issue
2
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density 34 average density kestrels/100 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 135 obs. coastal and coast range areas Exposure Factor Datasets Colusa, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Yolo +/- 11 95% CI
Population Density 115 average density individuals/100 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 205 obs. agricultural lands Exposure Factor Datasets Colusa, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Yolo +/- 25 95% CI
Citation:

Breeding behavior of the American kestrel (sparrow hawk)

Author(s)
Willoughby, Ernest J. and Tom J. Cade
Pages
75-96
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28.4 mean incubation period in captivity d Both Male and Female Embryo 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size 3.66 mean clutch size in captivity eggs Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding Laboratory
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 2 percent of eggs that failed to hatch % Not Reported Nestling 10 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting May 20 to Jul 20 period from earliest egg laying date to date of latest brood departure Both Male and Female Adult 11 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Respiratory metabolism of three species of raptors

Author(s)
Gatehouse, S.N. and B.J. Markham
Pages
738-741
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate combined day and night oxygen consumption over one 24 hr period ml oxygen/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 3 birds Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Foraging strategies of American kestrels during breeding

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G.
Pages
1268-1276
Year
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Population Density 23 individuals per 96 km2 Both Male and Female Adult 23 agricultural lands (lat, 38 deg 32'N; long., 121 deg 47'W) Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo Breeding

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Metabolic responses of mourning doves to short-term food and temperature stresses in winter

Author(s)
Ivacic, Donald L. and Ronald F. Labisky
Pages
182-196
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 129.6 mean body weight g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 14 captured at Dundee, IL Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 6.9 SD Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 1.11 mean oxygen consumption during the light period at 10 deg C ml O2/g bw/hr Male Both Adults and Juveniles 6 captured at Dundee, IL Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 0.29 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Mourning dove production in four Idaho orchards and some possible implications

Author(s)
Fichter, Edson
Pages
438-447
Year
Issue
4
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Nesting latter two-thirds of July time of peak nesting activity Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported near American Falls Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.62 number of doves fledged per breeding adult Both Male and Female Fledgling Not Reported near American Falls Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the mourning dove in California

Author(s)
Browning, Bruce M.
Pages
91-115
Year
Issue
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition barley, milo, canary grass, flax, lambs quarter, water grass, wheat, cup grass, watermelon, sunflower principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 214 crops Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Imperial
Citation:

The relationship of the external surface area of birds to skin surface area and body mass

Author(s)
Walsberg, Glenn E. and James R. King
Pages
185-189
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Surface Area 198 measured area of the external plumage surface of 649.1 g bird, excluding beak and non-feathered portions of legs cm^2 Not Reported Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Adult mourning dove survival during spring/summer in northcentral Missouri

Author(s)
Schulz, John H., Ronald D. Drobney, Steven L. Sheriff, Wesley J. Fuemmeler
Pages
148-154
Year
Issue
1
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.716 overall survival of radiomarked individuals Both Male and Female Adult 315 Davisdale and Mussel Fork Wildlife Areas Exposure Factor Datasets 0.651-0.782 95% CI
Citation:

Nesting habits of the mourning dove in Alabama

Author(s)
Pearson, Allen M. and George C. Moore
Pages
468-473
Year
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 592 clutches near Auburn Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14 d Not Reported Embryo 5 cases near Auburn Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting and production of the mourning dove in Minnesota

Author(s)
Harris, Stanley W., Marius A. Morse, and William H. Longley
Pages
150-172
Year
Issue
1
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of total annual nesting population, over 3 yrs pairs Both Male and Female Adult 65-100 pairs Madelia Research Center, Watonwan County Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate number of young fledged per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling ~81 nests/year Madelia Research Center, Watonwan County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements of banded mourning doves near Turlock, California

Author(s)
Channing, Edward
Pages
23-35
Year
Issue
1
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal summer time of southward migration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Turlock area Exposure Factor Datasets Merced, Stanislaus
Citation:

Artificial incubation of some non-galliform eggs

Author(s)
Graber, Richard R.
Pages
100-109
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 14 d, 16 hr to 15 d incubation period up to time of hatching Not Reported Embryo 1 egg Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Breeding behaviors of immature mourning doves

Author(s)
Irby, Harold D. and Lytle H. Blankenship
Pages
598-604
Year
Issue
3
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Sexual Maturity year of hatching age of earliest sexual maturity, based on gonad sizes and breeding behaviors Both Male and Female Juvenile 75 males, 66 females near Tuscon Exposure Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Behavior and population ecology of the burrowing owl, Speotyto cunicularia, in the Imperial Valley of California

Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
162-176
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density fall/winter season density based on roadside censuses birds/mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Imperial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Selected aspects of burrowing owl ecology and behavior

Author(s)
Martin, Dennis J.
Pages
446-456
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 78 total number of young observed on study site young/study site Both Male and Female Juvenile 15 pairs Albuquerque Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.9 fledglings/pair Both Male and Female Fledgling 15 pairs Albuquerque Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of burrowing owls on the Oakland Municipal Airport

Author(s)
Thomsen, Lise
Pages
177-192
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 19 % Both Male and Female Adult 18 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 18 % Both Male and Female Nestling 40 birds Oakland Airport Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia)

Author(s)
Haug, Elizabeth A., Brian A. Millsap and Mark S. Martell
Pages
1-20
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Mating/ Laying review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Dietary Composition review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, MEXICO, USA
Citation:

Ventilatory responses of the burrowing owl and bobwhite to hypercarbia and hypoxia

Author(s)
Boggs, Dona F. and Delbert L. Kilgore, Jr.
Pages
527-533
Year
Volume
149
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 4.28 average resting oxygen consumption ml STPD/min Not Reported Adult 60 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.12 SE Laboratory
Citation:

Results of the 1991 census of burrowing owls in central California: an alarmingly small and declining population

Author(s)
Desante, D.F., E. Ruhlen, S. Amin, and K.M. Burton
Pages
59
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 925 estimate of number of pairs in census area pairs/43,235 km^2 Both Male and Female Not Reported 198 UTM blocks censused San Francisco Bay and Central Valley areas Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Physiological and physical aspects of temperature regulation in the burrowing owl Speotyto cunicularia

Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Pages
307-337
Year
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.95 oxygen consumption in zone of thermoneutrality (at 30.1 degrees, Celsius) cubic cm O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 16 Exposure Factor Datasets 0.04 Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Diet, cast composition, and energy and nutrient intake of red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura)

Author(s)
Tabaka, Christopher S., Duane E. Ullrey, James G. Sikarskie, Sharon R. DeBar and Pao K. Ku
Pages
187-196
Year
Issue
2
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 115 weight consumed per day on an all chick diet g/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls Exposure Factor Datasets 16.9 SD Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 114 weight consumed per day on an all hamster diet g/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls Exposure Factor Datasets 21.4 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Notes on nesting great horned owls in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Mader, William J.
Pages
109-111
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Fledging or Weaning Rate 9/16 fraction of nests that sucessfully raised at least one nestling to the age of 4 weeks successful nests/total nests Both Male and Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 density of nesting pairs pair/3 mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 eggs/clutch Female Adult 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Red-tailed hawk and horned owl populations in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Orians, Gordon and Frank Kuhlman
Pages
371-385
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate mean number of fledglings produced per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 11-17 nests (3 study years) southern Green County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.0 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.56
Citation:

Prey of nesting red-tailed hawks and great horned owls on Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge, northwestern North Dakota

Author(s)
Murphy, Robert K.
Pages
145-149
Year
Issue
3
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition meadow vole and jumping mouse (11.3%), juv. white-tailed jackrabbit (9.4%), horned or eared grebe (5.7%), American coot (22.6%), sora and Virginia rails (3.8%), duck (26.4%), sharp-tailed grouse (9.4%), blackbird (11.3%) relative frequency of prey species occurence in nests Not Reported Nestling 78 nest visits Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Geographic variation in clutch size in the northern flicker (Colaptes auratus): support for Ashmole's hypothesis

Author(s)
Koenig, Walter D.
Pages
698-706
Year
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 6.5 average size of clutches existing in North American museum collections eggs/clutch Female Adult 411 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets 1.4 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Author(s)
Moore, William S.
Pages
1-28
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Time of Molt review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Delayed nesting decreases reproductive success in northern flickers: implications for competition with European starlings

Author(s)
Ingold, Danny J.
Pages
321-326
Year
Issue
2
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 6.18 average size of clutches laid early in the breeding season eggs/clutch Female Adult 17 clutches New Concord, Muskingum County (40 deg, 00'N, 81 deg, 46'W) Exposure Factor Datasets

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Traill's flycatcher breeding biology

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
50-68
Year
Issue
3
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.14 mean clutch size in renests eggs Female Adult 29 nests Toledo, Wooster, OH Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1 SE
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 13.3 d Both Male and Female Embryo 28 nests Toledo, Wooster, OH Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1 SE
Citation:

Nest success and age-specific mortality in Traill's flycatchers

Author(s)
Holcomb, Larry C.
Pages
837-841
Year
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Hatching Success 54.8 % percent of eggs hatched of total eggs laid Not Reported Hatchling 272 eggs, 91 nests Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.11 mean fledglings in nests of known numbers of eggs fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 89 nests Wooster, Toledo, OH; Fremont, NE Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Migration of the willow flycatcher along the middle Rio Grande

Author(s)
Yong, Wang, and Deborah M. Finch
Pages
253-268
Year
Issue
2
Volume
109
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 13.31 mean body weight of adastus subspecies g Not Reported Adult 9 captures Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) Exposure Factor Datasets 1.19 SD
Body Weight - Mean 12.59 mean body weight of brewsteri subspecies g Not Reported Adult 33 captures Rio Grand Nature Center (35deg07'N, 106deg41'W); Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (33deg48'N, 106deg52'W) Exposure Factor Datasets 1.13 SD

Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)

Citation:

Ecological and complementarity of three sympatric parids in a California oak woodland

Author(s)
Hertz, Paul E., J.V. Remsen, Jr. and Stacey I. Zones
Pages
307-316
Year
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Error
Territory Size 0.4 average territory size based on > 400 point observations ha Not Reported Adult 12 territories Jasper Ridge Biological Experimental Area, nr Portola Valley Exposure Factor Datasets San Mateo breeding 0.08
Body Weight - Mean 5.37 mean body weight of museum specimens g Not Reported Not Reported 23 birds Exposure Factor Datasets

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

The effects of fencelines on the reproductive success of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
281-285
Year
Issue
1
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 64 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 0.8 SD
Duration of Incubation or Gestation range of average incubation periods, in two habitats, for successful nests d Not Reported Embryo 64 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ptilochronology: A potential biomarker for assessing territory quality and habitat suitability in shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
276-279
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Foraging Distance 9.2 maximum distance travelled from a cabbage palm to a prey item on ground m Not Reported Adult 21 territories Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology of the loggerhead shrike in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack D.
Pages
95-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying late Feb (begin), April (peak) time of nesting activity Both Male and Female Adult 133 pairs Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 84 average percent of nests that hatched at least 1 young, 4 years % Not Reported Hatchling 133 pairs Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Habitat selection and breeding biology of loggerhead shrikes in eastern Ontario and Quebec

Author(s)
Chabot, Amy, Rodger D. Titman and David M. Bird
Pages
155-156
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success average number of hatchlings per nest, 2 years hatchlings/nest Not Reported Hatchling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Not Reported Fledgling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Location Type Countries
Metabolic Rate review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Territory Size review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

The influence of habtitat degradation on the breeding ecology of loggerhead shrikes Lanius ludovicianus in the shrubsteppe region

Author(s)
Leu, Matthias and David A. Manuwal
Pages
136
Year
Issue
2
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality survival rate of juveniles prior to dispersal from the breeding territory % Not Reported Juvenile 36 nests Yakima Training Center Exposure Factor Datasets

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Citation:

Natural history of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Author(s)
Barlow, Jon C.
Pages
243-296
Year
Issue
5
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning period from hatching to leaving nest d Not Reported Fledgling 8 birds Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year number of broods raised in one nesting season clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 9 pairs Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)

Author(s)
Brown, Bryan T.
Pages
1-17
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences; Philadelphia, PA: The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutches or Litters per year review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO, USA

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Citation:

Salt marsh song sparrow study

Author(s)
Jurek, R. M.
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Special Wildlife Investigations
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition
Territory Size 9.1 territory width across sloughs m Both Male and Female Adult 64 sample areas Suisun Bay; San Francisco Bay; San Pablo Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Contra Costa breeding
Citation:

Effects of supplemental food on growth and adult size in the song sparrow

Author(s)
Smith, James N. M. and Peter Arcese
Pages
1416-1423
Year
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Body Weight - Mean with & without suppl. food Male Adult 23 Exposure Factor Datasets 56-108 d CANADA
Citation:

Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter and James N. M. Smith
Pages
119-136
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 73 survival; no suppl. food; survival fledgling to independence % Both Male and Female Fledgling 29 pairs without suppl. food Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 4.2 mean mass of nestlings 1 d old; no addtn. food g Not Reported Nestling 14 nestlings Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.17 SE
Citation:

Settlement patterns, territory size, and breeding density in the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia)

Author(s)
Knapton, Richard W. and John R. Krebs
Pages
1413-1420
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Territory Size 1745 mean territory size, measured by song playbacks and observations of border disputes m^2 Male Adult 6 birds Reifel Island, Delta, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 406 SD
Territory Size 3956 mean territory size, measured by song playbacks and observations of border disputes m^2 Male Adult 6 birds Reifel Island, Delta, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 611 SD
Citation:

Environmental and endocrine control of reproduction in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia. I. Temporal Organization of the breeding cycle

Author(s)
Wingfield, John C.
Pages
406-416
Year
Issue
3
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 2 clutches/year Both Male and Female Adult about 5 each Rockefeller University field research center Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Stability, regulation, and the determination of abundance in an insular song sparrow population

Author(s)
Arcese, Peter, James N. M. Smith, Wesley M. Hochachka, Christopher M. Rogers, and Donald Ludwig
Pages
805-822
Year
Issue
3
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density 7.8 median density; 10 fold fluctuation over 15 yr period females/ha Female Not Reported 19 years Mandarte island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)

Citation:

Repertoires, territory size and mate attraction in western meadowlarks

Author(s)
Aweida, Maria Klemperer
Pages
1080-1083
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Territory Size 12,406.8 average territory size in mated birds m^2 Male Adult 17 birds Boulder Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size 3,228.1 average territory size of unmated birds m^2 Male Adult 7 birds Boulder Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean 4.00 body weight of average adult oz Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 0.25 body weight of day-old nestling oz Not Reported Nestling 2 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
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