Aquatic birds
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FUEL OILS | decrease @ 5, 10, 20, 50 ul | 6-day % survival of mallard embryos from eggs treated on the 8th day of incubation | Not Reported | Embryo | 50/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 8d of incubation | Laboratory | |
| FUEL OILS | decrease @ 5, 10, 20, 50 ul | 30-d % hatching success | Not Reported | Embryo | 50/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 8d of incubation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE | 17% decrease @ 5 ppm | body weight | Not Reported | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3-4 d | Laboratory | ||
| TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE | increase @ 5 ppm | cephalic tumor incidence | Not Reported | Juvenile | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3-4 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) | 679.8 ug/g (194.3-442.6 95% CI ) | LC50 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 males, 5 females/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMAMECTIN BENZOATE | no effect | mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 22 weeks | Laboratory | |
| EMAMECTIN BENZOATE | no effect | incidence of signs of toxicity and body weight versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 22 weeks | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | 33(7) ppm @ 10 ppm Se, 49(9) ppm @ 20 ppm Se, 87(11) ppm @ 40 ppm Se, 99(9) ppm in birds that died | mean (SE) dry wt concentrations of selenium in liver | Male | Adult | 10-25 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | reduced @ 7 ppm | duckling production versus 3.5 ppm Se group | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | 4.6 (0.18) ppm B @ 450 ppm B; 8.5 (0.34) ppm B @ 900 ppm B; 3.7 (0.16) ppm Se @ 3.5 ppm Se; 6.2 (0.27) ppm Se @ 7 ppm | mean (SE) wet wt concentrations of B and Se in liver | Both Male and Female | Adult | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | 9.1(0.61) ppm @ 642 ug/g Pb; 16(1.5) ppm @ 1284 ug/g Pb | mean (SE) wet wt Pb concentrations in liver | Male | Adult | 10/ Pb treatment; 5/control treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 5 mo | Laboratory | |
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | reduced @ 869 ug/g, corn diet | body weight compared to corn diet controls | Male | Adult | 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 7 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS | increased for lead shot | relative kidney weights versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mo | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS | increased for lead shot, steel and tungsten-iron groups | iron concentrations in femur and liver versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se | plasma glucose concentrations versus controls | Male | Adult | 12/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se | plasma phosphorus concentrations versus controls | Male | Adult | 12/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | increased with Pb; no effect with Fe or Bi | gizzard and kidney weight versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory | |
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | decreased with Pb | liver weight versus controls (females only) | Female | Adult | 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYANOFENPHOS | decreased @ 2.0, 4.0 mg/kg/d | bw versus controls | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10 | laboratory | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 week | Laboratory |
| CYANOFENPHOS | increased @ 2.0, or 4.0 mg cyanofen/kg/d, 10 mg leptophos/kg/d. | incidence of histological lesions in axons and myelin sheaths | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10 | laboratory | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 week | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | decreased to 65% @ 1 uL/egg); 9% @ 5 uL/egg | embryo survival to 18 days | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 65 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 days | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ENDOSULFAN | 34.4 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory | |
| ALDICARB | 1.92 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 36 hours | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | increased @ 10, 30 ppm | liver DNA content versus controls | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5-15 per group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 75 days | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | decreased @ all doses | % drake encounter scores | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | 30 per group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEXACARBATE | 3.0 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 12 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 - 5 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD ACETATE | decreased | ALAD enzyme activity versus controls | Male | Adult | 10 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD ACETATE | increased | iron concentration in liver versus controls | Male | Adult | 10 (controls); 30 (treated) | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) | no effect | fertility, hatchability and duckling weight | Female | Adult | 18/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DDT (4,4'-) | no effect | fertility, hatchability and duckling weight | Female | Adult | 18/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RADIONUCLIDES | see citation | table of mean concentrations of 6 radionuclides (238Pu, 239Pu, 241Am, 242Cm, 244Cm, 90Sr) in 6 mallard tissue types | Not Reported | Adult | 7-15 | leaching ponds, Test Reactor Area, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1242 | decrease @ 150 ppm | body weight at 6, 8 and 12 wks of treatment | Female | Adult | 12 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| AROCLOR 1242 | no effect @ 150 ppm | embryo mortality, # infertile eggs/clutch or # eggs hatched/clutch | Female | Adult | 12 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DICOFOL | increase @ 100 ug/g | incidence of cracked and soft shelled eggs | Female | Adult | 4-8/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DICOFOL | no effect | egg production during study period | Female | Adult | 4-8/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | decrease | plasma prolactin levels during oviposition, early incubation and post-natal care | Female | Adult | 5-12/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 10 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | behavior of offspring; latency in response to approach a maternal call and distance travelled from a frightening stimulus | Female | Adult | 4 adults/dose; 141-175 offspring/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 10 mo | Laboratory | |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 0.021 - 0.028 ppm wet wt @ 0 ppm; 5.8 (0.32 SE; range 4.28-7.23) ppm wet wt @ 3 ppm | mean and range of DDE egg concentrations | Female | Adult | 8 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 10 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | 200.7 (coeff. of variation 22.3%) | 5 day dietary LC50 | Not Reported | Juvenile | 8-10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 5 days | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARATHION | 9% @ 1 mg/L | brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 6/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 weeks old | Laboratory | |
| FENTHION | 67% @ 2.2 mg/L | percent mortality | Not Reported | Juvenile | 6/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 weeks old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDT (4,4'-) | decreased @ all doses | body weight gain by 8 days compared with controls | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 d | Laboratory | |
| DDT (4,4'-) | 1550 ppm | 5 day dietary LC50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARATHION | decreased @ 7.5 lb/acre (aqueous); 0.08, 0.8 lb/acre (oil) | crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Day 3 or 8 of incubation | Laboratory | |
| MALATHION | decreased @ 125 lb/acre | crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Day 8 of incubation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MALATHION | 7/36 | mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose | Not Reported | Juvenile | 36/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory | |
| ACEPHATE | 11/36 | mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose | Not Reported | Juvenile | 36/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEPTOPHOS | decreased @ 60, 270 ppm | plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls | Female | Juvenile | 6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 20 wks | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254 | no effect | eggshell thickness | Female | Adult | 10 hens/dose; 8-9 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 17% decrease | eggshell thickness, compared to control | Female | Adult | 10 hens /dose; 8 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 5% | growth rate, estimated as change in body weight, compared to control | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 50/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 0-8 wks post-hatch | Laboratory | |
| CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 0.25 - 5% | distance retreated from a frightening stimulus; impaired avoidance behavior | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 0-6 d post-hatch | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) | increased @ 8 #four iron shot | serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity vs controls | Female | Adult | 8/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) | increased with all treatments | incidence of hemosiderosis in liver vs controls | Female | Adult | 8/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPN | decreased @ 12, 36, 108 ug/g | embryo weight and length, % normal survivors versus controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory | |
| EPN | decreased @ 12, 36 ug/g | brain weight, protein content, acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase versus controls | Not Reported | Hatchling | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory | |
| EPN | decreased @ 12 ug/g (48%), 36 ug/g (29%), 108 ug/g (0%) | % surviving to hatch versus controls | Not Reported | Hatchling | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | lead only: 1.02 (+/- 0.22); lead-iron: 0.75 (+/- 0.10) ppm, wet wt | lead concentration in kidneys (mean +/- SE) | Male | Adult | control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | lead only: 1.15 (+/- 0.29); lead-iron: 0.32 (+/- 0.05) ppm, wet wt | lead concentration in liver (mean +/- SE) | Female | Adult | control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD NITRATE | increased @ 25 ppm/3wks | accumulation in livers and kidneys versus controls | Male | Adult | 20/dose; 5/dose x time group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
| LEAD NITRATE | increased @ 5 ppm diet (66 +/-13 ppm blood) and @ 25 ppm diet (154 +/-28 ppm blood) | lead concentration in blood after 12 weeks exposure (mean +/- SE) versus controls | Male | Adult | 20/dose; 5/dose x time group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERCURY COMPOUNDS | 2.5 (carcass); 1.25 (egg); 23.7 (kidney) ppm, wet wt | mercury residues in whole carcass, egg contents, and kidneys | Female | Adult | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | 3.7 (carcass); 2.5 (egg); 2.5 (eggshells); 9.6 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead; 3.4 (carcass); 0.88 (egg); 2.8 (eggshells); 35.0 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead + DDE |
lead residues in whole carcass, egg contents, eggshells, and bone | Female | Adult | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE | increased (40%) @ 60 ppm Se | incidence of mortality versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory | |
| ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 60 ppm Se | incidence of ducklings with histopathological lesions versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALUMINUM SULFATE | decreased @ 1000 (LL) | food consumption versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 12-14/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NICKEL SULFATE | decreased @ 1200 pmm (30 d of age) | weight:length of humerus | Male | Juvenile | 36 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory | |
| NICKEL SULFATE | decreased @ all doses (by 60 d of age) | weight:length of humerus | Female | Juvenile | 36 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE | increased @ 0.5, 3 ppm | changes in approach behavior (maternal call stimulus) | Not Reported | Juvenile | 249 (control); 276 (0.5 ppm); 108 (3 ppm) | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | 13-20 ppm, wet wt | mean Se concentration in eggs | Female | Adult | 5 birds | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENITE, SODIUM | increased to 0.4 (@ 0 ppm), 5.0 (@ 10 ppm), 3.2 (@ 20 ppm), 2.8 (@ 40 ppm) ppm, wet wt | Se concentrations in livers after 6 wks of treatment versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 40 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | day old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased @ 20 ppm | serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity by 8 wks of treatment compared to controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 12 birds per timexdose treatment | day old | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 1000 ppm B | hematocrits and hemoglobin concentrations versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | day old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | no effect | % survival versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-day old | Laboratory | |
| SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 15 ppm, 60 ppm (adequate protein, no methionine added) | incidence of histopathological changes in livers versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1-day old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | body weight or plasma electrolyte levels | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 4 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3-5 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 0.5, 1, 3% | plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control | Male | Juvenile | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 wks | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID | Liver; 3 ug/g @ 30 ppm, 17 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 51 ug/g @ 1000 ppm: Brain; 4 ug/g @ 30 ppm, 19 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 66 ug/g @ 1000 ppm | boron concentrations in ducklings 21 d of age (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight). Concentrations at other doses were not detected. | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10-13/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | positive correlation | relationships between EROD activity and dieldrin concentrations | Female | Adult | 5 birds/timepoint (timepoints = 0,10,20,32,42,52,59,70,80,90,100 days) | Bloomington | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALUMINUM SULFATE, SULFURIC ACID | reduced @ 0.5% Al or 0.277 mol sulfate/kg | growth of tibia versus ad libidum controls | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 8 birds/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased @ 10, 50 ug/g diet | kidney Cu concentration versus controls | Male | Adult | 8 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 32 weeks | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | 5.7 ppm (whole blood); 6.2 ppm (liver); 2.4 ppm (spleen) @ 300 mg/kg body weight | lead concentrations in tissues, 96 hr after exposure to lead in ducklings receiving vitamin E | Not Reported | Juvenile | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LINDANE | decrease @ 20 mg/kg 7x and 3x/wk | egg production and vitellogenin concentration in plasma, liver and ovary | Female | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHLORPYRIFOS | decreased | body weight compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 24 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 and 11 months old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | decrease | % fertile eggs and # of ducklings; when male, female or both male and female exposed to oil, compared to control | Female | Adult | 3 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 5.5 mo at initiation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALUMINUM SULFATE | see table | Ca, Al, P concentrations in femur for different treatments after 2 and 10 wks of treatment | Not Reported | Juvenile | 12-14/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) | 44.6 ppm | mean residue concentration in brains of birds that died | Female | Juvenile | 4 birds | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 7% decrease | eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 20 eggs | Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERCURY COMPOUNDS | positive correlation | Hg concentration in brain correlation with P and K concentrations in blood | Not Reported | Adult | 11 birds | Clear Lake, Tule Lake, Eagle Lake | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lake, Lassen, Siskiyou |
| MERCURY COMPOUNDS | 0.001 (Clear Lake), 0.16 (Tule Lake) | productivity (young to adult ratios) at study locations | Not Reported | Adult | 13 birds, Clear Lake; 5 birds, Tule Lake | Clear Lake, Tule Lake | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Lake, Siskiyou |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | decreased at 276, 672, 1606 ng/kg | Mean yolk weight of eggs | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5-12 eggs/dose | Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | increased at 1606 ng/kg | total hepatic cytochrome P450 content | Not Reported | Hatchling | 5-12 eggs/dose | Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 7.98 ppm wet wt mercury | concentration in liver | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 birds | Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) | 28.3 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) | pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) | Not Reported | Nestling | 20 chicks | North Channel, Lake Huron | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) | 47.5 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) | pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) | Not Reported | Nestling | 20 chicks | St. Martin's Shoal, Lake Huron | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) | increased @ all doses | hepatic EROD activity in treated embryos versus controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 83-86 eggs/treatment | Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) | increased @ all doses | hepatic EROD activity in treated embryos versus controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 83-86 eggs/treatment | Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM (elemental), MERCURY (elemental) | no correlation | correlation of mean metallothionein concentration (13.2-24.4 ug/g tissue) and metal concentrations in kidneys | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 24 birds | Heron Is., Manawagonish Is., Ile aux pommes | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CARBARYL | increased at 0.56 kg/ha (2, 8-9 d. post-spray) | whole carcass concentration of carbaryl | Not Reported | Not Reported | 8-9 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) | significantly decreased compared to pre-1943 samples | eggshell thickness (of intact or broken eggshells) | Female | Adult | 86 eggs | Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
