Aquatic birds
California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | range of average clutch sizes over 2 years | eggs/clutch | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 230-336 nests | Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
| Hatching Success | proportion of eggs hatched of total eggs laid over 2 years | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | 419-734 eggs | Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 39.62 | asymptotic body weight of juveniles at 15 days of age | g | Not Reported | Fledgling | 8 birds | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | 0.73 2SE |
Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 60.2% | percent of eggs producing downy young in succesful nests (nests producing at least one young) | Female | Adult | 133 nests | Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 2.3 | kg | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 420 cormorants | east TX | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.02 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.1+/- 0.1 to 3.2+/- 0.1 | mean number of eggs/nest (over 3 years) | Female | Adult | 263-312 nests/year | San Francisco Bay estuary | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat (total or %) | 134 | g (lipid) | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 12 | Mingo Basin | Exposure Factor Datasets | alternate plumate - early migrants, paired | 7 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 540 | ha | Female | Adult | 8 | Bemidji, Beltrami Co. | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | April 26 - June 6 | Not Reported | prairie pothole region of North Dakota | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 10.3 | eggs | Female | Adult | 46 nests | prairie pothole region of North Dakota | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.1 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | corn (51.7%), milo (2.6%), other plant (16.5%), mollusca (snails, clams; 2.9%), insecta (0.3%) | food item occurrence in esophageal contents, expressed as aggregate percent dry weight | Not Reported | Not Reported | 68 birds | along Platte River, between Lexington and Gibbon, Nebraska | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 0.25 | For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). | birds/ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | hunting clubs | Exposure Factor Datasets | wintering birds |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | 1.81%/d | maximum growth rate relative to asymptotic weight | Male | Juvenile | 48 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-154 d | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 30,438 | mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | San Joaquin Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.586 | estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Malheur National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.081 (SE) |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | flora (89.4%), fauna (10.6%) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 94 | Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | 36-45 d |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 936.1 | mean body weight of 8 week old mallards | g | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 15 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 1,240 | g | Female | Adult | 220 | Illinois and Mississippi river valleys | Exposure Factor Datasets | hunter-harvested | 8 SE |
Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | March 29-June 25 (1991), March 11-June 29 (1992) | length of egg laying season in two sample years | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | Exposure Factor Datasets | SPAIN |
Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 14.3 | estimated breeding density in planted field habitat (14 ha) | pairs/100 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | St. Paul Campus, Univ. of MN | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 1.73 | mean clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 396 clutches | Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets |
California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | range of mean fledging rates (number of fledglings per built nest) over a 6 year period | Not Reported | Fledgling | 76-1258 nests/year | Isla Coronado Norte | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes), California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus), Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.687 | estimated average annual adult survival probability (using Jolly-Seber model) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 361 birds captured over 3 yrs | Great Salt Lake | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Mar 23 to Jul 13 | period between onset and end of egg laying | Female | Adult | 6-84 clutches laid/month | Pajaro River Mouth | Exposure Factor Datasets | Monterey |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 177 | median foraging distance from nest | m | Female | Adult | 192 observations | Great Salt Lake, Davis County | Exposure Factor Datasets | 25%-75% quartiles=64-466 |
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