Aquatic birds

Export to CSV
Displaying 1626 data points

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Spring-summer survival rates of yearling versus adult mallard females

Author(s)
Reynolds, Ronald E., Robert J. Blohm, James D. Nichols and James E. Hines
Pages
691-696
Year
Issue
4
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.915 summer to spring survival (proportion) Female Adult 11,139 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.090 (SE)
Citation:

A nesting study of ducks and coots on Tule Lake and Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuges

Author(s)
Miller, A.W. and B.D. Collins
Pages
17-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition May-July Female Adult Not Reported Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Exposure Factor Datasets Modoc, Siskiyou
Citation:

Mid-winter food use and body weights of mallards and wood ducks in Mississippi

Author(s)
Delnicki, D. and K.J. Reinecke
Pages
43-51
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,239 g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 1,477 Mississippi Alluvial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 3 (SE)
Body Weight - Mean 1,079 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 641 Mississippi Alluvial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 4 (SE)
Dietary Composition animal (3.0%), plant (97.0%) percent composition of esopageal food samples Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 2,118 Mississippi Alluvial Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Temporal and geographic estimates of survival and recovery rates for the mallard, 1950 through 1985.

Author(s)
Chu, D.S. and J.B. Hestbeck
Pages
57
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 20
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.5447 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 Female Adult 13,704 Northern California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0128 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.5462 survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 Female Adult 1,240 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0561 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.5626 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 Female Juvenile 8,205 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0445 (SE)
Survival/ Mortality 0.3948 survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 Female Juvenile 1,396 Central California Exposure Factor Datasets 0.0458 (SE)
Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Gaviidae through Alcidae

Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Pages
81-124
Year
Issue
2
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 23-05 from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data yr-mo Not Reported Adult 522,261 band recoveries Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Body composition of female mallards in winter in relation to annual cycle events

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
669-680
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,118 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 44 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets initiation prebasic molt 21 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1,068 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 34 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets early prebasic molt 22 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1,048 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 45 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets middle prebasic molt 12 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1,193 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 35 Mingo Basin Exposure Factor Datasets late prebasic molt 15 SE
Citation:

Protein costs of the prebasic molt of female mallards

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E.
Pages
263-266
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate 3.9 g protein/day Female Adult 183 birds Ted Shanks Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Douglas H. Johnson and David E. Sharp
Pages
122-130
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error
Body Weight - Mean 49.3 egg weight g Not Reported Embryo 27 central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets freshly laid egg 3.5 SD
Body Weight - Mean 32.4 g Both Male and Female Hatchling 36 central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 1 d 2.4 SD
Body Weight - Mean 1020 g Female Adult 173 central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets after second year
Body Weight - Mean 973 g Female Adult 177 central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets 2 yr
Citation:

Homing and reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert and David E. Sharp
Pages
1-28
Year
Volume
106
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.78 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 22 hens prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets after second year
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.18 fully feathered young/hen Not Reported Juvenile 11 hens prairie pothole region of North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets after third year
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal late August/early September (begin), September (peak) Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition beechnuts, acorns, and slugs, snails, frogs or lizards (occasionally) Not Reported Not Reported Central Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival of radio-marked mallard ducklings in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
82-87
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Survival/ Mortality 0.344 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method Not Reported Chick 50 Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 50 days
Citation:

Metabolizable energy of small grains for mallards

Author(s)
Sugden, Lawson G.
Pages
781-785
Year
Issue
4
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 38.01 The value is an average calculated from average intake on eight different diets. See table 1 p. 783 for specific diet averages. grams/duck/day Female Juvenile 12 Exposure Factor Datasets 18 -20 weeks old Laboratory
Citation:

Reproductive capacities of control mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos) during a one-generation reproduction study

Author(s)
Piccirillo, V.J. and R.P. Quesenberry
Pages
133-140
Year
Issue
5/6
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 574.7-1182.8 g/wk range of mean food consumption over the breeding period Both Male and Female Adult 90 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Molt migration of postbreeding female mallards from Suisun Marsh, California

Author(s)
Yarris, Gregory S., M. Robert McLandress and Alison E.H. Perkins
Pages
36-45
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal May 22 to July 10 timing of departure from breeding grounds Female Adult 34 Suisun Marsh, Grizzly Island Exposure Factor Datasets Solano
Citation:

Effects of aqueous and dietary exposure of dieldrin on survival, growth and bioconcentration in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Nebeker, Alan V., William L. Griffis, Thomas W. Stutzman, Gerald S. Schuytema, Lori A. Carey and Susan M. Scherer
Pages
687-699
Year
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 379 g Not Reported Juvenile 10 Exposure Factor Datasets 24 d 7 SE Laboratory
Citation:

The mallard: Its management in western Montana

Author(s)
Girard, G. L.
Pages
233-259
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus); Leafy pondweed (P. foliosus); small pondweed (P. pusillus); smartweed (Polygonum amphibium); widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima); redhead grass (Potamogeton perfoliatus); muskgrass (Chara spp.); duckweeds (Lemna minor and L. trisulca); horned pondweed (Zannichellia palustris); duck potato (Sagittaria arifolia); water spikerush (Eleocharis acicularis) Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported lower Flathead Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting biology of mallards in California

Author(s)
McLandress, M. Robert, Gregory S. Yarris, Alison E.H. Perkins, Daniel P. Connelly and Dennis G. Raveling
Pages
94-107
Year
Issue
1
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.5 eggs Not Reported Not Reported 1934 Suisun Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.9 eggs Not Reported Not Reported 521 Sacramento Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 eggs Not Reported Not Reported 246 San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota

Author(s)
Kirby, Ronald E. and Lewis M. Cowardin
Pages
38-43
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.713 survival rate Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Chippewa National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relative success of overwater and upland mallard nests in southwestern Manitoba

Author(s)
Arnold, T.W., M.D. Sorenson, and J.J. Rotella
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success 43.9% nest success rate (Mayfield method) among overwater nests Female Adult 47 Minnedosa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Hatching Success 12.2% nest success rate (Mayfield method) among upland nests Female Adult 49 Minnedosa, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Foods used by male mallards wintering in southeastern Missouri

Author(s)
Combs, Daniel L. and Leigh H. Fredrickson
Pages
603-610
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition total plant seeds (19.3%), total grain (5.7%), acorns (64.5%), total vegetation (0.9%), tubers/rhizomes (5.1%), invertebrates (4.6%) mean aggregate % dry mass of foods collected in mallard stomachs (one season) Male Both Adults and Juveniles 104 Mingo National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDT thins shells of eggs from mallard ducks maintained on ad libitum or controlled-feeding regimes

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
222-232
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate food consumption rate for average body weight of 1.23 kg g/duck/d Female Adult 18 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Food preferences of mallards on the Chippewa National Forest, Minnesota

Author(s)
Stoudt, Jerome H.
Pages
100-112
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Zizania aquatica, 35.5%; Potmogeton strictifolius, 22.8%; Sparganium chlorocarpum, 11.1%; Scirpus validus, 4.0%; Potamogeton natans, 3.4%; Potamogeton richardsonii, 2.3%; Naias flexilis, 2.0%; Ceratophyllum demensum, 1.5%; Potamogeton spectinatus, 1.5%; Carex spp., 1.4%; Potamogeton zosteriformis, 1.3%; Carex pseudo-cyperus, 1.0%; Scirpus acutus, 1.0% % (by volume) Not Reported Not Reported 306 Chippewa National Forest Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age-related aspects of mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Krapu, Gary L. and Harold A. Doty
Pages
35-39
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error
Body Weight - Mean 1,121.2 g Female Adult 105 birds prairie pothole region central North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets during breeding season 121.5 SD
Body Weight - Mean 1,070.2 g Female Yearling 44 birds prairie pothole region in North Dakota Exposure Factor Datasets during breeding season 121.3 SD
Citation:

The heat production of oiled mallards and scaup

Author(s)
McEwan, E. H. and A.F. Koelink
Pages
27-31
Year
Volume
51
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 80 resting heat production kcal/kg/day Both Male and Female Adult 3 birds/treatment Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate increased to 110 kcal/kg/day resting heat production of oiled birds (crude oil) versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 3 birds/treatment Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Grain consumption by mallards

Author(s)
Sugden, L.G.
Pages
35-39
Year
Issue
1
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 70 mean daily ingestion of barley at 15 C g/day/duck Male Juvenile 16 Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The fasting metabolism of subadult mallards acclimatized to low ambient temperatures

Author(s)
Smith, Kirtland G. and Harold H. Prince
Pages
330-335
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
Metabolic Rate y = 1.970 - 0.054x (r-squared = 0.932) metabolic rate (ml O^2/g/h)-ambient temperature (celcius) relationship Male Juvenile 20 Exposure Factor Datasets 7 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Food availability and preference of juvenile mallards

Author(s)
Chura, Nicholas J.
Pages
121-134
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Dietary Composition flora (2.6%), fauna (97.4%) Both Male and Female Juvenile 94 Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets 1-6 d
Citation:

Accumulation and excretion of Cl36 DDT in mallard and lesser scaup duck

Author(s)
Dindal, Daniel L.
Pages
74-92
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition snails (7%); beetle (2.3%); duckweed (14.1%); pondweed (23.2%); water lily (7.0%); bulrush (9.3%); smartweed (25.5%); Ammiaceae (11.6%) % occurrence in gizzard contents % Not Reported Not Reported 36 Sandusky Bay, Port Clinton Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A model of the productivity of the mallard

Author(s)
Johnson, Douglas H., Donald W. Sparling and Lewis M. Cowardin
Pages
257-275
Year
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal March 15 - May 10 arrival at breeding grounds Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported prairie pothole region of the U.S. Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Harvest distribution and survival of mallards banded in California

Author(s)
Rienecker, Warren C.
Year
Issue
1
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality 61 average survival rate of birds banded 1948-1982 percent Male Adult Not Reported Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, n.e. CA Exposure Factor Datasets

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Bird nesting in Iowa no-tillage and tilled cropland

Author(s)
Basore, Nancy S., Louis B. Best, and James B. Wooley, Jr.
Pages
19-28
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1(+/-2) to 5 (+/-6) mean nest densities in untilled corn or soybean fields nests/100 ha Both Male and Female Adult 8-9 fields Adair County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of fall migrant shorebirds on the Texas High Plains

Author(s)
Baldassare, Guy A. and David H. Fischer
Pages
220-229
Year
Issue
2
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition ad. Coleoptera (16%), larval Coleoptera (10%), other larval Diptera (58%), larval Lepidoptera (11%), miscellaneous (5%) aggregate percentage of food items in diet, based on stomach content analysis Not Reported Adult 7 birds Texas High Plains Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy expenditure in reproductive effort of male and female killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Author(s)
Brunton, Dianne H.
Pages
553-564
Year
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Metabolic Rate 92.6 mean daily energy expenditure during reproduction (during late incubation) kJ/d Male Adult 14 Houghton Lake (lat. 44deg02', long. 08deg45') Exposure Factor Datasets 8.1 SE
Metabolic Rate 118.6 mean daily energy expenditure during reproduction (during late incubation) kJ/d Female Adult 14 Houghton Lake (lat. 44deg02', long. 08deg45') Exposure Factor Datasets 9.2 SE

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California clapper rail in South San Francisco Bay

Author(s)
Harvey, Thomas E.
Pages
98-104
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 0.69 mean breeding density based on rope drag and call count data birds/ha Both Male and Female Adult 55 ha south San Francisco Bay - Ideal Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

A study of the California clapper rail

Author(s)
Zucca, Joseph J.
Pages
135-153
Year
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density range of mean population densities birds/acre Not Reported Not Reported 1 marsh Dumbarton Bridge Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets San Francisco
Time of Nesting April beginning of nesting Not Reported Not Reported 1 marsh Dumbarton Bridge Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets San Francisco
Clutch or Litter Size 7.22 mean clutch size Not Reported Not Reported 27 nests Dumbarton Bridge Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets San Francisco

Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis)

Citation:

Seasonal changes in Yuma clapper rail vocalization rate and habitat use

Author(s)
Conway, Courtney J., William R. Eddlemen, Stanley H. Anderson and Louis R. Hanebury
Pages
282-290
Year
Issue
2
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Home Range 9 mean home range size ha Not Reported Adult 4 birds lower Colorado River Valley Exposure Factor Datasets

Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus ssp. nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus ssp. nivosus)

Citation:

Spacing out at Mono Lake: Breeding success, nest density, and predation in the snowy plover

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel, David W. Winkler and Christopher W. Swarth
Pages
13-24
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying April 18 to July 15 period of time from beginning to end of egg laying for one year Female Adult 9 nests Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Hatching Success range in percent of clutches hatching at least one chick (over 4 years) % Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.64 number of chicks fledged per successful brood (for one year) fledglings/brood Not Reported Fledgling 22 nests Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Clutches or Litters per year 2 number of clutches laid by 30 out of 81 total nesting females clutches/yr Female Adult 81 nesting females Mono Lake (elev. 1,940 m) Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Mating system and reproductive success of a small population of polygamous snowy plovers

Author(s)
Warriner, John S., Jane C. Warriner, Gary W. Page and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
15-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate percent of hatched chicks that fledged (over 6 years) d Not Reported Fledgling 296 chicks Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Survival/ Mortality 78.6 percent annual survival % Male Adult 56 birds Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Survival/ Mortality 72.6 percent annual survival % Female Adult 73 birds Pajaro River Mouth Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey
Citation:

Distribution and abundance of breeding snowy plovers on the Pacific coast of Baja California

Author(s)
Palacios, Eduardo, Lucia Alfaro and Gary W. Page
Pages
490-497
Year
Issue
4
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Hatching Success 1.73 average number of chicks per successful brood chicks/brood Not Reported Hatchling 119 broods Baja California peninsula Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO 0.78 SD
Citation:

Distribution of wintering snowy plovers in California and adjacent states

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Frances C. Bidstrup, Robert J. Ramer and Lynne E. Stenzel
Pages
145-170
Year
Issue
4
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density number of breeding birds per km of sandy beach surveyed birds/km Not Reported Not Reported 54.5-200.2 km per survey region mainland coast Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density number of wintering birds per km of sandy beach surveyed birds/km Not Reported Not Reported 54.5-200.2 km per survey region mainland coast Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Aspects of the occurrence of shorebirds on a central California estuary

Author(s)
Page, Gary W., Lynne E. Stenzel and Claire M. Wolfe
Pages
15-32
Year
Volume
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 1.9 (fall), 3.4 (winter), 1.1 (spring) mean population density birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported 5 seasons censused Bolinas Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore Exposure Factor Datasets Marin

California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)

Citation:

Reproduction and breeding success of California least terns in Jalisco, Mexico

Author(s)
Garcia, Andres, and Gerardo Ceballos
Pages
1084-1087
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Hatching Success range of egg hatching rates, 2 years % Not Reported Hatchling 16-58 nests/year Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Second wave nesting of the California least tern: age composition and reproductive success

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W. and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
596-605
Year
Volume
98
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 age of birds nesting for the first time yr Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Demography of a California least tern colony including effects of the 1982-83 El Nino

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W., David W. Bradley and Jonathon L. Atwood
Pages
976-983
Year
Volume
94
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 earliest age at which adults were known to breed for the first time yr Not Reported Adult 186 birds Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Longevity 13 age of oldest banded breeding birds yr Not Reported Adult 40-105 birds/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Survival/ Mortality 0.88 overall survival rate for adults that have returned to breed once Not Reported Adult 82-165 breeding pairs/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Survival/ Mortality 0.16 rate at which chicks survived to breed at least once Not Reported Chick 84-285 chicks/year Venice (beach) Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Citation:

Breeding biology of the California least tern

Author(s)
Massey, Barbara W.
Pages
1-24
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Migration or Dispersal late Apr time of arrival at breeding grounds Both Male and Female Adult 2 colonies Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Clutches or Litters per year 1 normal number of broods per year Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Time of Mating/ Laying May-Jul period of egg laying, 2 years Female Adult 2 colonies Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Population status and trends of the California least tern

Author(s)
Fancher, Jack M.
Pages
59-66
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Fledging or Weaning Rate 0.69 statewide average annual fledging rate, 13 years fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 832-1708 nesting pairs/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Experiments on the nesting behavior of the least tern, Sterna albifrons browni

Author(s)
Davis, Milton E.
Pages
25-43
Year
Issue
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Territory Size 40 radius of nesting territory cm Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Huntington Beach State Park Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 12 clutches Huntington Beach State Park Exposure Factor Datasets Orange

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis, wintering biology and contaminant accumulation in Commencement Bay, Puget Sound, Washington

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and Robert A. Grove
Pages
460-472
Year
Issue
3
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 22 birds Commencement Bay Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology and production of western grebes at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark L. and Jessop B. Low
Pages
66-70
Year
Issue
1
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying early July peak of laying period Female Adult 386 nests Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 24 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 14 clutches Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.6 mean clutch size eggs Female Adult 70 nests Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Weight growth of young double-crested cormorants in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec

Author(s)
Desgranges, Jean-Luc
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.3 fledging rate among successful nests fledglings/nest Both Male and Female Fledgling 32 nests St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2
Growth Rate 90.5 growth rate during maximum growth phase g/day Both Male and Female Nestling 65 chicks St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.8 SE
Body Weight - Mean 27.6 hatch weight g Both Male and Female Hatchling 11 chicks St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1698.4 asymptotic weight (40 days) g Both Male and Female Nestling 65 chicks St. Lawrence estuary Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 35.2 SE

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Brood size and chick position as factors influencing feeding frequency, growth, and survival of nestling double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus

Author(s)
Leger, Claire and Raymond McNeil
Pages
351-361
Year
Issue
3
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Food Ingestion Rate 4.30 mean frequency of daily feeding of first hatched chick of a brood feedings/d Not Reported Juvenile 64 observations Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.90 SD
Food Ingestion Rate mean meal weight of chicks aged 5-37 days g Not Reported Juvenile 2 chicks Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 12/46 number died/number hatched Not Reported Juvenile 14 nests Iles de la Madeleine Archipelago, Gulf of St. Lawrence Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake

Author(s)
Mitchell, Ronald M.
Pages
1-23
Year
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult 11 nests Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 eggs/nest Female Adult Not Reported Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 36 g Not Reported Hatchling 16 birds Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets 1 d
Body Weight - Mean 1543 g Not Reported Juvenile 13 birds Utah Lake, Utah County Exposure Factor Datasets 23 d
Citation:

Caloric intake of nestling double-crested cormorants

Author(s)
Dunn, Erica H.
Pages
553-565
Year
Volume
92
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition cunner (59.7%), winter flounder (15.5%), sculpin (2.4%), rock eel (0.3%), American eel (6.6%), pollack (9.8%), mummichog (5.8%) frequency by weight of fish regurgitated by adult cormorants Both Male and Female Adult 17 samples Duck Island, Isles of Shoals (43 deg. N, 70 deg. 35' W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Daily activity budgets and movements of winter roosting double-crested cormorants determined by biotelemetry in the Delta region of the Mississippi

Author(s)
King, D. Tommy, James F. Glahn and Keith J. Andrews
Pages
152-157
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Foraging Distance 15.7 mean distance travelled from night roost to foraging site km Both Male and Female Adult 33 birds Mississippi River Delta Exposure Factor Datasets 2.0 SE

Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes)

Citation:

Movements and activity patterns of the light-footed clapper rail

Author(s)
Zembal, Richard, Barbara W. Massey and Jack M. Fancher
Pages
39-42
Year
Issue
1
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 0.81 mean home range size of radiotagged and untagged birds ha Both Male and Female Adult 9 radiotagged birds upper Newport Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Citation:

Foraging behavior and foods of the light-footed clapper rail

Author(s)
Zembal, Richard and Jack M. Fancher
Pages
959-962
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition crabs, California horn snails, isopods, crayfish, decapods, beetles prey items in regurgitated pellets, in order of frequency of occurence Not Reported Adult 18 pellets upper Newport Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Dietary Composition amphipods, garden snails, crane flies, house mice, California voles unquantified dietary items identified in regurgitated pellets Not Reported Adult Not Reported upper Newport Bay Exposure Factor Datasets Orange
Download CSV
Subscribe to Aquatic birds

Comment

Please let us know if the information on this page is helpful for you. Enter your comment and leave your email address if you would like to receive a response. Thank you!
OEHHA is subject to the California Public Records Act and other laws that require the release of certain information upon request. If you provide comments, please be aware that your name, address and e-mail may be available to third parties. In addition, all public comments will be posted on our web site upon the close of the comment period.
OEHHA California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment